Water scarcity

SCIENCE EXHIBITION

BY RAHUL.MS

XI-A3AVRS

PRESENT DAY ISSUE OF

WATER SCARCITY in the world

AND

METHODS OF CONSERVATION

TOPIC OF THE ASSIGNMENT:-

WATER SCARCITY

Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient

available water resources to meet the

demands of water usage within a region.

It currently affects around 2.8 billion people

around the world, on all continents, at least

one month out of every year and more than

1.2 billion people lack the access to clean

drinking water.

 Water scarcity can be a result of two mechanisms:

◦ Physical water scarcity&

◦ Economic water scarcity where physical water scarcity is a result of inadequate natural water resources to supply a region's demand, and economic water scarcity is a result of poor management of the sufficient available water resources

ISSUE OF WATER SCARCITY in India

As a country that receives copious rain, water scarcity in India is mainly attributed to human factors such as:

India's population have steadily risen since independence. Absence of comprehensive family planning, and lack of education, spurred this. This in turn has increased the demand for water. But, no government has so far been able to equate the difference of water distribution - more than 50% of the country's population lack access to safe drinking water.

Corruption and lack of planning and coordination are also blamed as factors of water scarcity in India. Many projects to supply safe drinking water are often stuck in red tape.

More than 80% of water needs of the country is met by exploiting the ground water resources of India. This has aggravated the depletion of water table, and led to an unprecedented water shortage.

Per Capita Water Availability in INDIA

The per capita availability of water in the

country is 1545 cubic meters as per

the  2011 CENSUS. The average annual per

capita availability of water in the country,

taking into consideration the population of

the country as per the 2001 census, was

1816 cubic meters which reduced to 1545

cubic meters as per the 2011 census,

denoting that the per capita water

availability in the country is reducing

progressively due to increase in population.

Also there are reports that

demand for water in India would

rise dramatically to about 833

cubic kilometers in 2025 and 899

cubic kilometers in 2050 due to

increase in population, rapid

urbanization and a growing GDP

with significant lifestyle changes.

Situations of present day India ????

FUTURE OF India AFTER SOME DECADES

PICTURE OF A RAILWAY BRIDGE AFTER SOME DECADES !!!!!!!

PICTURE OF OUSTERI LAKE (PUDUCHERRY) AFTER SOME DECADES !!!!!!!! {MINDBLOWING…. }

MAP SHOWING THE STATES HIT BY WATER SCARCITY

ISN’T THERE ANY WAY TO SOLVE THIS PROBLEM ??????

Well, there is a solution always to resolve these problems ◦to save our future from getting

destroyed and give to our children………

We can act upon it smartly and quickly for the future.

Government and NGO’s are already in action and have taken steps to prevent this situation.

COUNTER MEASURES FOR THIS WASTAGE OF WATER

Community led initiatives

Government led initiatives

◦National Water Mission

◦Exploitation of Ground water

Rainwater harvesting

Farm ponds

Community led initiatives

 With support from government and UNICEF,

villagers in Palve Budruk, located in the

drought-prone Parner Block in Ahmednagar

district of Maharashtra, developed a

catchment plan covering 1,400 hectors –

that’s over 80% of the land available. The

system has three check dams, 20 canal

bunds, two small percolation tanks linked to

the main tank and 19 village ponds.

Government led

initiativesNational Water MissionThe Mission Document for National

Water Mission was drafted by the Ministry of Water Resources through consultative process with full involvement of State Governments, concerned Central Ministries, Non-Governmental Organizations, academicians and other stakeholders. 

FIVE GOALS IDENTIFIED IN THE NATIONAL WATER MISSION ARE:-

Comprehensive water data base in public domain and

assessment of the impact of climate change on water

resources;

Promotion of citizen and state actions for water

conservation, augmentation and preservation;

Focused attention to vulnerable areas including over-

exploited areas;

Increasing water use efficiency by 20%;

Promotion of basin level integrated water resources

management.

EXPLOITATION OF GROUND WATER

The  Central Ground Water Authority  (CGWA) has notified 82

areas (Districts, Blocks, Mandals, Talukas, Municipalities) for

regulation of ground water development. In these areas,

installation of new ground water abstraction structures is not

permitted without prior specific approval of the Authority /

Authorized officer. Moreover, proposals for setting up/expansion

of ground water based industries including bottled water

manufacturing units are forwarded by State Pollution Control

Boards and Bureau of Indian Standards to CGWA for seeking No

Objection Certificate (NOC) for ground water withdrawal.

TWO STEPS TAKES FOR EXPLOITATION OF GROUND

WATER Rainwater harvesting - Rain water is

accumulated and used for ground water

recharge. This increases the ground water

availability.

Farm pond - Farm ponds are constructed near

the farming field. The rain water which runs

off the ground are collected by these ponds.

These ponds helps agriculture in dry lands.

CONCLUSION OF THE ASSIGNMENT

STEPS OF SAVING CAN BE STARTED FROM US TO CHANGE THE WORLD

THANK YOU FOR CO-OPERATING WITH THE SLIDE

SHOW. THANK YOU !!!!!!!!!