Water Pollution and its control through biotechnology

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WATER POLLUTION AND

ITS CONTROL THROUGH BIOTECHNOLOGY

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SYNOPSIS

Introduction

Sources of water pollution

Types of water pollution

Effects of water pollution

Control of water pollution through biotechnology 2

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INTRODUCTION :

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies. Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water and the effect is damaging the natural biological communities.

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SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION:- Point source Non–point sources

TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION

Physical pollutionChemical pollutionBiological pollution Ground water pollutionSurface water pollution

(N.B. Singh and www.wikipedia.com 4

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EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION

Organic matter, heavy metals from industrial processes are toxic to marine life such as fish and shellfish, and subsequently to the humans who eat them.

Microbial pollutants from sewage often result in infectious diseases that infect aquatic life and terrestrial life through drinking water.

Eutrophication.

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Control of water pollution through biotechnology

Methods of waste water treatment (www.wikipedia.com) 6

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Biotechnological control of water pollution includes two process

Aerobic treatment e.g., Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium & algae-chlorella.

Anaerobic treatment e.g., Peptococcus anaerobus, Escherichia coli, Methanobacterium, Methanococcus

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Aerobic treatment:-

Aerobic process can be categorized in two types:-

i. Suspended growth system Suspended growth system includes

Activated sludge Oxidation ditches Oxidation pond

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ii. Attached growth system

Attached growth system includes

Trickling filters Rotating biological contactor

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i. Suspended growth system

Activated sludge treatment process:-

Fig:-Sludge treatment process (www.wikipedia.com)

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Oxidation ditch:-

Fig:-Oxidation ditch11

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Oxidation Ponds:-

Fig:- Aerobic oxidation pond (www.wikipedia.com)

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b. Attached growth system Trickling filters:-

Fig:-Trickling filter (U. Satyanarayan) 13

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Rotating biological contactor

Fig:-a. Rotating biological contactor b. A single disc 14(U. Satyanarayan)

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When an oil spill occurs, some of the bacteria can use it as new energy source and become the most numerous, there even may be some evolution of other bacteria that allows recessive oil eating ability to become more dominant. Some clean-up experts like to dose the area to be treated with activated sludge (concentrated bacterial colonies) from industrial waste water treatment systems that have been treating oily waste.

Fig:- superbeg(www.wikipedia.com)

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Anaerobic treatment:-

Anaerobic process is carried out in specially designed reactors.

The treatment process consists of mixing of sewage with recycled sludge solids and then digestion under anaerobic conditions.

After the digestion is complete the supernatant effluent is discharged and the settled sludge is recycled.

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MICROBIOLOGY OF ANAEROBIC WASTE WATER TREATMENT:

Fig:-Degradation of organic materials in anaerobic digestion

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It is also of two types:-

i. Attached growth system Up flow anaerobic sludge blanket digestion Anaerobic filter process

ii. Suspended growth system Anaerobic contact DigesterSeptic tankImhoff tank.

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a. Attached growth process Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket digestion (USAB)

Fig:-UASB reactor (www.wikipedia.com)

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ANAEROBIC FILTER PROCESS

Fig -ANAEROBIC FILTER PROCESS (N.B. Singh) 20

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SUSPENDED GROWTH PROCESS Anaerobic contact Digester

Fig:-ANEROBIC CONTACT DIGESTER 21(N.B. Singh)

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Two other types of Digester are:-Septic tank Imhoff tank.

Fig:- septic tank 22(N.B. Singh)