What causes Earth’s surface to change? Lesson 1 Earth’s Landforms Lesson 2 Plate Tectonics Lesson 3 Volcanoes Lesson 4 Earthquakes Lesson 5 Shaping Earth’s Surface
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What causes Earth’s
surface to change?
Lesson 1
Earth’s Landforms
Lesson 2
Plate Tectonics
Lesson 3
Volcanoes
Lesson 4
Earthquakes
Lesson 5
Shaping Earth’s Surface
Chapter 5 Menu
landform
relief map
topographical map
atmosphere
hydrosphere
crust
mantle
outer core
inner core
Lesson 1 Splash
What are landforms?
ocean
inlet cliff
waterfall plateau
mountain
canyon
river tributary
coast delta
estuary
valley
hill
plain
desert
lake
beach dune
Lesson 1 a
What are the features of the ocean floor?
continent
continental slope
continental shelf
continental rise
sea mount
mid-ocean
ridge
rift valley
trench
abyssal
plain
Lesson 1 b
How are Earth’s features mapped?
Lesson 1 c
Relief Map of
Nunviak Island, AK
Topographical Map of
Nunviak Island, AK
What are Earth’s layers?
lower
mantle
outer
core inner
core
upper mantle
crust
hydrosphere
atmosphere
Lesson 1 d
Main Idea
• atmosphere
• hydrosphere
• crust
• upper mantle
• lower mantle
• outer core
• inner core
What are Earth’s layers?
Lesson 1 Main Idea Review
The layer of Earth’s interior below the crust is
called the ____________.
All of Earth’s liquid and solid water makes up its
____________.
The ____________ is made of solid metals.
A ____________ is a physical feature on Earth’s surface.
The rocky layer of Earth’s surface is called the
____________.
hydrosphere inner core landform
Vocabulary
crust mantle
Lesson 1 Vocab Review a
The ________________ includes all of the gases
around Earth.
A map that uses shading to show elevations is
called a ________________.
The ________________ is made of liquid metals.
A ________________ uses lines to show elevation.
outer core relief map
Vocabulary
atmosphere topographical
map
topographical map
Lesson 1 Vocab Review b
Which features of the ocean
floor angle downward and
which angle upward?
seamount
mid-ocean ridge
Upward
Classify
End of Lesson
Downward
continental slope
continental rise
continental shelf
trenches
submarine canyon
Lesson 1 GO Review
Lesson 1 Vocab a
Lesson 1 Vocab b
Lesson 1 Vocab c
Lesson 1 Vocab d
Lesson 1 Vocab e
Lesson 1 Vocab f
Lesson 1 Vocab g
Lesson 1 Vocab h
Lesson 1 Vocab i
plate tectonics
magma
fault
geologist
Lesson 2 Splash
Is Earth’s crust moving?
225 million
years ago
200 million
years ago Present Day
Lesson 2 a
What causes the ocean floor to spread?
Lesson 2 b
Scientists have developed a theory called plate tectonics
to explain how forces deep within Earth can cause ocean
floors to spread and continents to move.
Fault-Block Mountains Folded Mountains
How do mountains form?
Lesson 2 c
Is Earth’s crust stationary or moving?
Main Idea
moving
Lesson 2 Main Idea Review
The theory of _____________ explains how forces
deep within Earth can cause ocean floors to
spread and continents to move.
Deep cracks in Earth’s crust are called _________.
A _____________ is a scientist who examines
rocks to find out Earth’s history and structure.
_____________ is hot, melted rock.
faults
Vocabulary
plate tectonics
Magma
geologist magma
Lesson 2 Vocab Review
magma flows
up
magma pushes
ocean rock up
magma breaks
through ocean
floor
Cause and Effect
End of Lesson
What causes the ocean
floor to spread?
rock pushes
outward in
opposite directions
Lesson 2 GO Review
Lesson 2 Vocab a
Lesson 2 Vocab b
Lesson 2 Vocab c
Lesson 2 Vocab d
volcano
lava
shield volcano
landslide cinder-cone volcano
composite volcano
island chain
hot spot
island arc
Lesson 3 Splash
Where are volcanoes found?
Lesson 3 a
How do volcanoes build land?
batholith
dike
laccolith
sill
Lesson 3 b
How do volcanoes build islands?
ocean
Hawaii
Maui
hot spot
magma
direction
of plate
movement
Kauai
Oahu
Molokai
Lesson 3 c
What is a volcano?
Main Idea
A place where magma reaches
and flows onto Earth’s surface.
Lesson 3 Main Idea Review
____________________ are built by thinner,
fluid lava that spreads out over a large area.
A stationary pool of magma is called a
____________________.
Once magma reaches Earth’s surface, it is called
____________________.
____________________ are built by thick lava that is
thrown high into the air and falls as chunks or cinders.
lava
Vocabulary
shield volcanoes
Shield volcanoes
Cinder-cone volcanoes
hot spot cinder-cone volcanoes
Lesson 3 Vocab Review a
___________________ are built by layers of ash and
cinders sandwiched between layers of hardened lava.
In areas where an ocean-floor plate is pushed under
another ocean-floor plate, an ___________________
is formed.
A __________________ is an opening in Earth’s crust.
An ___________________ is a line of volcanic
mountains.
island chain
Vocabulary
volcano
Composite volcanoes
island arc composite volcanoes
Lesson 3 Vocab Review b
area
closest to
the hot
spot
The islands are in
a line from oldest
to youngest.
Infer
End of Lesson
The next island
will be located
past the
youngest.
Where will the next Hawaiian
Island be located?
Lesson 3 GO Review
Lesson 3 Vocab a
Lesson 3 Vocab b
Lesson 3 Vocab c
Lesson 3 Vocab d
Lesson 3 Vocab e
Lesson 3 Vocab f
Lesson 3 Vocab g
Lesson 3 Vocab h
earthquake
focus
epicenter
magnitude
tsunami
Lesson 4 Splash
What is an earthquake?
epicenter
focus
fault
Lesson 4 a
An earthquake
is a sudden
movement of
Earth’s crust.
S waves
P waves
Key
What waves do earthquakes make?
lower mantle
inner core
outer core
Lesson 4 b
How is an earthquake’s energy measured?
Lesson 4 c
How can people prepare?
Lesson 4 d
Buildings in San Francisco
have been designed to resist
damage from earthquakes.
What is an earthquake?
Main Idea
An earthquake is a sudden
movement of Earth’s crust.
Lesson 4 Main Idea Review
When the waves reach Earth’s surface, they spread out
from a point called the ____________.
An ____________ is a sudden movement of Earth’s crust.
The place where the slipping begins is called the
earthquake’s ____________.
When an earthquake occurs underneath the ocean,
it can produce a huge wave called a ____________.
____________ is a measure of the amount of energy
released by an earthquake.
epicenter
Vocabulary
tsunami
Magnitude
magnitude focus earthquake
Lesson 4 Vocab Review
A tsumani strikes
the shore.
Draw
Conclusions
End of Lesson
An earthquake has
occurred on the
ocean floor.
What can you conclude
has happened if a tsumani
strikes a shore?
Lesson 4 GO Review
Lesson 4 Vocab a
Lesson 4 Vocab b
Lesson 4 Vocab c
Lesson 4 Vocab d
Lesson 4 Vocab e
weathering
erosion
glacier
landslide deposition
meander
sediment
floodplain
Lesson 5 Splash
What is weathering?
Weathering is the process through which
rocks or other materials are broken down.
Lesson 5 a
What is erosion?
Erosion is the process through
which weathered rock is moved
from one place to another.
Lesson 5 b
What is deposition?
The process by which eroded materials, such
as sediments, are dropped off in another place
is called deposition.
Lesson 5 c
How are shorelines changed?
Lesson 5 d
When water collects on land that is normally dry, it
is called a flood.
How can shorelines be protected?
Fences and grasses help
keep sand dunes from being
eroded by wind.
Some barricades may be
built to prevent large waves
from causing floods.
Lesson 5 e
What processes break down
and build up land?
Main Idea
Weathering and erosion
break down land, and
deposition builds up land.
Lesson 5 Main Idea Review
A ____________ is a large mass of slowly
flowing ice.
Particles of soil and rock that are carried
along in water are called ____________.
____________ is the process through which
rocks or other materials are broken down.
A ____________ is a place that is easily
flooded when river water rises.
glacier
Vocabulary
weathering
Weathering
floodplain sediment
Lesson 5 Vocab Review a
____________ is the process through which
weathered rock is moved from one place to
another.
____________, or gentle loops, sometimes
form in rivers with slow-moving water.
The process by which eroded materials
are dropped off in another place is
called ____________.
erosion
Vocabulary
Erosion
deposition meanders
Meanders
Lesson 5 Vocab Review b
beach erosion Problem and
Solution
End of Lesson
If you needed to
prevent waves
from eroding a
beech what
would you do?
find cause of erosion
levees, fences, grasses
Lesson 5 GO Review
Lesson 5 Vocab a
Lesson 5 Vocab b
Lesson 5 Vocab c
Lesson 5 Vocab d
Lesson 5 Vocab e
Lesson 5 Vocab f
Lesson 5 Vocab g
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