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WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR
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WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

Dec 19, 2015

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Page 1: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

WELCOMES YOU

ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY,

BHUBANESWAR

Page 2: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

STRATEGIES & TECHNOLOGIES

TO BE PROMOTED FOR EXTENDING

SECOND GREEN REVOLUTION IN ORISSA

Dr. M.M. PandaDean of Research

Orissa University of Agriculture & TechnologyBhubaneswar – 751 003

9th July, 2010

Page 3: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

• Occupies 4.7 % of India’s area • Inhabitates 3.58 % human &

4.8% livestock • 1451 mm annual rainfall• 10.4 % water resources • 480 km coast length & 2400

sq km continental shelf • 10 agroclimatic zones

ORISSAORISSA

• Frequent natural calamities (35 times in last 45 years)• Rich biodiversity

– 2 out of 22 Agro-biodiversity hot spots (Koraput, Mayurbhanj)

– 3 Biosphere Reserves (Bhitarakanika, Semilipal, Chilka)

• Congenial climate for cultivation of most of the crops

Page 4: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

Geographical area 155.71Non-Agricultural Use 12.98Forest 58.13Permanent Pasture 4.94Current fallow 5.76Barren / Unculturable 8.40*Other fallow 2.29*Culturable waste 3.75*Trees / grooves 3.42*

Cultivable area 61.80

Land use classificationArea in lakh ha

About 17.86 lakh ha calls for massive investment for making culturable. To start with about 6 lakh ha can be taken up for suitable plantation at an approximate cost of Rs.24,000/ha.

Page 5: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

High 29.14 (47.2 %)

Medium 17.55 (28.4 %)

Low 15.11 (24.4 %)

Total 61.80

Cultivated land types in Orissa

Area in lakh haAbout 8 lakh ha of unirrigated high land can be covered by pulses (greengram, blackgram, arhar), oilseeds (groundnut, sesame) & vegetables by substituting uplandpaddy.

A part of the low land (about 10%) can be converted to pond based Integrated Farming System at an approximate cost of Rs.50,000/ha.

About 40 lakh ha needs treatment for soil and water conservation following the principles of Integrated Watershed Development

Page 6: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

Soil acidity 40.0

Soil erosion 26.0

Soil salinity 4.0

Water logging 3.0

Problem soils in Orissa Area in lakh ha

Inadequate drainage is one of the major constraints in coastal Orissa which calls for re-sectioning & re-grading of the drainage channels.

Provision of sub surface water harvesting structures & installing micro tube wells (30-40’ deep, 2-3” dia, Pump capacity limiting to 2 HP) can reduce drainage congestion and provides sweet water for irrigation. The cost norm is Rs.4000/ha for surface drainage, Rs.40,000/ha for subsurface drainage & Rs.15,000/ha for reclamation of waterlogged areas with bio-drainage (2mx2m).

Appropriate soil amelioration is required in about 44 lakh ha with approximate cost of Rs.1000/ha.

Page 7: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

Source Kharif Rabi Total Potential

Major & Medium 12.86 5.64 18.5 39.5

Minor (flow) 5.42 0.74 6.16 9.7

Minor (lift) 4.74 2.70 7.44 8.9

Other Sources 5.66 5.0 10.66 0.9

Total 28.67 14.07 42.76 59.0

Utilized 20.81 10.96 31.77 (74%)

•74% of the potential created is utilized.•Overall 37 % of the area cropped is irrigated.•Rice is the major consumer of irrigation water.

Source wise irrigation developed

Area in lakh ha

Page 8: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

Irrigation facility can be extended to another 16.24 lakh ha for which potentiality exists. The cost norm is about Rs.2 lakhs/ha.

The State intends to provide irrigation to at least 35% of the cultivated area in each of the 314 Blocks.

There is a need of enhancing irrigation facility particularly through water harvesting structures in interior districts.

In coastal districts the untapped ground water potential (82%) can be exploited. Recharging groundwater also needs attention.

Efforts need be made for enhancing utilization of potential already created.

Enhancement of water productivity should be the focus.

Page 9: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

Extent of rainfed area EXTENT NO. OF

DIST.DISTRICTS

15-30 % 6 Bhadrak, Cuttack, Jajpur, Kendrapara, Ganjam, Puri

30-40 % 2 Sonepur, Jagatsinghpur

40-50 % 4 Balasore, Malkangiri, Boudh, Khurda

50-60 % 4 Dhenkanal, Gajapati, Nayagarh, Bargarh

60-70 % 8 Angul, Kalahandi, Koraput, Keonjhar, Nabarangpur, Sambalpur, Deogarh, Rayagada

> 70 % 6 Bolangir, Nuapada, Kandhamal, Jharsuguda, Sundargarh, Mayurbhanj

* More than 50 % of cultivated area are rainfed in 60 % of the districts

Page 10: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

Watersheds to be treated Micro

watersheds delineated

(No.)

Micro watersheds

treated(No.)

Micro watersheds in command area

(No.)

Micro watersheds to be treated

(No.)

20,079 4836 4524 10,757

Source: Orissa Watershed Development Mission

XI th plan(2009-10 to 2011-12)

XII th plan(2012-13 to 2016-17)

XIII th plan(2017-18 to 2021-22)

XIV th plan(2022-23 to 2026-27)

1680 4470 4396 211

Plan wise treatment target (No.)

* For treating 10,757 left over micro watersheds (500 ha each), Rs.6454.2 crores will be required at the existing cost norm of Rs.12,000/ha.

Page 11: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

Market scenario• Large number of intermediaries reduce share of

producer in the market.

Commodity Share of producer (%)Rice 62 – 75Groundnut 54 – 73Turmeric 22 – 54Ginger 53 – 68

Vegetable Price range (Rs./kg)Brinjal 2.5 – 17.0Tomato 1.5 – 22.0Radish 1.0 – 11.0Cauliflower 2.5 – 23.0Beans 4.0 – 15.4

Variation in vegetable retail price

Page 12: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

Climate is changing• Delayed monsoon onset (2 weeks)

• Number of rainy days/year decreasing in southern Orissa by 5 days

• Prolonged dry spell

• More number of Heavy rainfall days

• Increased flood and drought occurrence

• Early start of summer (February onwards)

• Post-monsoon period (coinciding with rice flowering) remains warmer which adversely affects yield

• Fluctuating winter temperature

• More intense and prolonged heat wave, even in coastal Orissa

Page 13: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

Effect on Agriculture

• Kharif growing period decreased by 2 weeks

• Increasing weather risk for timely operations

• Increased risk of crop submergence

• Increased damage due to dry spell / drought

• Lower fertilizers use efficiency

• Reduced quality of produce (grain discolouration)

• New pests emerging (swarming caterpillar, sheath rot)

• Increased salinity in coastal areas

Page 14: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

Research intervention• Development of new short duration rice varieties with

resistance to drought.

• Development of flood tolerant rice varieties.

• Simulation crop modeling for optimum weather use.

• Pest scenario prediction due to climate change.

• Devising methods for faster dissemination of weather based agro-advisories.

• Developing ways and means for increasing fertilizer and water use efficiency.

Page 15: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

Steps to enhance SRR• Seed village programmes on pulses, oilseeds &

paddy • Establishment of processing plants within easy

reach of growers• Establishment of dehumidified chambers at

important production centres of groundnut• Service co-operative societies to be strengthened

and be given the responsibility of seed distribution

• SAUs to be supported to maintain indigenous elite germplasm / land races

• Private dealers network to be extended to GP level• Incentives to seed growers for creating healthy

competition• Capacity building of seed growers

Page 16: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

• Fertilizer consumption in the State is low (62 kg/ha) compared to national average of 128.6 kg/ha.

• A negative balance of NPK with wide spread deficiency of S, B, Mo & Zn is exhibited.

• Integrated nutrient management / site specific nutrient management is to be promoted in majority of the areas so that soil health is maintained.

• Organic agriculture need promotion in areas which are organic by default. Organic markets to be created for remunerative returns to farmers.

• A less stringent certification procedure be developed & adopted particularly for the domestic markets.

FERTILIZER CONSUMPTION

Page 17: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

FARM MECHANIZATIONOrissa India Highest

Power consumption for agriculture

2% 30% -

Power consumption (kilowatt/ha)

0.71 1.62 3.56 (Punjab)

Tractors/’000 ha* 2.5 12.2 82.5 (Punjab)

Power tillers/’000 ha* 0.3 0.4 2.8 (WB)

• The subsidy component on sale of farm implements has gone up from Rs.10 lakhs in 1986-87 to Rs.64 crores in 2009-10.

• Electricity is required to be subsidized for agricultural use.• Drudgery reducing woman friendly farm equipments/

implements to be developed and popularized.• Self Help Groups to be trained to take care up repair and

maintenance of farm equipments at village level.

* Tentative

Page 18: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

Crop Productivity (kg/ha)ORISSA All INDIA

Rice 1720 2202Wheat 1482 2802Maize 2245 2335Gram 659 762Arhar 825 826Pulses 458 625Groundnut* 1705 1459Sunflower* 981 765Oilseeds 804 1115Cotton 423 467Jute & Mesta 1172 2101Sugarcane* 70.4 t/ha 69.0 t/haPotato 11.1 t/ha 17.8 t/ha

CROP PRODUCTIVITY (2007-08)

* Productivity of groundnut, sunflower, sugarcane is above the national average.* Deficit in pulses (0.88 lakh t) & oilseeds (13.7 lakh t) to meet domestic requirement

Page 19: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

Research intervention (Rice)

1. Developing suitable varieties & agro-techniques for handicapped ecologies

2. Improvement of short grain local aromatic rice genotypes

3. Standardization of production technologies for SRI, aerobic rice & hybrid rice

4. Standardization of organic package for Basmati rice5. Integrated pest management & popularization of use

of herbicides & bio control agents6. Development of resource conservation technologies

(RCT) in rice cultivation7. Development of technologies on adaptation &

mitigation to combat climate change

Page 20: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

On-farm Trials in Rice (To be supported)

• Evaluation of rice hybrids

• Evaluation of drought tolerant rice varieties

• Evaluation of submergence tolerant varieties (Swarna Sub-1)

• Evaluation of short grain aromatic rice varieties

• Evaluation of raised and sunken bed method of cropping in canal commands

• Use of herbicides for weed management

• Integrated nutrient management in rice

• Integrated pest management in rice

Page 21: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

Research intervention (Pulses)

1. Development of cold tolerant mung bean (Research in progress).

2. Identification of suitable HYVs pulses for various seasons & agroclimatic condition (To be strengthened).

3. Developing package of practices on pyra cropping (To be strengthened).

4. Evaluation of low BOAA containing Lathyrus varieties (To be supported).

5. Standardizing INM, IPM & IDM technologies (To be strengthened)

6. Production of Breeder seeds in farmers’ field (To be supported).

7. Evaluation of performance of different irrigated pulse crops including Rajmash in rabi (To be supported).

Page 22: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

On-farm Trials on Pulses (To be supported)

• Varietal evaluation under different agroclimatic situations

• Full package vs. farmers’ practice

• Evaluation of pulses as intercrops

• INM in pulses

• Zero till drill vs. farmers’ practice

• Micro irrigation

Page 23: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

Research intervention (Oilseeds)

1. Identification of suitable HYVs and hybrids of different oilseed crops for various locations (To be strengthened).

2. Standardizing INM, IPM & IDM technologies (To be strengthened).

3. Production of breeder seeds in farmers’ field (To be supported).

4. Developing varieties tolerant to various biotic stresses (To be supported).

5. Developing groundnut varieties having dormancy (To be strengthened).

6. Developing groundnut stripper & low cost storage bin for groundnut (To be supported).

Page 24: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

On farm trials on Oilseeds (To be supported)

• Full package vs. farmers’ practice

• Evaluation of oilseeds as intercrops

• Mustard as a catch crop in irrigated areas

• Use of paper mill sludge

• Pest & disease control

• Micro irrigation

• Planting method in groundnut

• Bee pollination in sunflower & mustard

Page 25: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

Research intervention (Maize)

1. Developing quality protein maize and it’s popularization in tribal districts for nutritional security.

2. Development of short duration varieties / single cross hybrids.

3. Standardization of production technology for sweet corn.

4. Maize based intercropping

5. Value addition

Page 26: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

Integrated Farming System

• Our focus is on small and marginal farmers (84%) majority of whom operate under Complex, Diverse, Risk prone situations.

• A rural family having 6 members including two children requires approximately Rs.60,000 / annum for livelihood security.

• This has to be derived from the income from farming and allied enterprises for the small and marginal farmers.

• But no single farm enterprise is likely to support them for generation of adequate income and gainful employment year round. Integrated Farming System is the option.

Page 27: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

Research priorities

• Development / identification of suitable varieties of crops for different agro ecological situations / handicapped ecologies.

• Developing adaptation and mitigation technologies to manage climate change.

• Development of Integrated Farming System model for small and marginal land holders.

• Amelioration of soil acidity.

• Management of nutritional deficiencies and toxicities.

• Integrated nutrient management for major crop sequences.

Page 28: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

Research priorities contd…..

• Developing organic package of practices for high value crops.

• Enhancement of water productivity.

• Integrated management of pests and diseases of important crops.

• Developing drudgery reducing women friendly agricultural implements.

• Developing technologies for value addition of agricultural produce including packaging of perishable vegetables / fruits.

Page 29: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.

• Develop appropriate technologies through research in a farmer participatory mode.

• On-farm trials in large scale to be conducted in farmers’ field.

• Implementation of research projects / on-farm trials on contract basis.

Technology Development Process

Page 30: WELCOMES YOU ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR.