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WarmUp #5 • Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” • Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Objective: Analyze the rise & spread of Islam & its influence on the Crusades, as well as Christianity in the Late Middle Ages.
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WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Dec 27, 2015

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Julius Mosley
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Page 1: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

WarmUp #5

• Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.”

• Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Objective: Analyze the rise & spread of Islam & its influence on the Crusades, as well as Christianity in the Late Middle Ages.

Page 2: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Arab World

• nomadic people

• polytheistic – believed Abraham built

kaaba at Mecca

• believed in supreme god called Allah

Page 3: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Mohammed 570-632 AD• orphaned, caravan leader (wealthy)• troubled by gap between rich & poor• meditated: visions of the angel, Gabriel

– recorded = Koran (Quran)

• preached in Mecca– people chased him out, so he fled to Medina 622

AD (hijrah)

• converted people in Medina– returned to Mecca with an army & conquered city

630 AD

Page 4: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Muslim Teachings• monotheistic: Allah• holy book: Quran• must follow the 5 Pillars of Islam

– belief: “there is no god but Allah & Mohammed is His messenger…”

– prayer: 5 times a day, facing holy city of Mecca– alms/charity: give to the poor/less fortunate– fasting: dawn to dusk during the holy month of Ramadan– hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca once in life, if able (health/$$$)

• salvation, by following will of Allah

Page 5: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Muslim Teachings• Shariah: strict Islamic

law code

• Sunna: Muhammad’s behavior/teachings– Muslims are not allowed

to gamble, drink alcohol, eat pork, be dishonest etc

Page 6: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Culture of Islam

• Mohammed: last/greatest prophet

• mosques: places of Muslim worship• trade: main activity

– Islam spread through conquest & trade

• initially, women had some rights (~Mohammed’s wife)– over time, they have lost rights

• patriarchal: men could have up to 4 wives

Page 7: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Art, Literature & Architecture

• Quran seen as greatest literature

• architecture is best seen in mosques: Muslim houses of worship– minarets (towers on mosques: calls people to pray)

• not allowed to make human images…so repeated geometric patterns to form arabesques

• palaces: constructed with huge fortifications– borrowed by Europeans for castles

Page 8: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Mosque

Page 9: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page 10: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Art & Architecture

Page 11: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Preservation of Knowledge

• preserved numerical system from Ancient India

• created algebra & navigational tools

• separated the study of medicine from the other sciences

• Ibn-Khaldun: historian, who saw history as being cyclical (always repeats itself)

Page 12: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

After Mohammed’s Death

• no clear successor

• Abu Bakr became caliph – Islamic leader/Mohammed’s successor

• took over Arabian Peninsula (jihad)– conquered Syria, Egypt, old Persian Empire

• Abu Bakr’s death: series of caliphs

Page 13: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Spread of Islam

Page 14: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Umayyad Dynasty: 661-750 AD

Page 15: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Umayyad Dynasty• moved capital to Damascus, Syria• marched across N. Africa & into Europe

– 700 AD: conquered Berbers– 710 AD: crossed Gibraltar into Spain– 725 AD: controlled Spain w/ capital at Cordoba– 732 AD: defeated by Charles Martel at the Battle of Tours

(France)

• built the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem (on the Temple Mount: site of Solomon’s Temple)

• people felt Umayyads showed excessive favoritism– led to downfall of dynasty

Page 16: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Battle of Tours

Page 17: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Creation of the Islamic Empire

Page 18: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Islamic World

Page 19: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Split in Islam

• Hussein led revolt against Umayyad rulers– outnumbered & defeated but led to split in Islam

– Shiite Muslims• only descendents of Ali: true leaders of Islam (imams)• mostly in Iran & Iraq

– Sunni Muslims:• believe leader should be chosen by council• majority of Muslims worldwide

Page 20: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Seljuk Turks

• conquered eastern Arab world by the 11th Century

• 1055 AD: took over Baghdad & proclaimed their ruler, the sultan: holder of power

• 1071 AD: defeated the Byzantines to take over Asia Minor

Page 21: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

ISLAM

Areas where Islam has spread?

the 5Pillars

prophet deity belief in 1 god

holy book followers

Page 22: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Sunni beliefs:

Shiite/Shia beliefs:

Islamic Beliefs/Practices Umayyad Dynasty

Contact with Christians/Europeans Islamic Achievements

Islam & the Early Arab WorldDirections: Fill in the following boxes using your textbook.

Page 23: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Islamic Beliefs/Practices

•following the 5 Pillars of Islam•not drinking•polygamous: having up to 4 wives•women = modest•read the Quran in Arabic

Umayyad Dynasty

•expanded Islam across Northern Africa & into Europe

Contact with Christians/Europeans

•invasion of Constantinople•Crusades in Middle East (Jerusalem)•invasion/occupation of Spain•Battle of Tours (France)

Islamic Achievements

•numerical system of Ancient India•medical knowledge•algebra•navigational tools (astrolabe)

Islam & the early Arab WorldDirections: Put the following terms/people/events in the correct box.

Page 24: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The Crusades

Page 25: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Crusades: 11th-13th Centuries• military expeditions: European Christians (Roman

Catholics) trying to recapture Jerusalem in the Holy Land from the Muslims

• Pope Urban II: saw the Byzantine request for help as his excuse to take power– preached importance of the 1st Crusade: 1095 AD

• most warriors were French…religious zeal, but also wanted wealth, glory, power, bloodlust etc.

• 1st Crusade: 1095-1099 AD…bloody fighting, but the Christians conquer Jerusalem & Antioch

• set up 4 Crusader kingdoms, creating great trade opportunity for Venice, Genoa, etc.

• 2nd Crusade: Muslims rebuilt power, attacked & retook all the land, Christians won in the 1st Crusade

Page 26: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

3rd Crusade (~1189 AD)

• European Leaders:– Frederick Barbarossa (Holy Roman Empire)– Richard I (England)– Phillip II (France)

• big problems:– Frederick Barbarossa drowned– Phillip II returned to France– Richard I negotiated peace

• Saladin: Muslim leader…great warrior, who was very merciful– Richard I & Saladin had great respect for one another

Page 27: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

3rd Crusade: Acre

Page 28: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Crusades (ctnd.)• 4th Crusade: Pope Innocent III calls for another

crusade, with serious backing of Venetian merchants• instead of helping the Byzantium Empire, the

Crusaders sack Constantinople• Byzantines regained control of city: 1261 AD• Children’s Crusade to Rome…sent home• Effects of Crusades:

– kings took land from knights who did not return– greater trading power to Venice & other Italian

city-states– widespread persecution of Jews in Europe (anti-

Semitism)– extensive knowledge of Muslim culture in Europe

Page 29: WarmUp #5 Analyze the map on pg. 256: “Starting Points: Arabia ~550 A.D.” Answer the “Analyze & Predict” questions. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

In-Class Assessment

1. Who is the founder of Islam & what city is he from?

2. List the 5 Pillars of Islam.

3. Muslim houses of worship are called _______ & the towers attached are called __________.

4. What were the Crusades?

5. Why were the Crusades controversial when analyzing them from the Christian viewpoint?