What is communication part 1

What is Communication?What is Communication?

SENDER RECEIVER

Feedback

receiver sender

Communication is the process of sending and Communication is the process of sending and receiving information among people…receiving information among people…

MediumEncode Decode

Communication process

• Sender- The person who sends the messege.also knows as the source.

• Receiver- The person who receives the message.

• Message- Subject matter of communication. It may contain facts, ideas, feeling or thought.

• Feedback- Receiver’s response or reaction or reply to the message, which is directed towards the sender.

Communication ProcessCommunication Process

channel

Noise

feedback

message to be sent

Encoding message

Message received

Message decoding

Sender Receiver

Most common ways to Most common ways to communicatecommunicate

SpeakingVisual Images

Writing

Body Language

Reading

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

ORAL COMMUNICATIONORAL COMMUNICATION1 2 3

Oral Communication

Anything emanating from mouth is referred to as oral communication.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

1 2 3

Types of written communicationTypes of written communication

ReportsReports IllustrationsIllustrations MemosMemos TelegramsTelegrams Facsimiles (FAX)Facsimiles (FAX) E-mailsE-mails TendersTenders OthersOthers

NON–VERBAL COMMUNICATION

1 2 3

Non – Verbal Non – Verbal CommunicationCommunicationThe way an individual The way an individual

positions himself, holds positions himself, holds

his hands, tilts his his hands, tilts his

head, all transmit head, all transmit

volumes about the volumes about the

individual refers to non- individual refers to non-

verbal Communication.verbal Communication.

Types of non-verbal communication

Body LanguageSigns and symbolsTerritory/ZoneObject language

Reading skillsIntroduction:-Reading skills enable readers to turn writing into

meaning and achieve the goals of independence, comprehension, and fluency.

Definition:- Reading skills are specific abilities

which enable a reader to read the written form as meaningful language to read anything written with independence,

comprehension and fluency, and to mentally interact with the message.

Reading Strategies There are eight strategies of reading which we

use in different situations: Skimming ScanningDetailed reading Reading between the linesReading beyond the lines Predict

Skimming: for getting the gist of somethingThe technique you use when you're

going through a newspaper or magazine: you read quickly to get the main points, and skip over the detail. It's useful to skim:

to preview a passage before you read it in detail

to refresh your understand of a passage after you've read it in detail.

Use skimming when you're trying to decide if a book in the library or bookshop is right for you.

SKIMMINGA reading skill used to get the general

idea of the textQuicker-it is done in 3 to 4 times quicker

than normal readingEmployed when readers have a lot to

read in a short timeLook out for key words, phrases,

headings, subheadings to get the general idea

E.g. reading newspapers, flipping through magazines, surfing the Internet

Scanning: for a specific focus

The technique you use when you're looking up a name in the phone book: you move your eye quickly over the page to find particular words or phrases that are relevant to the task you're doing.

It's useful to scan parts of texts to see if they're going to be useful to you:

the introduction or preface of a book the first or last paragraphs of chapters the concluding chapter of a book.

SCANNINGA selective reading skill used to find specific

information quickerInvolves quick eye movement down the page

to look for specific words, phrases or sentences

Readers do not read everything in detail but pay attention to only specific parts that may concern the information sought after

E.g. looking for cupcakes recipe in a cookbook, searching for an electrician in Yellow Pages, looking for an answer in a specific paragraph

exampleMaterial Average Linear expansion

coefficient(α) (ºC)-1

Aluminum 24 * 10-6

Brass and bronze 19 * 10-6

copper 17 * 10-6

Glass (ordinary) 9 * 10-6

Glass (Pyrex) 3.2 * 10-6

Lead 29 * 10-6

Steel 11 * 10-6

Invar (Ni-Fe alloy) 0.9 * 10-6

Concrete 12 * 10-6

Examples

The ‘What’s on’ section of the local paper:

Skimming Scanning

A newspaper: Skimming Scanning

The telephone directory:SkimmingScanning

A train timetable:SkimmingScanning

Detailed reading: for extracting information accurately

Where you read every word, and work to learn from the text.

In this careful reading, you may find it helpful to skim first, to get a general idea, but then go back to read in detail. Use a dictionary to make sure you understand all the words used.

Reading between the lines

Meaning:-Discern a meaning which isn't made obvious or

explicit.It means trying to understand the deeper meaning of literature rather than just the written words.

origin:-This expression derives from a simple form of cryptography, in which a hidden meaning was conveyed by secreting it between lines of text. It originated in the mid 19th century and soon became used to refer to the deciphering of any coded or unclear form of communication, whether written or not; for example, one might say "She said she was happy to go to the party but didn't seem concerned when it was cancelled. Reading between the lines, I don't think she wanted to go in the first place".

Reading between the lines

For example:-“I don’t care what anyone thinks.” —

Translation: I’m deeply insecure and constantly worry about what everyone thinks of me.

“I have to learn for myself.” — Translation: I’m an idiot.

“Sure, you can call me sometime.” — Translation: I will be changing my phone number tomorrow.

Reading beyond the lines Often times it is the more mature student that is capable of

reading beyond the lines. This involves deriving implications, speculating about consequences , and drawing generalizations not stated by the author. This process leads the reader to new insights and to reflection on the significance of the ideas proposed by the author. This level of reading is perhaps the highest and most difficult to attain , however it is in reach of every reader. Questions to ask at this level would be, If you agree with the author, what other conclusion now mentioned can you draw? What other reaction can you or other people experience to this material? Why are these alternatives important?

It means reading and thinking about questions that aren't obvious in the book and/or article. For example; Questions about the future (in the reading).

PredictAfter skimming or scanning a text, make a few

guesses about it:What is the text about?What clues suggest the topic?What likely happens in the text?

Purposethink about a topic before reading in greater

details.Identify what you already know about a topicKeeps your mind focused as you read

process

1. Skim the text, and note any heading, graphics, bolded text, etc.

2. Stop. Write a few guesses. You may use a few prompts to get you started:

“I think this text is about….” “something that likely happens in this

text is….”3. Begin the text.Check at your guesses. Are they correct?Change your predictions as you read.

PRE-READINGPRE-READING

WHILE-READINGWHILE-READING

POST-READINGPOST-READING

READINGREADING

•Figure out your purpose of reading•State what you know about the topic•Look at the questions that follow the text (if any)

PRE-READING

WHILE-READING

•Write down your thoughts•Identify the writer’s main points•Highlight any words, phrases or sentences that interest you

POST-READING

Think again about what you have read

Write down your opinionAnswer the questions that follow (if

any)Discuss with your friends about the

topic