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Why is fish passage important? Sjaan Bowie Freshwater Team, Science & Capability, DOC siaanbowie(W.cloc.clovt.nz Fish Passage Restoration Symposium, 26' November 2013 I):p.it Hilton( or Statutory obligations Freshwater Fisheries Regulations 1983 Resource Management Act 1991 Regional & District policies, plans & rules Future — FW RMA reforms, NOF Activity DOC Other Legislation Allow for fish passage -,/ RCs r.41 & r.42 FFR s.14 RMA Fish facility - allow fish and water to pass and associated management functions Ni r.43-50 FFR 11/12/2013
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Why is fish passage important? is fish passage important? Sjaan Bowie Freshwater Team, Science & Capability, DOC siaanbowie(W.cloc.clovt.nz Fish Passage Restoration Symposium, 26'

Mar 20, 2018

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Page 1: Why is fish passage important? is fish passage important? Sjaan Bowie Freshwater Team, Science & Capability, DOC siaanbowie(W.cloc.clovt.nz Fish Passage Restoration Symposium, 26'

Why is fish passage important?

Sjaan Bowie Freshwater Team, Science & Capability, DOC

siaanbowie(W.cloc.clovt.nz

Fish Passage Restoration Symposium, 26' November 2013

I):p.it Hilton( or

Statutory obligations

• Freshwater Fisheries Regulations 1983 • Resource Management Act 1991 • Regional & District policies, plans &

rules • Future — FW RMA reforms, NOF

Activity DOC Other Legislation

Allow for fish passage -,/ RCs r.41 & r.42 FFR s.14 RMA

Fish facility - allow fish and water to pass and associated management functions

Ni r.43-50 FFR

11/12/2013

Page 2: Why is fish passage important? is fish passage important? Sjaan Bowie Freshwater Team, Science & Capability, DOC siaanbowie(W.cloc.clovt.nz Fish Passage Restoration Symposium, 26'

Background Management of all fisheries types in NZ is governed by the Conservation Act 1987 (includes Freshwater Fish Regulations 1983, and the Fisheries Act 1983)

DOC has various statutory functions for freshwater fisheries management including:

• "Protecting freshwater fish habitats" (s.6ab; Conservation Act 1987)

• "Advocating the conservation of aquatic life and freshwater fisheries generally" (s.53(3)(d); Conservation Act 1987)

• Administering the fish passage provisions (Part VI of the Freshwater Fisheries Regulations 1983 (FFR83)).

3

Departmera of Conservation rc Pupa ANON,'

11/12/2013

Freshwater Fisheries Regulations 1983 Part VI (Regulations 41-50)

• Culverts & fords may not be built in such a way as to impede fish passage, without a permit from the DG.

• The DG may require that any dam or diversion structure has a fish facility (fish pass, fish screen or similar) included & set conditions on their design and performance.

*Apply to all defined structures built after 1 January 1984

2

Page 3: Why is fish passage important? is fish passage important? Sjaan Bowie Freshwater Team, Science & Capability, DOC siaanbowie(W.cloc.clovt.nz Fish Passage Restoration Symposium, 26'

DOC Plans

• Agreed protocol • National fish passage project

established 2013 —Develop application form and

assessment process —Ensure DOC standards allow for fish

passage —Collate best practice and guidance —Establish prioritisation process

6

Depari mcnt Conscrvatkm k Alta .1kirloidi

11/12/2013

• Authorisations required regardless of any other consents (e.g. RMA, Building Act etc) or landowner approvals

• Rely on advocacy to Regional Councils under RMA consent process

• Environment Court ruling in 2002 found no conflicts between RMA & FFR

• So increased expectation for DOC to fulfil obligations

3

Page 4: Why is fish passage important? is fish passage important? Sjaan Bowie Freshwater Team, Science & Capability, DOC siaanbowie(W.cloc.clovt.nz Fish Passage Restoration Symposium, 26'

Future Change & Opportunities • FW RMA reforms

—greater collaborative processes

• National Objectives Framework —Set management objectives for communities/councils

(Fish) Yekw Ecosystem Wealth

freshwater Body Ts,

Rivers

Andbyl. Porlphyton

Attribute Unit mg chl.a/rn' Cnsillig sins chlorophyll-a oar square metre)

At,,,,,,,,. sw. Numeric Attribute Slate

! Nettatere Attribute State I

Annual Sawrimum•

A 050 Rare blooms reflecting negligible nutrient enrklunent and/or alteration of the nettles' Row regime or habitat.

B 50-120 Occasional blooms reflecting low nutrient enrichment and/or alteratMn of the natural flow regime or habitat.

C 120.200 Periodic short-duration nuisance Woo., reflecting moderate nutrient enrichment end/of alteretion of the nalturd flow regime or hebdet.

National gatom One

200

17 0203 ender and/or anent/ad-01,mM., nuisance blooms reflecting high nutrient enrichment and/or sIgNficant alteration of the natuf al Pow regime or habit..

Attribute — fish passage Attribute unit — e.g. Barrier parameters (height, downstream pool) or Threatened NMG locations

What are the key parameters for fish passage that we would want included?

11/12/2013

Resource Management Act 1991 • "safeguarding the life-supporting capacity" • "Avoiding, remedying, or mitigating any adverse

effects of activities on the environment" "the preservation of the natural character... wetlands, and lakes and rivers and their margins" "the protection of outstanding natural features... areas of significant habitats of indigenous fauna" "Maintenance and enhancement of quality of environment"....

S13, 14, 17...

4

Page 5: Why is fish passage important? is fish passage important? Sjaan Bowie Freshwater Team, Science & Capability, DOC siaanbowie(W.cloc.clovt.nz Fish Passage Restoration Symposium, 26'

What are the rules in your organisation's Plan for new structures?

9 Yes 1 Developing 3 Unsure

3 yes 1 no 4 No answer

Regional & District Policies, Plans & Rules

Varies around the country Some still don't have water plans

Regional Councils District Councils (13)

(8)

What are the rules in 6 Yes

2 Yes your organisation's 4 No

2 No Plan for existing 3 Unsure

4 Unsure

structures?

Have you ever taken enforcement action to require fish passage?

4 Yes 7 No 2 No answer

8 No

9

Depart ment Conservation /e item.1.1

What are the rules in your organisation's Plan for new structures?

Waikato Structures may not prevent fish passage if catchment greater than 100 ha, depth >3m and dam does not retain >20,000m3

Greater Must provide fish passage Wellington, ORC

BOP, CCC Maintain fish passage

TRC Shall not restrict the passage of fish

Horizons Required for structure to meet permitted activity status

Tasman Threshold for piping 15m

WCRC Fish passage when dealing with damming and diversion (12.4)

ECAN Differ for structures prior to 1 Nov 2010 and after (use and maintenance, reconstruction, alteration, extension, demolition, removal, erection, placement and use..)

Nelson City Fish passage should be considered

Southland Shall not be impeded

11/12/2013

5

Page 6: Why is fish passage important? is fish passage important? Sjaan Bowie Freshwater Team, Science & Capability, DOC siaanbowie(W.cloc.clovt.nz Fish Passage Restoration Symposium, 26'

Why are freshwater fish important?

• Recreational

• Commercial

• Customary

• Ecological

• Conservation

11/12/2013

What are the rules in your organisation's Plan for existing structures?

Northland Maintaining life supporting capacity

Auckland No rules to require fish ramps

Greater New non-regulatory programme will be developed to assist with the remediation of Wellington existing barriers

TRC Shall not restrict the passage

Horizons In order to have permitted status, fish passage is required. Therefore by default if fish passage is not allowed for a structure it is no longer permitted and a consent/permission from DG of DOC is required

Tasman Same as previous + those existing before Feb 2010 have 5 years from the operative date of the plan to provide for fish passage

WCRC Damming and diversion (12.4)

ECAN BLR4 - specific limits on length, diameters of culverts, catchment area above a dam or weir....

ORC Must provide fish passage if it is under the permitted activity rule. If consent is required a decision on whether fish passage was needed would have been made

Wellington minimise/remove barriers to fish passage City Nelson Structures can be improved if damaged; changes to the Freshwater Plan are

required to deal with permitted structures (e.g. retention dams)that need fish oassaae imnrovements.

6

Page 7: Why is fish passage important? is fish passage important? Sjaan Bowie Freshwater Team, Science & Capability, DOC siaanbowie(W.cloc.clovt.nz Fish Passage Restoration Symposium, 26'

11/12/2013

Who are our freshwater fish? • Native fish 51 taxa recognised 67% of native fish

threatened or at risk in NZ

No legal protection

• Sport fish

• Pest fish

• % native fish are migratory

• Remaining resident

• Landlocked populations

Page 8: Why is fish passage important? is fish passage important? Sjaan Bowie Freshwater Team, Science & Capability, DOC siaanbowie(W.cloc.clovt.nz Fish Passage Restoration Symposium, 26'

11/12/2013

lakes/we nd

SEA Larvae •...................... ••

JO:

Why is fish passage important in New Zealand

peg tit

Juveniles (whitebait)

•.'

streams/drains

Why is fish passage important in New Zealand

Pr Fr Pr

' Free passage ' Connectivity 'Access to suitable habitat ' Safe areas 'Impingement/ Entrainment

streams/drains

& Downstream

vvv pawning

lakes/we

. ,

SEA Larvae .• ......................

Adults

Spawning

r--- A ... Att.

8

Page 9: Why is fish passage important? is fish passage important? Sjaan Bowie Freshwater Team, Science & Capability, DOC siaanbowie(W.cloc.clovt.nz Fish Passage Restoration Symposium, 26'

We've changed our rivers... oad crossings

Water intakes

"St vv v Stopbanks

Inst v wo

F oodgates

Department of Conservation Ti' Papa Nawbal 17

To understand what makes a barrier we need to understand the fish...

• Distribution — Available habitat — Recruitment potential

• Habitat preferences • Migration & Spawning timing • Swimming ability

—Climbers —Jumpers —Swimmers

• Behaviour —Access provision

• Size NIWA's experimental ramps to test fish swimming abilities

(source NIWA)

11/12/2013

9

Page 10: Why is fish passage important? is fish passage important? Sjaan Bowie Freshwater Team, Science & Capability, DOC siaanbowie(W.cloc.clovt.nz Fish Passage Restoration Symposium, 26'

Fish physiology, behaviour, size, life-history Climbers Jumpers Swimmers + combination

• Varying styles & abilities,

• Vary with life stage

11/12/2013

Tn., $ NAIR 1•4WMIMG DOW.711. MOV111.,

.0 :711 ■ 10

M/0147/On 1411001 4 11ST11414 X0V1MEXT

Migration /OK NATIV4 111F :11 1</11

011T 4 /ION

and spawning timing POUND 111 110C.1"14 ON 014010740. rOPVLAT101411.t.14

014010110.1 E"M=11 =7.1:=.====1:=MMEMMIEL=.11111112=1M2n1=MMCM=27= M::■!1:Mi::::

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10

Page 11: Why is fish passage important? is fish passage important? Sjaan Bowie Freshwater Team, Science & Capability, DOC siaanbowie(W.cloc.clovt.nz Fish Passage Restoration Symposium, 26'

Swimming ability RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SWIMMING STEEDS (VT M/S). FISH LENGTH a I.4) AND TIME

IT SEC0/ (BOUGIE ET AL.1000)

EELS INANGAISMELT/BULUES

1117E00.50FL 13 5.201.00.63000.16 SUSTAINED VF

500.051'033 II41.^0434.0.43 10021 VI

COMMON NAME SWIMMING VELOCITY GOMM. (ADULT/

SWIMMING VELOCITY GENERAL (JUVENILE)

IITIMMING VELOCITY OVER 0 1511

(JUVENILE)

SWIMMING VELOCITY WM 015 LI

CJLIVANILII

Lela

(3004 *2

a I SI eri.S., TmlornmIWO 0 15 AP 023 c0.25

loneme41 c0.1501.0.

Gum Lela, W.I

Shortjasr Wu,

lOmm

W.05

WI° 010.2?

Mani. take,

lam.

00.05

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004020

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(025

14.40014.1004. plaLLm OW pm*. 0.10.5 0 1)07/

<112. 00.+0

Canto*, PlaiM .10.1309 0100

Toomftrub 005L1

Common bully 03509 024031 c03 ...0,

Upton/ Inall, .150,

14.40) 0<17 CL}LLW

114050 1.0, V0.1509

Common amok 01509 0.1,0.27 W.3

10, NZ q.ock1 au,. on 020.32 ...rm. abu.nod vralt jo. oak shortfin 41/ own:m.1,J, cOrnm011

•Most occur over a range of velocities •Generally <0.3 ms -1 to enable them to swim •<0.1ms -1 if important spawning or migration area •>1.5 ms -1 would exclude all species climbing or clinging species

Size C NION NAM. A•PROSINATZ SILL RANGES 11151/

ON JUVENILE

HATCHING ADULT EGGS

•Most < 150 mm

Some; As large as 580-2000mm As small as 3-10 mm

1LmCmY

lonean ool

Shorffin no!

Gant Lao,

Sfiortiour

Como

4.04 200,

hump

Loollod Impo( Wax,.

Dirartplaom

eg.One loon,. OM

Mogncon .Catias

Alpi.wpdasam

Csnalin, 0100.0

mocts,A

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4550

4550

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3055

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1100

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4001500

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11/12/2013

1 1

Page 12: Why is fish passage important? is fish passage important? Sjaan Bowie Freshwater Team, Science & Capability, DOC siaanbowie(W.cloc.clovt.nz Fish Passage Restoration Symposium, 26'

Barriers to fish passage • Unintentional barriers

—Man-made structures e.g. culverts, dams, weirs, fords

—Natural waterfalls or cascades

• Intentional barriers —Built barriers —Water intake structure and design

Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawbal 24

11/12/2013

Behaviour

• In addition to upstream and downstream movement fish also move within the water column

• From limited observations migrating fish generally near surface or the bottom

23

Department of Conservation Tr Papa Alawbal

12

Page 13: Why is fish passage important? is fish passage important? Sjaan Bowie Freshwater Team, Science & Capability, DOC siaanbowie(W.cloc.clovt.nz Fish Passage Restoration Symposium, 26'

Unintentional barriers • Road crossings, Culverts, Weirs, Fords

• Natural barriers Sometimes barriers are protecting native fish that can not

compete with others e.g. Trout best not to fix 25

I >enactment of Conservation Te Papa Atawbal

• Floodgates

• Dams

Natural barriers

Swim burn waterfall protecting Central Otago Roundhead galaxias from brown trout

Hakataramea waterfall protecting native fish upstream from brook char downstream

11/12/2013

13

Page 14: Why is fish passage important? is fish passage important? Sjaan Bowie Freshwater Team, Science & Capability, DOC siaanbowie(W.cloc.clovt.nz Fish Passage Restoration Symposium, 26'

Intentional Barriers

Built barriers • Barriers that are installed to

protect native fisheries or other values

• Natural Barriers altered to ensure protection

Water intakes Built to try & prevent

entrainment & impingement as fish that get into water intakes often have no way

27 Out

Key points • Legal obligations

—DOC —FW RMA reforms —NOF

• Fish are important • Need to understand the fish • Barriers can be good & bad • Best to consider fish passage when

installing not have to retrofit 28 • Connectivity is the key

Department of Conservation Ye Papa Aintebal

11/12/2013

14