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Waste Agricultural Biomass for Energy: Resource conservation and GHG Emission Reduction

International Sub Regional Workshop- South Asia Page 1

Output XI:

Report on

International Sub Regional Workshop- South Asia

November 12th to 14th, 2013


CONTENTS

ChapterSub

ChapterTitle Page

1 Introduction and Background: 5

2 Conduct and Proceedings of the workshop 6

2.1 Inaugural session 6

2.2 Presentation by the participants 9

2.2.1 Capacity Building 9

2.2.2 Methodology for assessment of WAB in India 9

2.2.3Methodology for Technology Assessment and selection of

appropriate technology10

2.2.4 Policy Analysis 11

2.2.5 Experiences of implementing technology 13

2.2.6 Presentation of a live implemented Indian case 13

2.2.7 Presentation by technology supplier 21

2.2.8 Private Public Partnership (PPP) model 24

2.2.9 Presentation of project on WAB2E in Cambodia 26

2.3 Presentation of country papers 32

2.3.1 Bangladesh: 32

2.3.2 Bhutan: 37

2.3.3 Nepal 39

2.3.4 Sri Lanka 42

2.3.5 SACEP’s initiatives and programmes 45

2.3.6Presentation by new Technology developer: M/s BGCT.

K.K. of Japan50

3 Plenary Session: 53

3.1The drivers to support conversion of WAB2E in the sub

region53

3.2 Barriers hindering WAB2E in sub region 54

3.3 Enabling measures to overcome barriers 55

3.4 Vision and main elements of natural and regional strategy to

enhance WAB2E56

3.5 Main action areas 56



3.6Support from organization like UNEP-IETC for greater

implementation of WAB2E in the region.57

4 Closing of workshop: 57

5 Visit to Starlit Power Systems Limited. 58

Table of Pictures

Picture 2.1-a Participating delegates of the workshop 6Picture 2.1-b Inaugural session 7Picture 2.1-c Plenary session 7Picture 2.1-d Presentation of India Project 8Picture 2.1-e Implemented case study 8Picture 2.2.6-a Generic flow diagram of the process 15Picture 2.2.6-b Schematic diagram of the plant 16Picture 2.2.6-c Unloading of used batteries 16Picture 2.2.6-d Internal safe handling of the used batteries 17Picture 2.2.6-e Battery breaking machine 17Picture 2.2.6-f 180 T WAB gasifier to produce 450 NM3 of producer gas/hr. 18Picture 2.2.6-g Gas flame at the inlet to the rotary kiln 19Picture 2.2.6-h Rotary kiln for reduction process 19Picture 2.3.5 Organogram of SACEP 46Picture 5-a Briefing session 58Picture 5-b Entrance to gasifier block 58Picture 5-c In side the gasifier plant 59Picture 5-d Gasifier units assembly at a glance 59Picture 5-e The process byproduct: Charcoal 60

Table of Tables

Table 2.2.6 Thermal energy needs of the processes 20Table 2.3.6 Thermal capacity comparison between Coal and RPPWF 51

Table of Graphs

Graph 2.3.6 Emissions comparison between Green Coal and other conventional fuels

52

Table of Annexures

Annexure-1 Schedule of workshop 61Annexure-2 List of Participants 63



1: Introduction and Background:

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), DTI-IETC, has assigned a project to

Birla Institue of Management Technology, (BIMTECH) under the project code MOD# 12-29-

11013, titled “Waste Agricultural Biomass for Energy: Resource conservation and GHG

Emission Reduction”

As a part of the SSFA terms, a sub regional knowledge dissemination workshop was planned to

be organized for the South Asian countries comprising India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan,

Bangladesh and SriLanka. It was felt necessary that all the members working in region should

share their experiences with undertaking similar exercises and learn from each others

experiences.

A three days dissemination workshop was thus planned to be conducted , and the same was

done during the 12th to 14th November 2013, in Greater Noida, New Capital Region (NCR)

Delhi.

The workshop was organized for the professionals working in the area of development of

renewable energy sources, with particular emphasis on use of Waste Agricultural Biomass

(WAB) for energy. A total of 31 participants attended the workshop.

The schedule of the workshop is provided in Annexure-1.

The list of participants in the workshop is provided in Annexure-2.



2 Conduct and Proceedings of the workshop

2.1 Inaugural session

During the two days of the proceedings, the delegates presented their views and findings about

the relevant works in their respective countries and organisations.

Professor K. R. Chari welcomed the gathering and provided the background to the sub regional

workshop. The major events during the workshop are listed here below.

Mr. Surendra Shrestha, Director, UNEP International Environmental Technology Centre (UNEP

IETC) started the session with the opening remarks and briefed the participants about the

objectives and activities of the UNEP-IETC-DTIE.

Dr. H. Chaturvedi, Director, Birla Institute of Management Technology, India, in his inaugural

address briefed the participants about the structure of the India project.

Mr. Surya Prakash Chandak, Senior Programme Officer, UNEP IETC spoke about the detailed

structure of the project and the expectations from the project and also from the workshop.

The following pictures 2.1-a through 2.1-e show some important events of the workshop.

Picture 2.1-a: Participating delegates of the workshop



Picture 2.1-b: Inaugural session with Mr. Surendra Shreshtha, Director – UNEP-IETC and Dr.

H. Chaturvedi, Director BIMTECH

Picture 2.1-c: Plenary session being moderated by Mr. Surya Prakash Chandak, Senior

Programme Officer, UNEP-IETC-DTIE – Osaka- Japan



Picture 2.1-d: Presentation of India Project by Prof. K. R. Chari Birla Institute of Management

Technology: Team Leader

Picture 2.1-e: Mr. Yogesh Gupta, Chief Executive Officer, M/s StarLit Power Systems Ltd.

presenting the implemented case study to the delegates.



2.2 Presentation by the participants

2.2.1 Capacity Building

Prof. K. R. Chari, India Project team leader, Chief Proctor and Chairperson: Center for

Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development, BIMTECH addressed the gathering and shared

the information about the exercise of Capacity building in the project.

Coverage of the paper:

The details of the five workshops conducted during the course of the project were as below:

Workshop 1: Classification and Characterisation of WAB

Workshop 2: Technologies for conversion of biomass to energy

Workshop 3: Workshop on SAT methodology

Workshop 4: Awareness workshop on Policies for conversion of WAB2E

Workshop 5: Awareness generation workshop on Technologies for conversion of WAB2E

2.2.2 Methodology for assessment of WAB in India

Ms. Shiffia Mittal and Mr. Amit Arora, team members of India project covered the process and

methodology adopted for Assessment of waste agricultural biomass in India.

The major sources of information were the Indiastat and Ministry of New and Renewable

Energy web sites. As both of these sites are maintained by the governmental machinery and

updated information is available, it was felt authentic source.

The other major points covered were as below.

Crop residue generation in india Every year Crop residue generation: 500 MT( MNRE 2009)

Usage of crop residue depend on: Cropping intensity Productivity Crop grown in different States State wise Crop residue generation:

o U.P (60 MT)o Punjab (51 MT)o Maharashtra (46 MT)

Specific crop wise generation of agricultural residues at all India level

The study did not cover and excluded Wheat & Paddy residue as they are already being used

for power generation and other applications.



Many other minor crops with negligible share are not considered because there were no specific

technologies for the very thinly distributed residues.

However, such minor residues are always used in combination with other crops residue

Surplus biomass generation in india

The estimated total crop residue surplus in India is 84-141 Mt/yr where cereals and fibre crops

contribute 58% and 23%, respectively.

Remaining 19% is from sugarcane, pulses, oilseeds and other crops. Out of 82 Mt surplus

residues from the cereal crops, 44 Mt is from rice followed by 24.5 Mt of wheat which is

mostly burnt in fields.

In case of fiber crops (33 Mt of surplus residue) approximately 80% is cotton residue that is

subjected to burning.

Surplus biomass after conventional use

The amount of crop residue, which does not have any identifiable end use; is either left in the

fields to rot or is burnt away, is termed as Surplus Biomass.

Sometimes a very little part of such residues are used to meet household energy needs by

farmers.

State wise estimation of surplus waste agriculture biomass (agro kharif data-2004)

Top performing states in terms of mtoe of biomass

The potential of using WAB is equivalent of about 25.47 (15.19 for Kharif and 10.28 for Rabi)

MTOE in India. Considering the fact that the annual oil consumption in India is of the order of

about 168 Million Tonnes, the WAB offers a scope to reduce the oil requirement by about 15%.

2.2.3 Methodology for Technology Assessment and selection of appropriate technology

Following this, Prof. K. R. Chari covered the methodology adopted by the team for Technology

Assessment and selection of appropriate technology for India project.

The case of the implemented technology is covered in the presentation by Mr. Yogesh Gupta,

CEO of M/s StarLit Power Systems Ltd. in this report.



2.2.4 Policy Analysis

Ms. Sunayna Sehgal presented the Policy Analysis for promoting conversion of waste

agricultural biomass in India. The main points covered in the presentation are as under.

An analysis of the energy scenario in the country starting the year 1970

• Energy crisis of 1970

• Focus shifting on WAB2E

• Success rate of WAB2E projects and initiatives.

Institutional Framework

• Ministry of New & Renewable Energy

• National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPC)

Analysis of Policy Development

Main Issues

The 5 major thrust areas in the policy statements

• Efficiency

• Supply

• Quality

• Technologies

• Institutional support

Shift in perspective

• Market instruments

• Market pull

• Private sector

Analysis of Foreign Investment Policy

• Provisions for Joint Ventures for financial/ technical collaboration

• Automatic approval for up to 100% foreign equity participation

• BOOT- Build, Own, Operate, Transfer

• Set up of Liaison offices across the country



Gaps and Inadequacies in the policy

1) Uncertain economic viability of biomass to energy projects

2) Irrational incentive schemes for biomass to energy projects

3) Preference to large size biomass to energy projects

4) Applications of same environment & land use related regulations

5) Lack of emphasis on technology research and development

6) Location of biomass to energy plants

Challenges

• Government policy

• Defragmented nature of agricultural land

• Transportation cost

Proposed National Strategy for Enhancing Conversion Of Waste Agricultural Biomass

Into Energy

Vision:

Utilize at least 50% of waste agricultural biomass as a source of energy by 2025 and at least

70% by 2030 by building requisite infrastructure and development of human resources.

Target: By 2035, energy generation from waste agricultural biomass reaches 35,000 MW

Period of strategy implementation: 2014-2035.

Supports/ complements the Renewable Energy Policy and the NAPC

Elements of Strategy

1) Comprehensive data base on availability of waste agricultural biomass

• Current database only up to the year 2004

2) Enable sustainable and affordable supply of waste agricultural biomass to points of

application

• Make available WAB in urban & industrial areas

3) Technology modernisation

• Ownership, management & quality

4) Price regulation of waste agricultural biomass

• Biomass tariff policy

5) Fiscal Incentives International Sub Regional Workshop- South Asia Page 11


• Income tax holiday, customs/excise duty exemption etc.

6) Awareness raising

7) Capacity Building

Implementation & Delivery Mechanism

The Learnings

1) Integration of various provisions in different policies needed. At present, there is no

direct and simple link visible.

2) There are no specific and exclusive policies for WAB2E.

3) Different interpretations by different state agencies of common Centre- issued directives

2.2.5 Experiences of implementing technology

Prof. K. R. Chari shared the experience of implementing technology for converting waste

agricultural biomass into energy.

The most noteworthy of the experiences were;

o Difficulty in convincing entrepreneurs about the usefulness of WAB2E technologies.

o Difficulty in liaisoning between various central and state government ministries and

nodal agencies.

o Bridging the gap between the technology suppliers and the users.

o Too frequent needs for physical movement for logistics requirements for the project.

2.2.6 Presentation of a live implemented Indian case

Mr. Yogesh Gupta, CEO, Starlit Power Systems Ltd., Sohna, Haryana – India, shared the

success story of implementing the WAB2E technology in their company. He mentioned that the

company has implemented a Biomass gasifier in place of the existing diesel oil based heating

furnace. He also shared the details of the financial gains and technology feasibility with the

participants.

The major points of the coverage were as under.

The company undertakes Smelting of Lead Scrap and Refining of Lead using producer gas

generated from captive Biomass Gasified Plant.

M/s Starlit Power Systems Ltd., is an ISO 9001/14001 certified company, engaged in

Battery/Lead Scrap Smelting, Lead Refining & Alloying, Manufacturing of Lead Oxides and

International Trading

The company is committed to offer cost effective and quality products to service the needs of

battery and secondary power industry.



The plant is equipped with modern machinery and state-of-the-art Pollution Control equipment.

The installed capacity of the plant for Lead Refining & Alloying is 20,000 MT/Yr

The installed capacity of Battery / Lead Scrap Smelting is 15,000 MT

The plant has an in-house testing laboratory with latest and state of art instruments for

production and quality control.

Recycling of Lead through Smelting of Rejected Lead Acid Batteries and Lead Scrap etc is

endowed with several merits such as :

Conservation of natural resources

Savings in energy and

As a solutions to waste disposal problem

However, the outlook of recycling or smelting of lead varies from country to country and this

process has gone through several technological innovations over the years.

Despite several advantages, smelting is still not free from Environmental Pollution and needs

sustained efforts to overcome not only the problems of environmental pollution but also day to

day problems being faced by the recyclers in developing countries like India:

The Scale of Operations :

Unlike developed nations, the scale of operation is quite small

Efficient Recovery of lead:

It is a major challenge as it is single most important factor which governs the commercial

viability

Compliance of Law of the Land:

Unlike past, there are stringent laws to control the pollution and emphasis is now to adopt waste

minimisation measures and cleaner technologies

Appropriate Level of Investment:

There is need to make adequate investment to make the process environmental laws compliant,

improve recovery, reduce labour intensive operations etc.

Pictures 2.2.6-a through 2.2.6-e show the approach and stages of the used battery handling

process.



Picture 2.2.6-a: Generic flow diagram of the process


Gray Oxide

Smelting

Refined LeadFor Grey oxide & Red Lead

INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Red Lead

Battery/Lead Scrap

Ball Mill process

Refining & alloying

Lead Alloys


Picture 2.2.6-b: Schematic diagram of the plant

Picture 2.2.6-c: Unloading of used batteries



Picture 2.2.6-d: Internal safe handling of the used batteries

Picture 2.2.6-e: Battery breaking machine

Use of Cleaner Fuel – Producer Gas

Earlier HSDO was used as fuel in all thermal operations, though it is cleaner fuel as compared

to Furnace oil, yet replaced with producer gas

Producer gas is generated in captive Biomass gas generation plant. Pictures 2.2.6-f through

2.2.6-h show different major components of the gasifier installation.



Picture 2.2.6-f: Installation of 180 T WAB gasifier to produce 450 NM3 of producer gas/hr.



Picture 2.2.6-g: Gas flame at the inlet to the rotary kiln

The installed plant uses the biomass at 180 kg/hr which replace more than 45 ltrs. of HSDO per

hour. The Technology is approved by Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, Govt. of India

and TERI.

The installed gas pipe line directly feeds the rotary burner.

Picture 2.2.6-h: Rotary kiln for reduction process



The plant has a set of four heat consuming equipment viz:

i- Melting and refining furnace,

ii- Melting and alloying furnace,

iii- Oxidation furnace and

iv- Reduction Rotary Furnace.

The thermal energy needs of the company

The heating needs of the various operations have been assessed based upon the following

practical considerations, viz:

- Thermal efficiency of the furnace as 50%

- 1,050 KCal/cubic meter of gas (1,000 to 1,100 KCal per Kg of biomass) and

- 1 Kg of biomass gives 2.5 cubic meters of gas, or 2,500 Kcal/Kg. of Biomass.

- That process would need heat energy only in any two of the processes at a time.

Table 2.2.6 provides the details of the needed thermal energy.

Table 2.2.6: Thermal energy needs of the processes

Heat requiring process

Thermal energy requirement in KCal/Hr

HSD Requirement in Ltrs./Hr *

Agrowaste requirement in Kgs./Hr **

A Refining furnace 1,00,000 20 80B Alloying furnace 1,00,000 20 80C Oxidation furnace 50,000 10 40D Reduction furnace 1,75,000 35 140

4,25,000 85 340 ***

The combinations could be any two of above four operations as per process requirement

Sizing of the gasifier plant

Based upon the above mentioned considerations, it was decided to install a 540 KWt equivalent

gasifier (approximately 180 Kgs./Hr of WAB) was installed.

The gasifier unit was commissioned during March/April 2013.

The operating constraints and issues:

Mr Gupta mentioned that the journey was not very smooth and without any problems. As is

common with any such technology, the management faced many teething troubles during the

stabilisation of the plant.

Initially, the gasifier was commissioned and operationalised with dual fuel mode diesel

generator system. The initial one month of time was spent in trying to sort out the teething

troubles, primarily in the area of stabilized electricity generation capacity and that of the tar International Sub Regional Workshop- South Asia Page 19


removal. However, the generator set could not be operated continuously due to excessive tar in

the gas. This resulted in to very frequent stoppages and the DG Set was getting heated even at

60 % of electrical load. The management had to take a hard and painful decision of

discontinuing with the power generation options, but however, decided to continue with the

thermal energy generation route.

While still waiting to identify an appropriate WAB briquetting plant, the company started with

using waste woody biomass with shrubs trunks, saw mill leftovers and plant stem bio products.

For the process of smelting, which is a chemical reduction process, the Oxygen in the product

is removed by burning carbon in an oxygen starved reducing atmosphere.

For this purpose, the company was buying raw charcoal from the open market at an average

price of Rs. 18,000 per metric ton. However, with the induction of the gasifier, the char

produced during the gasification process was found useful. This could replace some part of the

bought out charcoal.

The production of the char is of the order of about 30% by weight of the biomass input.

With it’s production capacity, the company can generate about 40 Metric Tonnes of the char

annually (based on an average 80% capacity utilization), which is equivalent of about Rs.

720,000 per year (12,000 to 14,000 US$).

This emerged as an added bonus from the technology choice.

The company realizes that in today’s challenging and competitive environment, it is necessary

to make lead smelting more economical and environment friendly. The process of change is a

continuous activity in the company. Some measures are implemented, and they believe that a

lot more is still needed to be evolved and implemented.

2.2.7 Presentation by technology supplier

The above presentation was followed by the presentation by Mr. Arshad Rana, General

Manager, M/s Chanderpur Industries Limited, Yamunanagar, Haryana State, India. M/s

Chanderpur Industries Limited are the technology providers to M/s StarLit Power Systems Ltd.

During the presentation, Mr. Rana highlighted the need for WAB2E projects and various

projects implemented by the company.



The main features of the presentation were as under.

The Program is aimed at accelerated dissemination of thermal biomass gasifiers in MSME’s in

the country. Biomass Gasifiers is a viable alternative to replace the fossil fuel based products

like LPG, Furnace oil, LDO & other petro fuels or Coal.

On one side prices of Diesel / Gasoline are increasing rapidly & on another hand these are

destroying the environment & are a major cause of global warming. In the present condition a

gasifier technology has a comparatively very quick payback period of one to two years,

depending upon the present fuel being used & availability of the biomass.

Besides economical viability, use of gasifiers have other benefits such as :-

Environment friendly-

Zero Effluent, No Air Emission, No solid waste, No Noise Pollution

User friendly-

Gas contains Zero Sulphur, Zero Ash, No Tar, Extremely Clean Gas, so better quality product.

Simple to operate & practically almost no maintenance.

The technology is proven

These systems basically convert woody biomass /agricultural wastes like rice-husk,

coconut waste etc. into a combustible gas which can be used in a number of ways:

The generated gas can be;

Burnt like a convenient gaseous fuel through appropriate burners in case of thermal

applications.

Fed into diesel engines (C.I. Engines) to save up to 65 to 75% of the normal diesel

consumption, and,

Fed into gasoline engines (S.I. Engines) to replace 100 % natural gasoline etc.

The Technology which indeed benefits MSME, rural poor and the industrial sector has come

and it benefits on regular basis and is understood easily by every day users, whether it is a Farm

or House, industry or a Factory

Different types of gasifiers manufactured:

Updraft Gasifier---( wood or coal etc.)

Downdraft Gasifier– (solid biomass like wood/ briquette & loose biomass like rice

husk/ wheat straw



Depending upon the peripheral equipment, the gas can be classified as Raw Gas , Clean Gas or

Extra clean Gas

Automation

The system is provided with fully automatic controls, based on PLC & SCADA to control

temperature, pressure & gas flow between gasifier & application, all operating devices &

Safety Devices.

Safety Devices

The system comprises all the needed safety measures & provides rupture disk, auto vent valve

& water seals at different points.

Free Training to Customers

In collaboration with The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), provides free training to the

customers to operate the plant smoothly & trouble free.

Free Energy Audit

The company, in collaboration with TERI provides free energy audit for the customers to aware

them regarding energy saving & make their system cost effective.

Zero Effluent

Almost Nil effluent . Total water is recycled and only makeup water is added. Excepting the water vapour, there is no other effluent or emissions.

Air Emission

Emission is only from gas generators/ furnace exhaust, which is cleaner than CNG engines and

fulfill all the statutory requirements

No solid waste

Un-burnt material (charcoal) coming from gasifier will be sold out in market. Tar is separated

from water and can be sold in the market

Noise Pollution

All the equipment used in the plant are designed in a way that they do not cause any noise

pollution.

Technology advantages over other fuels

The gas produced in the gasifier has the following salient features;

Zero Sulphur (Producer Gas is free from sulpur as biomass has no sulphur content).



Zero Ash (Ash Emission from the system only un-burnt material (charcoal) coming

from gasifier, which itself is a fuel).

No Tar (Tar is separated from gas by using Wet ESP and can be sold in the market)

Extra Clean Gas (Use of ESP, Chiller, Fine filter & fabric filter ensures the gas is extra

clean & is suitable for gas engines).

Low cost of energy

Low operating costs

Reduces GHG emissions

Improved combustion

Shorter Payback period

Improves and provides safe working environment

Reliable, continuous delivery of cost effective energy and reduces dependence on fossil

fuels

2.2.8 Private Public Partnership (PPP) model

Mr. Ateesh Samant, Chief Executive Officer, IL&FS Energy and IREL presented the Private

Public Partnership model being adopted by Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services – India.

IREL was promoted by IL&FS, with a mandate to develop, implement and operate

power projects in the renewable energy sector

IREL is currently associated with development and operations of projects in areas like

including mini-hydel, biomass including co-generation, waste to energy, wind energy

and solar

Wind Energy: Currently 403 MW of Wind Farms Projects are operational and an

aggregate of 625 MW is expected to be operational by end of calendar year 2013.

Aggregate capacity to reach 1000 MW in 2014

Biomass Energy: IREL currently has 105 MW of operational biomass/ bagasse based

projects

Solar Energy: IREL is currently developing 10 MW Solar Power Plant in Tamil Nadu

IREL has been engaged in developing Biomass based Projects through greenfield

development

Operational Projects in Bagasse Cogeneration:

36 MW Cogeneration Project of Urjankur Shree Datta Power Company Limited

(USDPCL) was setup adjacent to Shree Datta Sethkari Sahakari Sakhar

Karkhana Ltd



44 MW Cogeneration Project of Urjankur Shree Tatyasaheb Kore Warana Power

Company Limited (USTKWPCL) was setup adjacent to Shree Tatyasaheb Kore

Warana Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd

Operational Projects in Biomass Space:

Shendra Green Energy Ltd operates a 13 MW Biomass based power plant at Shendra

MIDC, in Aurangabad district, Maharashtra (erstwhile GAPS)

Punjab Biomass Power Limited (PBPL) operates a 12 MW Biomass based power plant

at Ghanour, in Patiala District, Punjab

The Cogeneration projects (USDPCL & USTKWPCL) were implemented with help of

Urjankur Nidhi Fund, that was established participation of the Government of

Maharashtra (GoM) and IL&FS, under a BOOT structure

Increased efficiency achieved with introduction of high pressure and temperature boiler

configuration – 110 kg/cm2 pressure and 545 oC. Triple Extraction cum condensing

turbines were utilised and Power evacuation was at extra high voltage levels (132 kV)

which reduced the transmission losses

Modernisation of the Sugar factory, leading to optimization of steam & power

consumption has enhanced cane crushing up to 15% - 20% as well as productivity. Part

of the gain due to this was distributed as royalty payments to the farmers based on per

ton of cane supplied

Challenges faced by IL & FS

Technical Issues:

The boiler was designed to burn cotton stalk. However initially, operations were

shifted to bagasse due to easier availability as compared to cotton stalk, which

reduced the efficiency of the boiler.

There were other problems encountered while operating the boiler (especially in

the travelling grate and combustion system) leading to frequent shutdowns

Fuel had to be cut before feeding to the boiler. Variable cost of using cutters

were high due to frequent replacement of blades. Hence manual fuel feeding

system was deployed which was less efficient

Non-perennial water source and drought effected the water supply to the power

plant thereby impacting operations

Mitigation



Fuel feeding system replaced during overhaul, modification undertaken in the

boiler by increasing the economiser area and travelling grate works to improve

the overall efficiency

Water cooled condenser proposed to be replaced with an air cooled condenser

Fuel Related Challenges

Prior to acquisition, main fuel was bagasse, procured through multiple traders

Variable cost was high due to the following reasons;

Large distance from the source /agro fields

Low density of bagasse increased the transportation cost

Alternate use of bagasse increased the demand and hence the price

Cartelisation of bagasse suppliers also led to upward surge in prices

Further, there was no established supply chain management. Since bagasse collection

window was only 3- 4 months, fuel had to be procured to run the off-season thereby fuel

storage issues like availability space, degradation of the fuel during rains and self

igniting fires during summers, etc.

Calorific value of bagasse is around 2200 kcal/kg where as biomass such as cotton stalk

(on which the boiler design was optimised) is around 3000 kcal /kg. Therefore, larger

volume of bagasse was required

Strategising Fuel Procurement & Management

Fuel

Region has abundant cotton stalk availability with no alternate use. Further the

farmers have to incur additional expenditure to burn the cotton stalk

Focus was shifted to make Cotton Stalk the main fuel and on collection of other

major agro residues in the area such as Maize Cob and soya husk etc. supported

by Bagasse

Supply Chain

Established a network of about 17 collection centers around 30-50 km radius

from the plant for collection of cotton stalk. Fuel was brought to the collection

centers

Development of dedicated infrastructure at these centers for weighing and spot

payments



Creating awareness amongst the farmers about availability of market for cotton

stalk through radio and participation in various agricultural exhibitions

encouraging them to come directly to the collection centers

Creation of Village Level Enterprises (VLEs)

Reducing dependency on intermediary / traders by involving about 60 Village

Level Entrepreneurs (VLEs) and local NGO’s (3 Nos) in fuel collection

Supply of cotton chipping machines to the VLEs and NGOs for processing of

cotton stalk

Establishing a transparent pricing mechanism for purchase of biomass

Providing financial support and buyback guarantees to the farmers

Key Results

25,000 MT of cotton stalk collected in first season in 2011 as against 3,000 MT in 2010

from a command area of about 22,000 acres of cotton field. The total biomass collection

was more than 70,000 MT as against 40,000 MT in 2010

Increased Operating Days thereby increased PLF to 60 -65%

Revenue increased by 45%

Saving in fuel cost: 10%

Extending the Relationship with Farmers

Creation of farmer groups

This season about 25 farmer groups have been formalised mainly for supply of

cotton stalk

Fund support through banks for providing cotton stalk processing equipment in

process

Expected to further reduce the cost of fuel and also increase collection of

biomass, besides enable establish direct relationship with the farmers

Power contributes to the local economy by increasing the productivity and has a

spillover impact (livelihood opportunities, promote industries, cold storage facilities,

etc)

Unlike solar or wind, a biomass power plant can act as a base load power plant

Biomass Power Plants can be set up as distributed power generators, located close to

the villages, due to nature of the fuel sourced

However for Biomass Power Plants to be successful, a symbiotic relationship has to

established between the Project and farmers



One approach to developing such a symbiotic relationship is by ensuring 24 x 7 power

supply to the command area from which fuel is procured for the Plant. This requires

developing islanding facilities

Socio Economic Benefits – Multiplier Effect

Some success in communicating the benefits of supply of cotton stalk to the Project to

the local villages about the

Self sustainability for small farmers, VLEs, Self Help Groups

Employment created for more than 4000 labours during the peak collection period

Additional revenue to cotton growing farmers that is especially helpful when cotton

prices are low

Additional support through social inclusion schemes - launched purified water supply

scheme in one of the Talukas in command area

Livelihood Generation

Parameter For a 12 MW Plant 25 GW capacity (potential in India)

Biomass Requirement per annum 130,000 MT 271 Mn Tonnes Cultivated area cleaned up 0.1 million acres 208 million acres Direct livelihood Generation per year (@ 6 mandays required to pluck and chip the cotton per acre)

0.6 million mandays in a period of 6 Months (i.e 3,333 labourers required per day)

1250 million mandays in a period of 6 Months (i.e 7 million labourers required per day))

Total income generation for the workers in the field (6 months period per annum @ Rs. 250 per day)

Rs 150 Mn (USD 2.4 Mn) per annum

Rs 312,500 Mn (USD 4,960 Mn) per annum

Additional Income to farmers (@ Rs. 1000 per MT)

Rs 130 Mn (USD 2.1 Mn) per annum

Rs 2,70,000 Mn (USD 4300 Mn) per annum

Entrepreneurial Opportunities

The Project created multiple entrepreneurial opportunities for rural youth

through their participation in the fuel supply

Environmental benefits

Agro wastes such as cotton stalk, paddy straw, juliflora had competing use and

the farmers faced immense challenge and additional cost in uprooting these

wastes to clear the fields for next cropping season

Burning these wastes results in pollution causing environmental hazards

Effective fuel management reduced these evils



A Biomass Power Project, instead of being looked as a Power Project, needs to be

looked as a Rural Infrastructure Project with significant multiplier benefits

2.2.9 Presentation of project on WAB2E in Cambodia

Mr. Nun Sophanna, Deputy Project Coordinator, National Cleaner Production Office-

Cambodia , presented the experiences and details of a similar project undertaken in Cambodia.

The project was funded by UNEP-IETC and UNIDO and was implemented by the National

Cleaner Production Office- Cambodia

Objective: To assist national Government to promote conversion of waste agricultural biomass

into energy through awareness raising, capacity building and demonstration projects.

The major steps in the project in Cambodia were:

Awareness Raising and Capacity Building,

Assessment of WAB Potential,

Technology Assessment and Case Study,

National strategy and policy

Awareness Raising and Capacity Building

Module 1 focusing on

Assessment of generation of waste agricultural biomass and Assessment of waste agricultural

biomass management system

Module 2 focusing on

Result and characterization of waste agricultural biomass for energy applications;


Biomass

Project

Farmers

Village

State

Spatial Impact:

Increasing Sphere of Influence


Overview of technologies for converting waste agricultural biomass into energy;

Sustainability assessment of technologies followed by group exercise on stakeholder

consultation in waste agricultural biomass project.

Business Opportunities for using Waste Agricultural Biomass as Source of Energy

Industrial Energy Efficiency by using technologies for converting waste agricultural

biomass into energy

Energy Use In the Country

Cambodia Power Sector Overview

Electricity demand growth 16%

Annual energy consumption per capita 190 kWh

Electrification 35% in 2011

Capacity supply 635 MW

National total Electricity supply: 2,675 GWh

Wood residue in Cambodia

Potential of energy from WAB in Cambodia based on data in 2011

Total of WAB potential in Cambodia is about 5.83 MTOe which the combination of crop

residue and wood residues.

Technology Assessment and Case Study of implemented technology at M/s Ly Ly Food

Industry Co., Ltd

SAT Methodology

Operational Level Assessment

Operational Level Assessment

Case study in

Company’s Products

In 2012-2013 the company was selected as a demonstration unit to implement and demonstrate

use of WAB to replace Diesel Oil in the production processes.

Technical support provided by project team and international energy experts.

The company has implemented 2 techno-economically viable options having good potential of

savings.

Captive Power Generation using WAB, and

Thermal energy for production centers viz:

o Replace D.O burner with biomass based one for all three Crisper MachinesInternational Sub Regional Workshop- South Asia Page 29


o Replace D.O deep fryers with biomass based one

The above steps have resulted in conservation of Reduction in cost of Energy & GHG

Emissions

Potential of energy from WAB in Cambodia based on data in 2011

Total of WAB potential in Cambodia is estimated at about 5.83 MTOe.

In 2011, Cambodia imported 1.6 MTOe into the country to meet the energy demand which is

27% of available WAB in the country.

The country’s own power generation is depending mainly on imported Heavy Fuel Oil (93%).

Hydropower and coal contribute with a bit more than 3% each, while biomass contributes less

than 1% to power generation.

Analysis of policies that influence conversion of waste agricultural biomass into energy

Towards this, the team had analysed the various provisions and details in the following

documents, viz:

o Agricultural sector strategic development plan 2006-10

o National Climate Change Policy in Cambodia

o National Sustainable Development Strategy (NSDS) for Cambodia

o National Policy on Green Growth

o National policy, strategy and action plan on energy efficiency in Cambodia

Proposed National Strategy for Enhancing Conversion of Waste Agricultural Biomass

into Energy

Vision

Utilize at least 50% of waste agricultural biomass as a source of energy by 2025 and at least

70% by 2030 by building requisite infrastructure and development of human resources.

Objectives

Establishment of efficient collection and transportation system for WAB

Development, promotion and wide-scale implementation of technologies to either convert

WAB directly into energy easily usable fuel

Raising awareness among all energy and fuel users to switch over from fossil fuels to fuels

derived from WAB

Building capacity.

Targets

o To convert at least:International Sub Regional Workshop- South Asia Page 30


o 4 million tons of agricultural residues,

o 0.7 million m3 of timber residues and

o 2.2 million tons of rubber wood residues into thermal or electrical energy.

Lesson Learnt from Project

There is need to strengthen the structure and capacity of NCPO-C.

WAB can play an important role in energy supply in Cambodia

Gap in existing policies could be identified that needed to be filled to enhance the WAB2E in

Cambodia

The demonstration project has helped in show casing the practicality of WAB2E technologies

and proved the benefits of WAB2E technology, which will encourage the replication and the

desired multiplier effect.

2.3 Presentation of country papers

The country papers were presented by five countries as detailed below.

2.3.1 Bangladesh:

Dr Abu Saleh Mostafa Kamal, Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, presented

the country paper.

In his presentation, Dr. Kamal covered;

o Status of generation of Waste Agricultural Biomass (WAB) in the country

o Types and Quantities of different WABs in various regions in Bangladesh

o Current practices of utilization of WAB in the country

o Estimates of surplus WAB and current practices of disposal

o Technologies for converting Waste Agricultural Biomass into energy that are available

and being used in the country

o Assessment of technology needs

o Analysis of relevant policies, barriers for conversion of WAB into energy, Identification

of different existence provisions and suggested strategy.

Lessons learnt from previous projects on WAB in the country

Support needed from international organizations like UNEP



Status of generation of waste agricultural biomass in the country;

Generation of Waste Agricultural Biomass (WAB):

Bangladesh is a tropical country and around 30 million tons of agricultural wastes are produced

per annum.

These plenty of waste agricultural biomass available in the rural areas are greatly used in

producing biogas to be used for cooking and lighting.

Though the elements used in biogas production conventionally are plenty in rural areas, the

energy consumption is very high in the urban areas.

Types and sources of WAB:

The major source of rural energy in Bangladesh is the biomass source which provides rice

straws, husks, saw dust, coconut shell, dung, twigs and leaves, sugarcane-bagasse, jute-sticks,

fire wood etc.

It is estimated that biomass fuel combustion in open air releases about 189.5 Gg methane gas,

2339.9 Gg of carbon monoxide gas, 2.38 Gg of N2O and 85.94 Gg of NOx gas.

The emission from agricultural residues contributed to about 59% of total emissions from

biomass energy combustion.

However, emission from biomass energy combustion has not been considered for carbon

dioxide emissions as these biomasses are fully regenerated through sequestration in the

vegetation.

Main Regions of WAB:

Bangladesh is an agricultural country with a total area of 147570 km2. There are 7

administrative divisions which divided into 30 agricultural zones. It can be considered as main

regions of Bangladesh.

Rice cultivation is the major agricultural activity in Bangladesh. Out of 14.4 million hectares

(Mha) of total land area, 58.2% is used for crop production while forest land occupies about

18% and about 2% is fallow.

The two categories constitute the total land area currently devoted to crops. Out of the total of

14.08 Mha harvested area (BBS, 1992) about 72% (i.e., about 10.2 Mha) is used for rice

cultivation in three distinct crop growing seasons in Bangladesh.

It should be mentioned here that all refuses are not waste as because of one stage may be taken

into other stages as main goods for use.



An estimated 0.44 Mm of other varieties of woods are also used/consumed in the country. In

addition to these forest, an estimated 18.143 Mm3 of bamboo biomass is consumed annually

Current practices of utilization of WAB in the Country

A common agricultural practice in rural areas of Bangladesh is, the WAB left in the fields after

each harvest. A fraction (there is no definite assessment of its quantitative significance) of the

biomass is mulched during the field preparation for the next crop and in some areas farmers

amass the dry biomass to make a small heap and set them afire, and spread the ash in the field

to maintain top soil fertility.

A portion of the above ground biomass used for making compost manure and kitchen-fuel

specially in the rural areas in all over the country.

Remain portions are used as the substrate for cultivating mushrooms, vermin-culture and bio-

gas production.

Estimates of surplus WAB and how it is disposed.

There is no estimated authentic data on surplus WAB of Bangladesh. This is to be noted here

that in case of Bangladesh the standard dumping methods are not practiced. In all cases

agricultural solid wastes (rotten fruits ,vegetables and its strips, saw dust, coconut shell, leaves

and branches, paper, cotton, cloths), including refuses from slaughter house, animal etcetera,

poultry drops and other organic substances are dumped in open air which inhibits anaerobic

decomposition of organic matters.

As regards the estimate of degradable organic compound (DOC), Dhaka City Corporation

(DCC) Bangladesh, reported a relatively high percentage (70%). The reason of this could be

that when data was collected with a long time- gap between waste collections and landfilling,

most of the recyclable materials like plastics, metals and other inorganics were picked up by

groups of Tokais (waste-pickers), who make a living out of such waste recycling. As a result,

the relative percentage of DOC was reported to be higher.

Hence, reference has been drawn, at this stage, from a pioneering work done in this direction by

a multi-disciplinary team of experts (published in July 1994 by German Cultural Centre,

Dhaka) entitled "Aspects of Solid Waste Management" specially with respect to the fraction of

DOC. This reference reports an average figure of 23% degradable organic carbon through a

somewhat more detailed chemical analysis of the refuse generated in Dhaka city (Ahmed, F.;

1994).

The literature revealed that the overall energy situation of Bangladesh in1990 (recommended

base year for the study) amounted to 763 PJ (PetaJoules). Of this, 264 PJ was supplied from International Sub Regional Workshop- South Asia Page 33


commercial or fossil fuel sources (natural gas, petroleum, coal and hydropower), the balance

499 PJ coming from biomass or traditional energy sources; agricultural residues, tree residues,

firewood and dung.

Technologies for converting WAB2E in the country.

In a word, Bangladesh has no modern technologies for converting WAB into energy, although

Bangladesh is has of biomass which has been used for extracting energy by burning directly or

used for producing biogas.

Animal excretion, mainly dung, available in the rural areas, is primarily used in producing

biogas to be used for cooking and lighting. Though the elements used in biogas production

conventionally are plenty in rural areas, the energy consumption is very high in the urban areas.

A few organizations are coming up with public private community approach in Bangladesh in

the recent time to take care of community problems. For an example, an NGO has initiated to

mediate with DCC and other public agencies as well as private sector players to provide land

and logistical support for implementation of the program and marketing of the recyclables and

the compost.

Assessment of technology needs.

The problem of WAB in Bangladesh is extremely alarming from the viewpoints of environment

and public health. It is well recognized that the WABs are fully biodegradable, Bangladesh is

lucky enough for producing more than 85 per cent organic biodegradable waste of total

municipal wastes.

Municipal waste with biodegradable properties is suitable for composting, biogas generation

and disposal in properly designed sanitary landfills. It gets absorbed in soil without causing

effect on the environment, provided it does not contain hazardous substances. In the long run it

achieves the same properties of soil and thus keeps producing flora and fauna on the top.

Moisture content in the waste is an important factor among the factors for the management and

treatment issues. The WAB of Bangladesh contains as high as 65 per cent moisture.

While adequate moisture in waste helps quicker fermentation and decomposition in the

composting process, higher moisture is not good for incineration as it takes more heat and

thermal energy to evaporate the inherent moisture.

The high moisture content factor is considered to be a decision making factor for choosing or

selecting appropriate technology. However, the carbon content and favorable calorific value is a

plus point for producing electrical energy from WAB during the course of incineration. International Sub Regional Workshop- South Asia Page 34


Composting of WAB is done in Bangladesh, though on a very limited scale. Experts find

favorable conditions in Bangladesh for the expansion of composting plants.

Bangladesh is also favorable for generating more biogas from landfills. Collection of gas for

producing energy from sanitary landfills in Bangladesh may be economically profitable if its

potentiality is harnessed with the aid of modern technology and management.

Bangladesh being a developing country, is working on applying any type of advanced

technology mainly due to complexities of waste and scarcity of suitable landfills; but is not in a

position to build, operate and maintain them. Although the modern incineration and plasma

technologies generate energy and heat during the process; which claims to compensate cost of

operation to a great extent, it is not economically affordable for Bangladesh,.

Analysis of relevant policies

The existing and current policies were analysed with a view to identify provisions which

promote conversion of WAB into energy.

Accordingly, some suggestions in the strategy have been made to enhance greater use of WAB

into energy. Policies and provisions are the legal instruments which play vital role in bringing

about changes in behavioral attitude of people in a democratic society.

About 24 statutory and strategy provisions are in place in Bangladesh, to directly or indirectly

deal with the matters. Of them the following laws are found related with the issues of WAB in

Bangladesh.

o The Penal Code, 1860

o The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898

o The Bengal Municipal Act, 1932

o The Factories Act, 1965

o The Shops and Establishment, 1965

o The Ordinance of City Corporation; The Paurashava Ordinance

o The National Environmental Policy, 1992

o The Industrial Act, 1932 and 1992

o Bangladesh Environmental Conservation Act, 1995 amended on 2010.

o EIA guide lines for Industries, 1997

o The Environment Court Act,2000, and

o National land use policy, agricultural policy and a few other minor acts.



One of many reasons that the municipal system of Bangladesh can very seldom apply legal

authority on violation of the existing laws on waste management is its weak foundation.

Bangladesh needs to amend and update the old policies, provisions, ordinances, acts and rules

to make it appropriate with new problems in relation to WAB.

Lessons learnt from previous projects on WAB in the country.

Dhaka city corporation (DCC) with financial and technical support of of JICA has launched

sanitary landfills at Matuail dumping ground, Dhaka for the first time in Bangladesh. With the

project we have learnt that the authority should have acquired expertise to keep the plant

running.

This kind of new economic activity in Bangladesh, however, requires government support for

selling the energy to the national grid or to other consumers at a reasonable price to help

survive the private investor.

Support needed from international organizations like UNEP

Bangladesh does not have any sanitary landfill or other modern machineries for hygienically

disposing waste. The ground treatment, design and engineering works are the preconditions to

carry out WAB disposal under sanitary landfills methods.

Sanitary landfills thus needs initial capital investment. Unfortunately no city corporation or

municipality authority in Bangladesh is financially capable to invest money from its own

source for any capital intensive program not to speak of sanitary landfills.

In such circumstance, UNEP may extend its unconditional or easy monetary support to

establish disposal machineries as deemed to be appropriate for Bangladesh.

UNEP can also arrange training for capacity building and create a notion for research, which

will ultimately give a motion to achieve the goal.

2.3.2 Bhutan:

The country paper of Bhutan was presented by Mr. Ugyen, National Project Manager, Planning

and Coordination Division, Department of Renewable Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs,

Government of Bhutan

The main coverage of the presentation is given as below.



Department of Renewable Energy: Bhutan

Vision:

Provision of diverse forms of green and renewable energy solutions and energy efficiency

options aimed at enhancing energy security and sustainable development of the country.

Mission:

To promote all forms of available and viable renewable energy resources and technologies from

supply side of energy chain through applied research, development, capacity building,

demonstration projects, and devising appropriate incentive schemes while actively embracing

energy conservation and efficiency measures from demand side of energy chain.

Biomass Resources

Agricultural waste:

o 8% of the country’s land is arable

o 70% of country’s population depend on agriculture in rural Bhutan,

o 18.5% of country’s GDP

Livestock Sector

o Estimated energy potential = 203 Million Joules/yr

o Theoretical Biogas production potential = 8.86 MNm3

o Forest Biomass

o More than 72% of the country’s land under forest cover,

o 527.5 million cubic meters of total growing forest stock

o 3.91 million tons or 849,437 cubic meters of annual sustainable forest yield

Current utilization of biomass

Animal Dung

o Generally used for preparation of organic manure,

o For cooking in higher altitudes where there is scarcity of firewood,

o 1600 family sized biogas initiatives underway under Bhutan Biogas Project funded by

ADB

Forest residues:

o Firewood for heating, cooking and in some instances – lighting,



o Dried leaves used for animal bedding,

o Briquettes/pellets as fuel for heating and lighting purposes in urban areas

o Biomass technologies in use

o Biogas technology for biogas production using animal dung,

o Wood briquetting technology,

o Improved cook stoves (Austrian technology)

o Biomass gasification – under study

Policy review

Alternative Renewable Energy Policy (AREP) was endorsed by the Government in 2013.

Clause 9.7 of AREP 2013 states that ‘use of waste as energy source for other process and

conversion of waste to energy will be evaluated.

Policy targets by 2025 for biomass:

o 5 MW of electricity generation,

o 3 MW equivalent of thermal energy generation

Lessons learnt

o Policy will play an instrumental role in shaping the future of renewable energy

technologies,

o Awareness and education programmes are very important to initiate any renewable

energy projects,

o Knowledge sharing and capacity building is necessary and should be stressed upon

o Consistent evaluation and monitoring of the programmes is necessary,

o Gender mainstreaming should be the stress area

o Areas of collaboration need to be identified

o Assessment of WAB resources should be carried out at national level

o Master plan for biomass resources need to be prepared

o Capacity building exercise should be initiated at the national level

o Knowledge and information should be disseminated through workshops, seminars and

training programmes

o Pilot and demonstration projects should be carried out



2.3.3 Nepal

The country paper of Nepal was presented by Mr. Amar B. Manandhar, Executive Director,

Society for Environment and Economic Development Nepal (SEED Nepal)

The major points presented are as under.

Nepal has an area 147,181 sq. km. The administration is governed through 5 Development

regions, 14 zones, 75 districts and many Municipalities

The country is mainly comprising of Mountains, Hills and Terai areas in the ratio of 35%, 42%

& 23% respectively, with a population of about 26.5 million (2011 sensus)

SEED Nepal and Madhyapur Thimi Municipality in the Bhaktapur District of Kathmandu

Valley implemented CWABR project for Converting WAB to Resources under the support of

UNEP/DTIE/ IETC during 2009 – 2010

The paper shared details of;

o WAB use in Nepal,

o Generation of WAB by regions,

o WAB Generation by Crops

o Energy from WAB in Nepal

o Energy Potential from WAB in Nepal and

o WAB Generation in

During the project, a total of 300 households surveyed, and Farmers, Agro-industries and

vegetable markets were studied.

Present use of WAB

Rice Straw, Wheat Straw and Maize Stalks are currently and mainly used as fuel in boilers,

furnaces, and cooking stoves

Rice Husk is primarily used in Boilers; in Gasifier to produce producer gas,in cook stoves; in

furnace; for briquetting and the briquettes are used again for heating.

Vegetable wastes are mostly discarded; A minor portion is used in anaerobic digesters to

produce biogas and compost fertilizer

Research at NAST

The research and development activities at the Nepal Academy of Science and Technology

(NAST) are primarily in the following areas.

o Brequetting and Gasifiers

o Research at Kathmandu University



o Biogas plant at Nandi High School using vegetable wastes

o Product development at Foundation for Sustainable Technologies (FoST)

Assessment of Technology Need

The assessment of WAB2E technologies has been carried out on a systematic basis, with the

following considerations.

o Stakeholders and issues of concern

o It must not be polluting - must be environment friendly

o It should be financially viable (profitable)

o It should be able to utilize domestic agro-waste

o It should also utilize forest wastes

o Compost fertilizer must be available to farmers

o Bio-methanation will be the best choice followed by briquetting

o Occupy minimal space as the price of land is escalating

o The technology should be community based

o The operation of technology must be simple and operator must be trained easily

Assessment and Case study

The presentation covered the case of a WAB Briquette plant, and said that the WAB gasifiers

are still in research stage.

Analysis of Relevant Policies

The main points covered in this parts are;

o Rural Energy Policy, 2006 emphasises on installing improved biomass technologies to

meet cooking and other heating energy needs.

o Goal is to to reduce dependency on traditional energy and conserve environment by

increasing access to clean and cost effective energy

o Emphasis will be given on research, development and dissemination of community and

institutional biogas plants

o Solid Waste Management Act 2011

o Local body Municipalities & VDCs responsible for managing solid waste

o Requirement for the use of biodegradable or organic waste

o Segregation of solid waste



o Local body take necessary steps for 3R and enforce directives

o Local bodies may impose and collect service fees

Lessons learnt

o Municipality the best partner as it is main responsible body

o Some stakeholders desire to increase the waste as reduction of waste is taken as threat

for their job

o Dissemination of the availability and types of waste opens up the eyes of the animal

farming

o Frequent changes in the Municipality Chief and absence of elected person as the head of

the municipality hindering

o Weak enforcement of the legislations – hinders replication

o The duration of the support from the Project needs to be extended for at least two years

after the establishment of the technology with at least one replication

Support needed form Organizations like UNEP

o Formulation of Policies to support the utilization of WAB in all the countries

o R&D for the development of new technologies and improvement in the existing

technology for use of WAB

o Dissemination of new technology developed around the globe in the subject

o Transfer of new improved technology

o Demonstration projects for the introduction of new technology

o Provide exposure of all the important actors

o Form a network of the experts involved

2.3.4 Sri Lanka

The country paper was presented by Mr. Sena Peiris, Director, National Cleaner Production

Centre – Sri Lanka

The presentation covered the following points.

National energy scenario

o Primary Energy Supply by Source

o Gross Electricity Generation by Type of Source

o Sectoral Energy Consumption by Source in 2011



WAB availability

o Paddy Husk

o Paddy Straw

o Saw Dust/Wood Chips

o Market Wastes

o Panicum maximum/Gini Grass

Paddy Husk

o Generated in all provinces

o Used in many applications (paddy processing, brick kilns, cooking, poultry farms etc)

o Commercially used by cement industries

o Available quantity 330 million kgs

Paddy Straw

o Available in Large Quantities

o Presently Burned or buried

o Guideline to use in Fields for fertilizer subsidy

o Difficult to Collect

o There are other uses also

o Excess Quantity available 3308 million kgs

Saw Dust/ Wood Chips

o Available in areas closer to river banks

o More than 7000 saw mills

o Used in tea factories and other uses

o Quantity available for energy generation is170 million kgs

o Pilot Project coordinated by NCPC / UNEP

Factors Affecting Availability

o Seasonal Variation of Crops

o Yala season/Maha Season

o Constraints in availability of resources

o National Policy stating that Paddy straw must be reused in paddy fields.

o Drought conditions that affect paddy production



o Socio-economic factors

o Income levels

o Alternative uses and users for biomass waste

o Collectors of waste paddy husk can be affected if the resource is unavailable them in

future

o Cultural and Social practices

o Open burning of straw and husk

o Use of husk as fuel in small scale brick kilns

o Used in homes as fuel for cooking

Information needed for the project

o Geographical, Administrative and Land Use maps for Monaragala District

o Number and extent of Fields being harvested Records for 5 to 10 years to develop a

pattern of growth in paddy sector

o Distribution of fields within the areas chosen

o Number of rice mills and size of mills in operation – Records for 5 to 10 years to

develop a pattern for growth in paddy sector

o Potential for growth / regression of paddy sector in Monaragala

Outputs

o Selection of Areas, partners and consultants

o Mapping of WAB in the selected region

o Current Management Practices

o Quantification and Characterization

o Review of Policies, Laws and regulations

o Stakeholder concerns and selection of beneficiaries

o Technology Assessment and development

o Fabrication of Plant and Machinery

o Installation and Commissioning

o Lime drying technology at Monaragala using Waste Agricultural Biomass

Outcomes

o Pilot Project using paddy husk as the fuel for lime fruit drying



o Pilot project on Bio gas using market wastes

o Reports on WAB Mapping, Policy framework, stakeholders concerns

o Technology Compendium

o Strategy Paper on WAB for Sri Lanka

o Training Package for Training of trainers

Stakeholders in the WAB project

o Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority

o National Engineering Research and Development Centre

o University of Moratuwa

o NCPC Sri Lanka

o Regional Chambers

o Private Technology developers

Future Plans

o Development of an integrated national policy and strategy on solid waste

o Review laws and regulations on WAB and make necessary amendments for sound

management of WAB

o A National level Resource Mapping of WAB

o Compilation of a compendium of locally used technologies

o Encourage research on technologies specially on stoves

o Replication of the successful pilot projects for regional industry development (SMEs)

2.3.5 SACEP’s initiatives and programmes:

Ms. Priyankari Chamina Alexander, Programme Officer, Technical Department, South Asia Co-

Operative Environment Programme (SACEP) presented an overview of the activities of the

SACEP’S initiatives, programmes and contribution to energy challenge in the region

SACEP is an inter-governmental organization of 8 member states viz: Afghanistan,

Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Established in 1982 it is

mandated to promote and support protection, management and enhancement of the

environment in South Asia



SACEP activities:

The primary function of SACEP is to work with its eight member countries

o To promote cooperative activities in priority areas of environment of mutual

concern;

o To ensure that these activities are beneficial individually and collectively to the

member states of the region;

o To extend support as needed through exchange of knowledge and expertise available

among the member countries;

o To provide local resources towards implementation of projects and activities; and

o To maximize the impact of support received from donor countries and other sources.

Organization Structure of SACEP

The Governing Council (GC)

GC is the principal review and deliberative body that is responsible for determining policy and

programmes . It is represented at the ministerial level and periodically meets to take decisions

of strategic significance.

The Consultative Committee (CC)

The CC is responsible for facilitating the implementation of policies, strategies and

programmes approved by the GC and provides guidance to the Secretariat in its activities.

Picture 2.3.5 shows the organogram of SACEP.



Picture 2.3.5: Organogram of SACEP

Consists of representatives of diplomatic missions of member countries residing in

Colombo .

National Focal Points

National Focal Points facilitate the work at country levels and function as the main

communication link between the Secretariat and the respective country. Secretaries of the

ministries of environment are the designated national focal points of SACEP in the member

countries.



Subject Area Focal Points (SAFP)

Co-operate with the secretariat in project identification, formulation, implementation and

monitoring.

The Secretariat

Consists of the Director General and professional, administrative and supporting staff. It is

based in Colombo, Sri Lanka and is under the patronage of the Government of Sri Lanka.

SACEP Partnership Programmes

o Malé Declaration on Control and Prevention of Air Pollution and its likely Trans-

boundary Effects for South Asia – UNEP RRC.AP

o South Asian Seas Programme( SASP) –under the umbrella of UNEP Regional Seas

Prgramme, It covers five maritime SACEP countries - Bangladesh, India, Maldives,

Pakistan and Sri Lanka

o Capacity building for the Clearing-House Mechanism of the Convention on Biological

Diversity in South Asia – CBD and Royal Belgian National Focal Point for the CHM

o Inception and Training Workshop on Establishment of Environmental Data and

Information Management System for South Asia- UNEP-ROAP

o Partnership for Cleaner Fuels and Vehicles (PCFV) - UNEP

o Establishment of a South Asia Regional Initiative for the conservation and wise use of

wetlands – Ramsar Convention Secretariat

o The South Asia Wildlife Enforcement Network (SAWEN) - initiated by SACEP to

combat illegal trade of Wildlife in the Region -TRAFFIC International/ WWF

o Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) - UNCRD

o International Partnership for Expanding Waste Management Services of Local

Authorities (IPLA) – UNCRD

Current Priority Subject Areas of SACEP

The 10th Governing Council approved the following broad areas as priority subject areas

Waste Management

Adaptation to Climate Change

Data Information Management



Activities of SACEP related to waste management in South Asia

A scoping Exercise on E-Waste Management in South Asia “ was conducted in New Delhi,

India in 2007 in collaboration with the Development Alternative (DA)

The main objective was to establish contacts with stakeholders, including governments

and private sector in the region and to finalize the position paper which included the

ongoing practices and status of the initiatives at various levels (regional, national and local)

under taken by the different agencies and to develop project proposals in consultation with

stakeholders for the consideration of funding agencies,

o Organized the “South Asian Games Waste Management Programme” at the South Asian

Games held in Colombo, Sri Lanka in 2006.

o Disseminated the message of waste management in the region through widely

publicized event

o SACEP supported UNCRD in organizing the first National 3R Workshop for South

Asia held in Dhaka, Bangladesh 2007.

o Prepared the “Frame work for Marine Litter Management in South Asia “

o International coastal Cleanup Day

Since 2008 SACEP has been organizing many activities to commemorate International

Coastal cleanup Day. (in 2008 and 2009, SACEP and Indian Coast Guards jointly organized

events in Chennai, India.

In 2010 in collaboration with US Embassy in Colombo and Ministry of Environment of Sri

Lanka, SACEP organized the beach clean-up programme in Negombo, Sri Lanka and more

than 500 school children and people from hotel Industry participated.

International Coastal Cleanup day -2010

Global Energy Scenario

The prime sources of energy in the world are oil, coal and natural gas.

It is already anticipated that within the next 40-50 years these sources of energy will

deplete

Climate change, population growth, and fossil fuel depletion mean that renewable

energy sources will need to play a bigger role in the future than they do today.

All the renewable energy sources have lower carbon emissions, compared to

conventional energy sources.

Biomass is one of the earliest ever discovered sources and utilizing biomass offers many

economical, social and environmental benefits.



Energy Challenge in South Asia

South Asia spans in an area of about 4,771,220 sq km

Population is about 1.6 Billion or 1/5th of the world population

By 2050, South Asia’s population is likely to exceed 2.2 billion

We have 22.2 % of the total world population and occupy 4.8% of the global surface

area.

According to the World Bank’s most recent poverty estimates , about 571 million people

in the region survive on less than $1.25 a day, and they make up more than 44% of the

developing world’s poor

Over the period of time SA has experienced a long period of robust economic growth,

averaging 6% a year over the past 20 years and this has made the region important to

world energy markets

In 2003, South Asia accounted for approximately 5.9% of world commercial energy

consumption, (at the same time we have also accounted for 4.7 percent of global carbon

dioxide emissions.)

Utilization of renewable sources of energy for power generation could help address the

problems of depleting resources and emission of greenhouse gases…….

However there are significant variations within the region.

Bangladesh energy mix is dominated by natural gas (69 per cent),

India is heavily dependent on coal (55 per cent).

Sri Lanka relies primarily on petroleum (76 per cent)

Maldive s is fully dependent on petroleum (100 per cent).

Pakistan relies mostly on oil (43 per cent) and natural gas (38 per cent).

Nepa l and Bhutan have overwhelmingly high share of petroleum and hydropower

(around 90 per cent).

Opportunities , Prospects and Challengers

Energy security is an important issue for South Asia due to its heavy dependence on imports

of fossil fuels.

To improve the situation, it will be essential to explore and utilize indigenous energy

sources and to apply advanced technologies for energy savings.

Benefits of using WAB

The waste biomass that is left over the months, gets rotten and generates methane;

creates GHG emissions.

By converting these waste biomass into an energy source, International Sub Regional Workshop- South Asia Page 49


GHG emissions could be avoided

Farmers can derive huge benefits from biomass based power generation

system.

Sale of surplus biomass, which is otherwise wasted will provide additional

income to farmers and poorer sections of society, helping in poverty alleviation.

Issues and challenges common in the Region

Lack of National Bioenergy Policy.

Lack of Institutional coordination among the relevant agencies .

Lack of Financial support schemes to private.

Limited Technology knowhow Conclusion

For countries in south Asia use of WAB has a large potential, both in terms of available

renewable resources and providing clean and reliable energy, to curtail the import of

costly fossil fuels, create employment opportunities, preserve the local environment,

and improve the quality of life.

What SACEP can do to promote Utilization of WAB in the Region

• Form a network of experts in the region and also provide technical assistance to

national initiatives.

• Share best practices among member counties

• Assist in technology transfer among member countries.

• Conduct awareness and capacity development Programmes

SACEP could act as a conducive policy platform to support the utilization of WAB in the

Region of South Asia.

2.3.6 Presentation by new Technology developer

M/s BGCT. K.K. of Japan have been associated with the project ever since it’s inception. Mr.

Hajime Miyata, Dy. Secy. of the company presented the salient features of their technology.

The features of the BGCT technology are;

Very high Calorific Value of the Green Coal produced by the technology. The technology uses

waste plastics along with the WAB, to the tune of about 15%. The plastic content in the raw

material gives the advantage of higher CV of fuel.

The technology is also known for it’s lower requirement of electric power as compared to the

contemporary technologies. The plant requires only about 30 HP of electric power for all the



equipment put together, as compared to other technologies that require about 50 HP of installed

power.

During the presentation, Mr. Miyata made a reference to the upcoming project in India, in

collaboration of JICA and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan.

RPPWF™/GREEN COAL™ is a class 4 solid fuel prepared from non-hazardous , non-

recyclable papers, plastics / plants and woods waste satisfying the requirements laid down in

CEN 343.

o ISO 14001,ISO 9001 Certified.

o The instrumentation provided with the plant is capable of measuring up to 96 elements

and can also detect a radioactive material.

The plant and process can use any one or more or any combination of the following

wastes.

Municipal solid waste （ After segregation ） , Bio-Plastics, Agricultural biomass, Bagasse,

Palm Oil waste, Wooden Furniture after use, Bamboo, Papers, Non-edible plants, Corn , etc.

The green coal produced by the technology compares very favourably with other conventional

fuels, as is indicated in the Table 2.3.6 and Graph 2.3.6 below.

Alternative to Coal Copyright (c) BGCTK.K. 2012 All rights reserved

Ranges COAL RPPWF™/GREEN COAL™

Calorific Value 19 – 22 MJ / Kg ~ 26 MJ / Kg Moisture 30 – 35 % 10 % Ash 20% 8% Sulphur 0.5- 10 % Negligible

Table 2.3.6: Thermal capacity comparison between Coal and RPPWF



Graph 2.3.6: Emissions comparison between Green Coal and other conventional fuels

MOU with the State of Gujarat in 2009

Public-Private-Project (PPP) in Gujarat is in progress as our Flagship Project

Enhanced MOU with the State of Gujarat in 2011 in wider scope of

RPPWFTM/GREEN COALTM

Salient features of Gujrat project

PPP Project at Gyaspur, Ahmedabad Municipality in Gujarat state

The plant is spread in about 25 acres land, leased by AMC for 35 years.

The plant would be processing about an estimated 800 tons/day (committed by AMC) MSW

The plant is designed to process about 6 tons/h (Average), with an annual capacity of about

50,000tons/yr

The main user of the green coal produced in the plant will be the Power Company

(Infrastructure : Electricity, Water/Drainage are provided by AMC)

The company has also;

o Received EOI from the Key State Governments o Signed an MOU with the Ahmedabad-City in January 2009 By RPPWF (Non Patented)

Project in under a PPP model in the city of Ahmedabad o Has enlarged the scope of the MOU with the State of Gujarat in January 2011 with a

wider scope of RPPWF™ (Patented) and diffusion of low carbon technology o Signed an agreement with the state of Meghalaya for RppwF™ (Patented) Project


New RPPWF RPPWF COAL KEROSENE HEAVY OIL LPG


3 Plenary Session:

A plenary session was organized on the second day of the workshop. In this session, all the

delegates shared their views and concerns about various elements that affect the use of WAB

for power generation.

Mr. Surya Prakash Chandak moderated the Plenary discussions on strategies to enhance

conversion of waste agricultural biomass into energy and developing an action plan to enhance

conversion of waste agricultural biomass into energy.

The group identified six broad areas under which the issues can be and should be considered.

These areas were;

What are the drivers to support conversion of waste agricultural biomass into energy

(WAB2E) in the sub-region

What are the barriers hindering or limiting WAB2E in the sub-region

What enabling measures will help overcome the barriers

What could be the vision and main elements of a national/regional strategy to enhance

WAB2E

What could be the main action areas

How can an organization like UNEP-IETC support greater WAB2E in the region

The major factors determining the effectiveness of any scheme to use WAB as a source of

energy, under each of these areas, were identified by the group, as below.

3.1 The drivers to support conversion of WAB2E in the sub region

3.1.1 An agricultural policy, which specifies that energy generated by using WAB be treated

as exportable product.

3.1.2 A strictly administered and monitored ban on deforestation of any kind.

3.1.3 In agrarian countries, scope and availability of WAB will always be having an

increasing trend, and thereby an assured source of perennial supply.

3.1.4 Awareness creation amongst majority population about usefulness of WAB2E

3.1.5 Removal of subsidy on fossil fuels, or a similar provision made for the WABs.

3.1.6 Rubber tree was earlier used as biomass. However, the wood of rubber tree is now being

used as commercial and furniture timber. This of course is a positive and value added

use. However, such trends change the scene and shift the usage of such biomass. Energy

plantation schemes to be accelerated.



3.1.7 Determination to light every house hold through rural electrification through

decentralised generation and distribution of electricity. This will need creating and

earmarking enough budgetary provisions for the same.

3.1.8 Considering the ever growing shortage of power, an appropriate and rational power

pricing policy designed to promote WAB2E projects.

3.1.9 Under the new law relating to the Ministry of corporate governance and the inclusion of

CSR, government may include WAB2E as one of the options for treating it as at

predetermined prices for a long period.

3.1.10 Devising schemes for removing the price sensitivity for WABs and assuring the

availability to the users Industries face problem of raw material and cost –

3.1.11 Making appropriate and a reliable technology available for using biomass

3.1.12 Offering special subsidy incentives for WAB2E projects

3.1.13 Recognising and pushing the feel that WAB offers a Low carbon growth.

3.1.14 Making electricity distribution companies to necessarily purchase from WAB2E

projects.

3.1.15 Power from WAB2E projects specifically mentioned in power purchase agreement

3.1.16 More restriction on use of forest based WAB

3.1.17 Develop International buyers and special export subsidy and duty exemptions for

exporting WAB: Creating supply chain pressures

3.1.18 Recognition of the fact that WAB2E is an attractive alternative for waste disposal

3.1.19 Problems in disposal of vegetable market’s waste.

3.2 Barriers hindering WAB2E in sub region

3.2.1 Technical, economic, political and institutional

3.2.2 Bitter experience from low cost, low quality technology.

3.2.3 Lack of recognition and proper understanding of different policies

3.2.4 Thinly distributed biomass over a large geographical area

3.2.5 Low density and high transportation and logistics cost

3.2.6 Large space required for storing and handling WAB, because of it’s low bulk density.

3.2.7 Seasonal availability

3.2.8 Highly volatile prices of WAB and Price sensitivity

3.2.9 High ash content in WAB

3.2.10 Technical implications, considering the lower educational and skill sets of user

3.2.11 Lack of knowledge of technology for WAB conversion



3.2.12 Adverse and non supportive policies

3.2.13 Misconception that WAB gives foul smell

3.2.14 Lack of policy framework

3.2.15 Cost of technology – availability of technology suited for local conditions.

3.2.16 WAB2E being either not, or a lower priority area of financial institutions

3.2.17 Improper and insufficient storage space in rainy season.

3.2.18 Non availability of Technology suppliers in individual countries and dependence on

imports of technology and equipment.

3.2.19 Involvement of multiple governmental agencies in implementation and complex

statutes.

3.2.20 Lack of coordination between stakeholder institutions.

3.2.21 Limited dissemination (mechanism) for sharing success and failures stories.

3.2.22 Supply chain shortfalls like non availability of direct purchaser. This brings in mediators

and middlemen, thereby denying a fair price to the producer of the WAB.

3.3 Enabling measures to overcome barriers

The group was of the impression that all the factors as stated in barriers above, if taken in to

consideration and appropriate measures devised to over come them, will enable much larger

implementation of the WAB2E projects. However, the group identified some specific measures

needing urgent attention. They are listed here below.

3.3.1 Develop checklist for important performance measurement parameters of each

technology, set appropriate performance indices.

3.3.2 Recognition and wide spread announcement of related policies

3.3.3 Guidelines by a credible institution

3.3.4 Incentive scheme to promote diversification

3.3.5 Develop new uses of ash

3.3.6 Developing of mobile technologies

3.3.7 Research and development

3.3.8 Tax concessions

3.3.9 Power purchase agreements/ biomass at par with other energy sources

3.3.10 Ensure supply of biomass against competitive uses- handle conflicts

3.3.11 Design to take care of providing flexibility in usage of different WABs as per seasonal

availability

3.3.12 Establishing and using existing cooperatives at local levels



3.3.13 Preprocessing of WAB for supply to the users. This will help in improving the

efficiency of conversion of existing biomass to energy.

3.4 Vision and main elements of natural and regional strategy to enhance

WAB2E

3.4.1 Elements: knowledge sharing of best practises, e-libraries and n/w of experts

3.4.2 Setting targets for Capacity building in WAB2E areas.

3.4.3 Development of regionally applicable guidelines

3.4.4 Performance assessment and enhancement of individual technologies for WAB2E. This

might also include financial support for technology transfer and R&D.

3.4.5 Identification of supporting provisions

3.4.6 Prepare policy brief

3.4.7 Identify policy related events

3.5 Main action areas

3.5.1 The governments should establish collection and distribution centers for WAB.

3.5.2 Appropriate provisions and incentives to be designed for project financing, special tax

exemptions, Notional Carbon Credits, Incentives for WAB2E projects and customs duty

exemptions for WAB2E related projects.

3.5.3 A detailed study of the latest and current WAB related Policies to be undertaken with a

view to identify weak areas and gaps and recommend additional provisions on a case to

case and country specific basis.

3.5.4 In case of areas of WAB generation, forestry has been identified as a major source.

Target groups in respective ministries of forest and environment need to be identified

and specific areas of operation be prioritised and awareness :

3.5.5 WAB related programs on mass communication media like the radio, TV and others be

designed and broadcast.

3.5.6 Mass awareness at national levels that the ever increasing need of energy is heavily

dependent on fossil fuels and ever depleting natural resources. The nation can not afford

it and hence renewable sources, in particular WAB based technologies need to be used.

3.5.7 Designing appropriate and tailor made and case specific PPP models

3.5.8 Establishing a system of linking the producer and user linkages.



3.6 Support from organization like UNEP-IETC for greater implementation of

WAB2E in the region.

3.6.1 Interaction with organisation like SAARC, SACEP and the likes to promote regional

WAB2E fund.

3.6.2 UNEP also could initiate a study of various overlapping and common provisions to

WAB in the international organisations, with a view to identify some areas where

mutual collaboration can be established and a multiplier effect could be seen.

3.6.3 UNEP may sponsor some awareness generation training and awareness programmes to

be conducted by the renewable energy development agencies in the respective countries.

4 Closing of workshop:

The workshop closed on 13th November 2013 by the feedback of participants represented by

Mr. Amar B. Manandhar, Executive Director, Society for Environment and Economic

Development Nepal (SEED Nepal) and the closing remarks by Prof. K. R. Chari and Mr. Surya

Prakash Chandak.



5 Visit to Starlit Power Systems Limited.

On the third day of the workshop, all the participants visited Ms. Starlit Power Systems Ltd. in

Sohna village of Haryana State. The technology adopted by the company was explained by the

Vice President Marketing of the company and supported by Mr. Arshad Rana, General

Managerof M/s Chanderpur Indistries Ltd. who are the technology providers.

Picture 5-a: Initial briefing session by Prof. K. R. Chari and Mr. Surya Prakash Chandak

Picture 5-b: At the entrance to gasifier block



Picture 5-c: Members in the gasifier plant

Picture 5-d: Gasifier units assembly at a glance



Picture 5-e: The process byproduct: Charcoal



Annexure-1

Schedule of workshopUNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME

UNEP-DTIE-IETCIn collaboration with Birla Institute of Management Technology (BIMTEC)

Sub-regional Dissemination Workshop on

Converting Waste Agricultural Biomass into Energy

South Asia

12-14 November 2013 - Delhi, India12 November 2013 - Day 1 (Session 1): 8:50-9:00 Registration9:00-10:00 OPENING SESSIONEmcee Prof. K. R. Chari, Project Team Leader, Professor, (OM),

Chairperson Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development and Chief Proctor, Birla Institute of Management Technology

Opening Address Mr. Surendra Shrestha,

Director, UNEP International Environmental Technology Centre (UNEP IETC)

Inaugural Address Dr. H. Chaturvedi Director, Birla Institute of Management Technology, India

Self Introduction by participants10:00-10:30 Group Photo and Tea Break10:30-12:00 Presentation of Project About the project-overview

Mr. Surya Prakash Chandak

Senior Programme Officer, UNEP IETC

Prof. K. R. Chari Capacity building in the projectMs. Shiffia Mittal and Mr. Amit Arora

Assessment of waste agricultural biomass in India

Prof. K. R. Chari Technology Assessment and selectionMs. Sunayna Sehgal and Ms. Sakshi Kukreja

Policy Analysis for promoting conversion of waste agricultural biomass in India

Prof. K. R. Chari, Experience of implementing technology for converting waste agricultural biomass into energy

Mr. Yogesh Gupta, CEO, Starlit Power Systems Ltd., Sohna, Haryana - India

Mr. Ateesh Samant Chief Executive Officer, IL&FS Energy and IREL

12:00-12:15 Mr. Nun Sophanna, Presentation of Project IN CAMBODIA12:15-12:30 Discussions, questions and answers12:30-13:30 Lunch12 November 2013 - Day 1 (Session 2): Country Presentations



13:30-14:00 Mr. Rajiv Garg, Programme Officer, ROAP, UNEP

The Climate Technology Centres Network - Catalyzing Action on implementation of Technologies for GHG emission reduction

Country Paper Presentation14:00-14:30 Bangladesh14:30-15:00 Bhutan15:00-15:30 Nepal15:30-16:00 Pakistan16:00-16:30 Sri Lanka16:30-17:00 Discussions, questions and answersWelcome Reception: 19:30 hrs to 21:30 hrs.13 November 2013 - Day 2 (Session 3): Country Presentations (contd.)09:00-09:30 SACEP SACEP’s initiatives and programmes09:30-10:00 Mr. Michhiro Kiyama,

President, Mr. Hajime Miyata, Dy. Secy., BGCT. K.K.

The experience of a Japanese technology supplier associated with the Project

10:00-10:30 Tea Break13 November 2013 - Day 2 (Session 4): Strategy Making10:30-12:00 Plenary discussions on strategies to enhance conversion of waste

agricultural biomass into energy12:00-13:00 Lunch13 November 2013 - Day 2 (Session 5): Closing Session13:00-14:00 Developing an action plan to enhance conversion of waste

agricultural biomass into energy15:00-15:30 Closing Remarks Representative of participants

Prof. K. R. ChariMr. Surya Prakash Chandak

14 November 2013 - Day 3: Field Visit10:00-17:00 Visit to Starlit Power Systems Ltd.17:00 end of workshop


“Waste Agricultural Biomass for Energy: Resource conservation and GHG Emission Reduction”

Annexure-2

List of Participants

UNEP Sub-regional Dissemination Workshop onConverting Waste Agricultural Biomass into Energy

12-14 November, 2013 IndiaSl. No. Country Name Designation Organisation Contact Nos.

Tel/Fax e-Mail

1 Bangladesh Dr Abu Saleh Mostafa Kamal Deputy Secretary,

Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock,BUILDING 06; ROOM 504; BANGLADESH SECRETERIATE; DHAKA-1000; Bangladesh

0088-02-95510070088-02-9512220

[email protected]

2 Bhutan Ms. Dorji Dema Assistant Environment Officer

Environment Services DivisionNational Environment CommissionBhutan- Trimphu, Bhutan - Post Code: 466

+975 2323384+975 2323385

[email protected]

3 Bhutan Mr. Thinley Dorji

Chief Environment Officer,

Compliance Monitoring DivisionNational Environment CommissionBhutanTrimphu, Bhutan - Post Code: 466

+975 2323384+975 2323385

[email protected]

4 Bhutan Mr. Ugyen National Project Manager

Planning and Coordination DivisionDepartment of Renewable EnergyMinistry of Economic AffairsGovernment of BhutanPO Box No. 256, Thimpu - Bhutan

+975-1716-1920+975 2 329831

[email protected]

5 Cambodia Mr. Sophanna Nun

Deputy Project Coordinator

National Cleaner Production Office- Cambodia - R504, IOC building, #254 Monivong Blvd., - Phnom Penh - Cambodia

+855 23 222 076 [email protected]

6 India K. R. Chari Professor (Operations Management)

Birla Institute of Management Technology, Plot # 5, Greater Noida – Uttar Pradesh – India - 201306

+91-120-2323001 to 10: Extn-422

[email protected]


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mailto:[email protected]













7 India Amit Arora Research team memberBirla Institute of Management Technology, Plot # 5, Greater Noida – Uttar Pradesh – India - 201306

9650546587 [email protected]

8 India Shiffia Mittal Research team memberBirla Institute of Management Technology, Plot # 5, Greater Noida – Uttar Pradesh – India - 201306


9 India Sunayna Sehgal Research team member



10 India Githin Thomas Research team memberBirla Institute of Management Technology, Plot # 5, Greater Noida – Uttar Pradesh – India - 201306


11 India Mohit Anand Research team memberBirla Institute of Management Technology, Plot # 5, Greater Noida – Uttar Pradesh – India - 201306


12 India Somesh Phartiyal Research team member



13 India Sakshi Kukreja Research team memberBirla Institute of Management Technology, Plot # 5, Greater Noida – Uttar Pradesh – India - 201306


14 India Yogesh Gupta Director and CEOStarlit Power Systems, Ltd.A-1/20 LGF, Safdarjamg Enclave, New Delhi, India - 110029

011-2610 3680. 4602 79270

[email protected]

15 India Dwivedi, Shailendra Senior Advisor

Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbHIndia

[email protected]

16 India Shitij Chandra Director M/s Chanderpur Industries, Yamunanagar, Haryana- India

[email protected]

17 India Arsh Rana General Manager M/s Chanderpur Industries, Arshrana1978


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Yamunanagar, Haryana- India @chanderpur.com

18 India Prasad Modak Executive PresidentEnvironmental Management Centre A-60 and C-29, Royal Industrial Estate, Naigaon X Road, Wadala West Mumbai–400031-Maharashtra-INDIA

+91 98201 26074, +91 22 24108255+91 22 24147481

www.emcentre.com,

19 India Ateesh Samant Chief Executive Officer,

IL&FS Energy and IRELThe IL&FS Financial CentrePlot C22, G Block, Bandra Kurla Complex-Bandra East - Mumbai 400 051Post Box No. 8145

+ 9122 2653 3333 / 3232+ 9122 2653 3038

[email protected]

20 Japan Mr. Surendra Shrestha Director

UNEP International Environmental Technology Centre2-110 Ryokuchikoen, Tsurumi-ku, Osaka 538-0036 - Japan

+81-6-6915-4581+81-6-6915-0304

[email protected]

21 Japan Mr. Michihiro Kiyama President

BGCT K.K.10F, NIPPON Bldg, 2-6-2 Otemachi, Chiyodaku,Tokyo 100-0004 Japan

+81-80-3885-6743+81-80-6269-9656

[email protected]

22 Japan Ms. Yoshie Kiyama Manager, Tokyo Office BGCT K.K. +81-80-3885-6743

[email protected]

23 Japan Mr. Minoru Uda Adviser, Tokyo Office BGCT K.K. +81-80-3885-6743+81-3-6269-9656

[email protected]

24 Japan Mr. Hajime Miyata Manager, Tokyo Office BGCT K.K. +81-80-3885-6743

[email protected]

25 Japan Mr. Surya Chandak

Senior Programme Officer

UNEP International Environmental Technology Centre2-110 Ryokuchikoen, Tsurumi-ku, Osaka 538-0036 - Japan

+81-6-6915-4591+81-6-6915-0304

[email protected]

26 Japan Mr. Hajime First Secretary Embassy of Japan in India +91-11-2687-6564


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http://www.emcentre.com/

http://www.emcentre.com/




Hirosawa 50-G Shantipath, ChanakyapuriNew Delhi 110021 India

27 Nepal Mr. Amar B. Manandhar Executive Director,

Society for Environment and Economic Development Nepal (SEED Nepal)39, Siddhartha Marg, Anamnagar, Ward No. 32, Kathmandu, Nepal - P. O. Box 8973 NPC 410

+977 1 4228 555+977 1 4239338

[email protected]

28 Sri Lanka Mr. Sena Peiris Director

National Cleaner Production Centre – Sri Lanka251/30 Kirula Road, NarahenpitaColombo 05, Sri LankaPost code: 00500

94-11-236960194-11-2369602

[email protected]

29 Sri Lanka

Ms. Korale Kankanamge Shyamali Priyanthie

Environment Management Officer

Policy and Planning DivisionMinistry of Environment and Renewable EnergySampathpaya No. 82, Rajamalwatta Road - Battaramulla, Sri Lanka - Post Code: 10120

Tel./Fax: +94 112887061

[email protected], [email protected]

30 Sri Lanka Ms. Chamina Alexander Programme Officer

Technical DepartmentSouth Asia Co-Operative Environment Programme (SACEP),#10 Anderson Rd, Off Dickman’s Road, Colombo 05 - Sri Lanka.Post code: 00500

94 (0) 11 250 470894 (0) 11 258 9369

[email protected], [email protected]

31 Thailand Mr. Rajiv GargProgramme Officer- Climate Change

+UNEP Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, UN Building, 2nd Floor, Block B, Room 0246Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok10200, Thailand

+66 -2 -288-2621+66 -2- 288-3041

[email protected]

List of members sponsored by UNEP to participate, but who could not get their Visas due to procedural delays.

1 Pakistan Mr./Dr. Rasool Professor & Co-Director, Mehran University of Engineering and +92 22 2772250-72 rbm_mahar@Y


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Bux Mahar,

Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management

Technology, Jamshoro Sind, Pakistan - Post Code: 76062

: Ext.7303(O) (M)+92-342610651

ahoo.com

2 PakistanMr./Dr. Basharat

BashirDirector General

Power Projects, Alternative Energy Development BoardGovernment of Pakistan3, Street # 8, F-8/3, IslamabadPakistanPost Code: 44000

+92 51-9262954

+92 51-9262977

bashara15@ya

hoo.com.au


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