Welcome to CIFOR Updated 2014

Welcome to CIFOR

March 2014

Presentation outline

Background Where and how we work Research agenda Impact pathways

Background

Global developments 1960-2010B

illion

peop

le

What to expect

• 9.6 billion people in 2050

• Changing consumption patterns

• Continued economic growth

• Expectations of justice and equity

• Migrations to seek new opportunities

• Increased climate variability

Only 30-40 years from now, the world will not look as it does today.

Why forests are important Forests provide $250 billion in various forms of income and are essential to

the livelihoods of 1.6 billion people – a quarter of the world’s population They contain 80% of the Earth’s terrestrial biodiversity Forests absorb up to a third of all carbon emissions

(Re)defining forestry for the bigger picture

• Political relevance

• Positive contributions

• Not only problems

Poverty

Food security

Climate change

Biodiversity

Green economy

MDG

WFS

UNFCCC

CBD

Rio+20

“Big 5”

Fore

stry

The problem Global forest area has decreased since

1990 by 300 million hectares – an area larger than Argentina

Deforestation and land-use change contribute 10-15% of the global greenhouse gas emissions; and peatland degradation adds as much as another 3%

Forest destruction affects agricultural productivity and can undermine food security at landscape scales

Forest loss endangers biodiversity, and can threaten the rights and livelihoods of indigenous people and other forest communities

Forests are fundamentalFood, nutrition and health WaterEnergy Housing Livelihoods and employment Climate change adaptation and mitigationBiodiversityResilience and safety nets

To environmental and economic external shocks

CIFOR’s vision Forests are high on the political

agenda People recognize the value of

forests for maintaining livelihoods and ecosystems

Decisions that influence forests and the people that depend on them are based on solid science and principles of good governance, and reflect the perspectives of developing countries and forest-dependent people

CIFOR’s purpose We advance human

wellbeing, environmental conservation and equity by conducting research to inform policies and practices that affect forests in less-developed countries.

CIFOR’s history Established in 1993 as part of the CGIAR

Board’s early guidance led to emphasis on policy-oriented, multi-disciplinary research

Major lines of research have included:• Criteria and indicators • Underlying causes of deforestation• Decentralisation• Improved logging practices• Forests and livelihoods• Forest finance and governance

Board approved a new strategy in 2008

CGIAR CIFOR is one of 15 centers that make up the CGIAR Consortium CIFOR is the Lead Center for the CGIAR Research Programme on Forests, Trees

and Agroforestry (CRP-FTA), in partnership with the World Agroforestry Centre, Bioversity, the International Center for Tropical Agriculture, CATIE and CIRAD

Where and how we work

Where we work: Tropical forests

Humid forests

1.1 billion hectaresDiverse, 50% terrestrial speciesLow population densityRural poor/marginalized groups

Dry forests

0.7 billion hectaresLess diverse, high endemismLow /high population densityDisproportionate number of poor

Where we work

Burkina Faso Cameroon EthiopiaZambiaBrazil Indonesia

Headquarters: Bogor, Indonesia8 regional & project offices

Research sites in more than 30 countries

Peru Kenya Vietnam

CIFOR organisation from 1 Jan 2014

Global comparative research

Synthesizing existing knowledge

Developing new methods

Partnership Capacity-building Outreach

How we work:Approaches

CGIAR (Stability Funds) 5.301

CGIAR (CRPs) 4.555

European Com-mission 4.843

Norway 3.991

Australia (ACIAR and AusAid) 2.098

USA (USAID/U.S. FWS) 0.975

French Global En-vironment Facility

0.775

Germany (GIZ) 0.765

Canada (IDRC) 0.744

Finland 0.535

Spain (INIA) 0.507

Others 4.780

Financial resources2011 Expenditures: USD 28.6 million

Human resources 250 staff representing 35 countries 85 consultants, 29 PhD students/interns Network of Associates

Research agenda

Smallholder production systems and markets

Management and conservation of forest and tree resources

Environmental services and landscape management

Climate change adaptation and mitigation

Impacts of trade and investment on forests and people

Researchcomponents

Researchcomponent

Enhancing management and production systems for smallholders (food security and nutrition)

Increasing income generation and market integration for smallholders

Improving policy and institutions to enhance social assets to secure rights in forest- and tree-dependent communities

Smallholder production systems and markets

Example of research:Poverty and Environment Network (PEN) Study of forest-based contributions

to incomes in more than 8,000 households in 24 countries

Finding: Income from forests contributes on average more than one-fifth of total household earnings for people living in or near forests

PEN publications to be released in April 2014

Example of impact: Money for honey CIFOR analysis in Cameroon on the roles played by men, women and youth in

beekeeping chains aided the formation of the small enterprise Guiding Hope. Today, it collaborates with over 1,000 producers and their households.

Body Shop began using Guiding Hope honey and wax in its products in 2010

Understanding threats to important tree species and formulating genetic conservation strategies

Conserving and characterizing high-quality germplasm of important tree crops and their wild relatives

Developing improved silvicultural, monitoring and management practices for multiple use

Developing tools and methods to resolve conflicts over distribution of benefits and resource rights

Management and conservation of forest and tree resources

Researchcomponent

Example of research: Bushmeat In rural areas of the Congo Basin, many communities

depend on wild meat hunted in forests for up to 80 percent of the fats and proteins in their diets.

Scientific field work in Congo Basin resulted in several articles and a 2008 synthesis monograph on the bushmeat crisis and creation of the Liaison Group on Bushmeat

Example of impact:Certification for

smallholders CIFOR assistance to the

Forestry Stewardship Council’s efforts to refine FSC standards for small-scale operations with prospective application in Brazil, Cameroon, and Mexico

Understanding drivers of forest transition Understanding the consequences of forest transition

for environmental services and livelihoods Learning landscapes: dynamics of multi-functionality

Environmental services and landscape managementResearchcomponent

Example of research: Tenure constraints on REDD

Competitiveness of REDD supply Bottleneck: Land tenure chaos

Unknown tenure 53%

Indigenous lands 9%

Agricultural settlements 10%

PA for sustainable use 9%

Community lands <1%

Registered properties 1%

Legend

CitiesRoadsState limitsWater

Sources: IBAMA, INCRA 2007, Soares-Filho et al. 2006

CIFOR analysis of tenure constraints to PES-based approaches to forest conservation in Brazil

Example of impact: Community forestry in Guinea

Research from a USAID-supported project in Guinea identified policy options to strengthen community forests as legal entities and practical options for agricultural intensification

Up to threefold increase in local incomes, and major expansion in natural vegetation cover

Harnessing forests, trees and agroforestry for climate change mitigation

Enhancing climate change adaptation Understanding synergies between climate change

mitigation and adaptation

Climate change adaptation and mitigationResearchcomponent

Example of research:Carbon in mangroves

New finding: Surprisingly large amounts of carbon stored in mangrove forests, especially below ground

Mangrove photo

Example of impact:Ecosystem-based adaptation

Joint CIFOR-CATIE research on tropical forests and climate change adaptation in Honduras influenced the design of one of the first projects ever approved by the UNFCCC’s Adaptation Fund Board

Understanding the processes and impacts of forest-related trade and investment

Enhancing responses and policy options to mitigate the negative impacts and enhance the positive impacts of trade and investment

Impacts of trade and investment on forests and peopleResearchcomponent

Example of research:Implications of biodiesel-induced land-use changes

Direct and/or indirect land-use changes from cultivation of feedstocks cause can emissions due to carbon losses in soils and biomass

In the different case studies explored for this analysis, the largest carbon debt is created by oil palm followed by jatropha and soybean

Carbon debt due to direct (dLUC) and indirect land-use change (iLUC) expressed in terms of both carbon and CO2-eq

Note: (1) represent the low iLUC scenario , and (2) constitutes the most conservative estimate

Example of impact: Forest industryResearch on Indonesia’s pulp and paper industry helped avert the loss of 135,000 hectares of natural tropical rainforest, valued at $133 million in avoided carbon emissions

Better nutrition through safe drinking water – the case of Jakarta (this is also forestry!)

Political Processes: Focused but Fragmented

Maintaining biological diversity Conservation Sustainable use

Mitigating and adapting to climate change Rural communities Land-based sectors

Food security aspirations Nutrition and health Climate-smart

agriculture and food systems

MDG Post-2015 development agenda Poverty reduction Sustainable

Development Goals

Green economy Return on

investments in a green economy

Improved livelihoods

The forestry/landscapes “Big 5”

Scale

Gov

erna

nce

form

aliz

ation

Private farms, forests

Districts, Provinces,

Major cities

Communal land

Biosphere reserves,

Model forests

Countries

Municipalities

Producer cooperatives

GlobalLocal

Informal

FormalCorporations

Protected areas

Defining Landscapes: “Places with governance in place”

Earth

Land-related international conventions

Major watersheds

Public forests

Are landscapes important?1. Livelihood for billions of people

2. Production of all our food – and other renewable products (wood, non-wood)

3. Source of 1/3 of greenhouse gas emissions (land use)

4. Home to all terrestrial biodiversity

5. Cornerstone in a green economy

Yes. They are important. Very important.

But: How are the above 5 topics dealt with?

The landscape as a framework

Landscapes are essential for future we want.

34

12 Fragmentation of sectors and political

processes hinder us.

Landscapes approach creates synergies and manages trade-offs.

People on the ground are in charge.

Private finance is essential to the solutions.5

New Vision?

A planet with sustainable landscapes.

Impact pathways

Engagement with policy makers

Engagement with practitionersCIFOR hosted and contributed to more than 20 conferences and workshops in 2013 that involved civil society and business representatives

Sustainable Forest Management in Central Africa (above, May 2013) Fires, Haze and Landscape Workshop (January 2014) Forests Asia Summit (May 2014)

Capacity building: Example from the DRC

Survey in 2005 found less than 10 active researchers in DRC - a country that represent 60% of the Congo Basin’s forests

Project at the University of Kisangani: 35 MSc students trained; 25 PhDs ongoing

Separate project in Congo Basin on climate change adaptation trained 40 MSc students

Web-based Combines with traditional

outreach Demand driven Tailored to stakeholders Shared platforms and

content with partners Constant monitoring,

review, adaptation

Communications

CIFOROutput

Knowledge

sharing

Knowledge

sharing

Knowledgesharing

Impact

Impact

Impact

CIFOR Research

CIFOR’s communications model

Web-based outreach

Page views of Forests News(now 40,000+ per month avg)

REDD+ website in Bahasa Indonesiawww.redd-indonesia.org

109,892 publications downloaded since launch in April 2011

Integrated with traditional outreach

Global Landscapes ForumWarsaw, 16-17 November 2013 – at COP19

• A Landscapes Approach to inform: • Climate Change agreements and actions• Sustainable Development Goals

• Agriculture & Forestry together — more than 1200 participants• 4 themes:

• Investment• Governance • Climate change adaptation & mitigation• Food and nutrition

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