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What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA 2002 Denver, Colorado June 29, 2002
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What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

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Page 1: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology?

Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria

Keynote presentation for:ED-MEDIA 2002

Denver, Colorado June 29, 2002

Page 2: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

1. The strange development of using computers for education

2. On some generally accepted aspects of modern e-Learning

Structure of Talk

3. The concept of “Active Document” 4. The role of knowledge management 5. Influence of future computers on learning6. How to use eLearning pragmatically

Page 3: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

1. The strange development of using computers for education

First serious attempt : PLATO (early sixties)

Central computer with terminals is used very cleverly for communciation, supervision, feedback, testing, score keeping, etc.

HOWEVER: Simple terminals and courseware

Overall, only moderately successful

Page 4: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

The strange development of using computers for education

1987, first of our meetings (ICCAL in Calgary):--- pedagogical matters--- how to prepare a good course--- good graphics including videodisks --- first thoughts about hypertextdominate.

HOWEVER: The best part of PLATO, the network aspect, almost forgotten!

Page 5: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

The strange development of using computers for education

At next three meetings (Dallas 89, Hagen 90, Wolfville 92) main topics: --- increasing emphasis on pedagogy/didactic matters--- intelligent tutoring systems/ simulations--- authoring tools--- CD ROMs

HOWEVER, the best features of PLATO still LOST!Stand-alone systems dramatically dominating!

Page 6: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

The strange development of using computers for education

Next two meetings (Orlando 93, Vancouver 94):--- Discussion of learning models (behavioursism,

cognitivism, constructionism)--- Advanced authoring facilities--- Hypercard like modelsdominate.

HOWEVER, basic rules on what quality courses must look like are FORGOTTEN: Cute, easy- to- author Hypercard stacks are “in”!

Page 7: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

The strange development of using computers for education

ED-MEDIA 95 (Graz):--- break- through of WWW and networks as major

topics

HOWEVER, WWW seen only as information repository!But first serious discussion of “re-use” by meansof “meta-data”

Page 8: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

The strange development of using computers for education

ED-MEDIA 96 (Boston):From now on: WWW remains dominating factor--- more emphasis on communicational and

collaborative features

HOWEVER, simple-mindedness of servers and browserslimits “working with material”:--- good ideas from simulation, ITS get lost--- old ideas (student tracking, feedback) not yet

re-discovered

Page 9: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

The strange development of using computers for education

As of 97: Title enhanced by “ED-TELECOM”:97 (Calgary), 98 (Freiburg), 99 (Seattle):--- Educational systems without network unthinkable--- Many uses of network “re-discovered”--- The term “learning environment” starts to surface--- Re-use of modules, standardization of meta-data

and courseware starts to make progress

HOWEVER, personalization and truly individuallyworking with material still rudimentary

Page 10: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

The strange development of using computers for education

2000 (Montreal), 2001 (Tampere) start to recognize:--- full value of network for collaboration--- importance of personalization--- importance of large number of functions for

learners, tutors, experts, authors, administrators--- need for digital libraries as “background references”--- authoring is small part of eLearning systems

HOWEVER, eLearning is still seen in isolation rather than as knowledge transfer in a knowledge management system!

Page 11: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

2. On some generally accepted aspects of modern e-Learning

WWW as educational tool: often misused! It is NOT enough to have:

– Sequence of Multimedia WWW pages

– Some Question/Answer dialogues (typical: Multiple Choice)

– Email for communication

Page 12: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

Note:

- Web must not use distance education in the sense of allowing to teach still larger groups simultaneously

- Web must not be used as electronic book, but such books and the Web as powerful background library

- Good and pleasing content is important but no need to compete with Hollywood

- Creation of impressive multi-media content is not the answer: the answer is a suitable learning environment

Page 13: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

Requirements for modern eLearning environment (user view only!):

– pretests to assess level of knowledge and cognitive style

– allow users to work with material – use WWW to break isolation: chats, collaboration

spaces, discussion forums, allow student questions

– support different learning paradigms ( like: behavioristic, cognitivistic and constructionistic, implicit learning, etc …)

– background libraries with automatically generated knowledge landscapes

Page 14: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

Working with Material

… insert notes for specified users… insert links for specified users… insert attachments for specified users… change material by adding material (self composed or from library!), by condensing material, by changing structure for specified users… note that this gives multiple views of courseware and background library

Page 15: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

Discussion Forums… Every course must have structured discussion forum… Discussion forums for many participants are not trivial

… Arbitrary document types, notes and links

… New and unread contributions must be marked per user

… Different levels of anonymity are desirable

… Notification mechanism

… Different display and sorting criteria must be provided

… Search facilities

… Different roles (student, evaluator, moderator, …)

Page 16: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

Check out the URL

coronet.iicm.edu

A comprehensive set of collaborative tools, result of the EU Project CORONET.

Page 17: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

Student Questions

Student questions must be possible at any point andfast reaction (if necessary automated) is essential.

Details later under “Active Documents”

Page 18: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

Background libraries with automatically generated knowledge landscapes

Example:Brockhaus: Die Enzyklopädie - Multimedial

Page 19: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

Sample Knowledge Landscape

Page 20: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

3. Active documents

Vision: Any document on the screen - any question can be asked. Document answers the question!

Is this Science Fiction? Not really!

Page 21: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

Implementation of Active Document concept:

Use the fact that many users look at same page!

Problem is reduced to:

When are different questions x and y semantically identical?

Page 22: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

Above mentioned features: implemented in eLearning Suite, an extension of Hyperwave, a WWW based Knowledge Management System.

All Hyperwave components:

Free for Universities and Schools under HAUP (Hyperwave Academic User Program) for non-commercial use, see:

www.HAUP.org

Page 23: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

4. Knowledge Management:

“If our employees only knew what our employees know we would be a much better organisation.”

Page 24: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

Challenge: Make knowledge of all available to all; collect unobtrusively as much knowledge as possible from persons and other sources into computer system; make knowledge easily available.

Page 25: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

KT = Knowledge Transfer = eLearning

is part of Knowledge Management

Many approaches exist!

Page 26: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

The communication model

Arrow 1: Human- human communicationArrows 2, 5: Explicit input/ query in traditional systemsArrows 3, 4, 6, 7 : Implicit and systemic input, systemic output and automatic generation of new knowledge

Page 27: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

Current major tools in KM

… Active document concept … Similarity recognition of documents… Knowledge landscapes… Connection recognition … Growth of knowledge through additions by users

Page 28: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

Connection recognition

Vacation of person x on Eluthera, Oct.15-20, 2000

Visit of Bin Laden in Nassau, Oct. 16, 2000

Bin Laden knows person zPerson x knows person z

Each „connection“ adds weight to the thesis that two persons or events are related. If sum of weights exceeds threshold: systems sends notification.

Page 29: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

Wanted: Object Oriented (OO) Compression Techniques (CT)

for Movies (M)… CT include MPG1, MPG2 and MPG7... yields: (CT,MPG1), (CT,MPG2), (CT,MPG7)

… CT good for long movies (CT, lm)… long movies work well with MPG7 (lm, MPG7)yields (M, MPG7) and (CT, MPG7)

Together with e.g (OO, MPG7), (OO, MPG7) , (OO, MPG7) from somewhere else yields “Incident count for MPG7” is 6.

Page 30: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

KM relevant to eLearning because:

- eLearning needs substantial background libraries with automatic similarity recognition and creation of knowledge maps

- growth of knowledge through feedback and contributions essential

- systemic actions are essential, e.g. in discussion forums

Page 31: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

Knowledge- increase in eLearning environment through e.g. :

(1) notes, chats, discussions, collaboration

(2) question/answer dialogues

(3) systemic actions like automatically generated links, relationships and landscapes

This needs good knowledge management system

Conference on KM: Graz Austria, July 11-12 www.know-center.at/i-know02

Page 32: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

The mobile computer of the future- tiny- no screen- no keyboard as we now have it- no batteries- when turned on, automatic mobile net-connection- built in GPS- buitl in video camera and microphone

5. Future computers and their influence on learning

Page 33: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

Visible part of a future computer:

Page 34: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

Two-part ring as one of the many new data input devices

Page 35: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

Many things we learn today we will have no need to learn in

the future- arithmetic?- handwriting?- spelling?- factual knowledge?- logical thinking?- languages?- ...

Page 36: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

UT 103 : http://www.ectaco.com

Page 37: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

6. How to use eLearning pragmatically

eLearning DIFFERENT in industry/government and schools/universities

Industry: eLearning helps to save money (in time, on the spot learning)

Universities: eLearning SUPPORTS teaching, can improve it but DOES NOT usually make it cheaper!

Page 38: What have we learnt in 15 years of about educational technology? Hermann Maurer, Graz University of Technology, Austria Keynote presentation for: ED-MEDIA.

Thank you for your listening!

URLs: www.hyperwave.de www.haup.org www.iicm.edu/maurer www.know-center.at/i-know02email: [email protected]

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