Voluntary Performance Specification for Windows, Skylights and Glass Doors

American Architectural Manufacturers Association Window and Door Manufacturers Association

NORTH AMERICAN FENESTRATION STANDARD Voluntary Performance Specification for Windows, Skylights and Glass Doors

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 (Formerly ANSI/AAMA/NWWDA 101/I.S.2-97)

Combining ANSI/AAMA/NWWDA 101/I.S.2-97

“Voluntary Specifications for Aluminum, Vinyl (PVC) and Wood Windows and Glass Doors”

And AAMA/WDMA 1600/I.S.7,

“Voluntary Specification for Skylights” And

References from CSA A440 Windows

Application Made for ANSI APPROVAL

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page i

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................. 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................................ 4 2.0 APPLICATION SCOPE ....................................................................................................................................... 5 3.0 REFERENCE STANDARDS................................................................................................................................ 5 4.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................................ 9 5.0 TESTING ............................................................................................................................................................ 22 6.0 MATERIALS ...................................................................................................................................................... 38 7.0 COMPONENTS .................................................................................................................................................. 42 8.0 FENESTRATION TYPE AND TEST SIZE....................................................................................................... 49 9.0 GATEWAY PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................... 72 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................................................... 76

ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED MAY 2002 AS NAFS-1 REVISED DECEMBER 27, 2002 AND PUBLISHED AS 101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02

THIS SPECIFICATION HAS BEEN REVISED AS OF 12/27/02. IN GENERAL, THE REVISIONS ARE EDITORIAL AND SIMPLY CLARIFY CONTENT.

ERRATA The following errors were found in the specification where the text and graphics did not agree.

1) Section 5.3.6.3.4: Text was added to reflect the content of the drawings. 2) Section 8.2.3 NOTE: Text changed from “Testing a B configuration will qualify windows produced in a D

configuration” to “Testing a D configuration will qualify windows produced in a B configuration”. 3) Section 8.6.1.1 NOTE: Text changed from “Testing a B configuration will qualify windows produced in a D



configuration” to “Testing a D configuration will qualify windows produced in a B configuration”.

This voluntary specification was developed by representative members of AAMA and WDMA as advisory information and published as a public service. AAMA and WDMA disclaim all liability for the use, application or adaptation of materials published herein.

© Copyright 2002 American Architectural Manufacturers Association Window and Door Manufacturers Association 1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550 1400 E. Touhy Ave. Suite 470 Schaumburg, IL 60173 Des Plaines, IL 60018 Phone: (847) 303-5664 Fax: (847) 303-5774 Phone: (847) 299-5200 Fax: (847) 299-1286 Web Site: www.aamanet.org Web Site: www.wdma.com Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

http://www.aamanet.org

mailto:[email protected]

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 1

INTRODUCTION This standard is the latest edition of a long line of performance standards for windows, glass doors and skylights. Starting in the 1940’s, AAMA and WDMA began developing performance standards for fenestration products culminating in the publication in 1997 of ANSI/AAMA/NWWDA 101/I.S. 2 – 97, Voluntary Specifications for Aluminum, Vinyl (PVC) and Wood Windows and Glass Doors. This ANSI approved, materials neutral, performance based standard has enjoyed wide acceptance in the United States since its publication. Referenced in major building codes including the new IBC and IRC National Building Codes, this standard has become the measure of quality and product compliance used by architects, specifiers and consumers. The success in harmonizing all major United States performance standards in 101/I.S. 2 lead the members of AAMA and WDMA to begin efforts to harmonize US and Canadian standards thus producing a standard incorporating performance based requirements applicable to all North America. The organizations participating in the development of the North American Fenestration Standard (NAFS) have not yet reached full harmonization. See acknowledgements on page 4 for recognition of the contributors to this standard. Even as harmonization efforts continue with Canadian representatives the members of AAMA and WDMA have elected to release this edition so that it can be considered for inclusion in the next editions of the US National Building Codes. This standard includes many improvements and additions to the 101/I.S. 2 standard. The format of the standard has been revised to make it easier to use and to make it easier to find specific requirements. All test methods have been moved to Section 5, all materials standards to Section 6 and all component requirements to Section 7. Operator Type specific requirements are presented in Section 8 and a summary of requirements found in the standard are found in Section 9. The addition of skylights, specialty products, side lites and transoms to the standard brings the total number of operating types recognized in the standard to 26. NAFS now contains 55 illustrating figures and 80

tables to clarify the requirements of the standard. In addition a new four page spreadsheet has been added in Section 9 that completely outlines all testing requirements and minimum performance levels included in the standard. New deflection limits have been added to the Heavy Commercial Performance Class. Operating Force requirements are now tested to the New ASTM E 2068 test method. While product ratings have remained in the familiar format accepted in 101/I.S. 2, the remainder of the standard has become metric in format. The introduction of metric based requirements instead of metric conversions of inch-pound (IP) requirements was done as a part of efforts to harmonize the standard not only with Canadian standards but also international standards such as ISO, JIS and CEN standards. It is also consistent with US Federal directives concerning metrification of construction products. Explanations of the significance of air leakage and water penetration testing have been greatly expanded in Section 5. Section 7 includes an expanded description of the types of mullions included in the standard and the performance requirements of each type. Those desiring to specify products to this standard are encouraged to use the product designation system presented and explained in Section 4 of the standard. The designation system is designed to help the specifier to fully define product requirements in a clear and unambiguous manner. The system is also designed to provide a means of comparing and evaluating products in a materials neutral manner based on product performance criteria which can be matched to project requirements. A full explanation of the product designation and rating system is presented in Section 4. To further aid the specifier a “Short Form Specification” is provided in the Preface. Explanations of the five Performance Classes and their suggested use are also included in the Preface. Users of the standard are encouraged to contact either AAMA or WDMA with comments or questions about NAFS.


1.0 PREFACE This standard establishes levels of performance for windows, skylights and glass doors, regardless of the material used in the frame or sash members. It consists of nine sections and one appendix. SECTION 1 contains this Preface, which covers the general definitions and terminology applicable to all windows, skylights and glass doors. Section 1 also contains a listing of all acknowledgements. SECTION 2 presents the Scope of this standard. SECTION 3 presents a listing of all other standards referenced in this standard. SECTION 4 presents an explanation of the rating system used in this standard and guidelines on how this standard is to be used. Section 4.2.2.5 contains optional performance grades (design pressures) which make it possible for the specifier to require higher uniform load structural test pressures and higher water resistance test pressures than those contained in Section 5. For each performance class except the highest performance class, usually AW, a maximum optional performance grade (design pressure) limit is defined. Use of products in the optional performance grades (design pressures) is desirable where severe weather conditions or wind loading are encountered. Section 4.2.3 contains a glossary of terms used in the standard. SECTION 5 contains the specific requirements for product performance. These requirements provide a gateway or passport into one of the five performance classes. There are four mandatory primary performance requirements. They are: 1) Structural adequacy to withstand wind loads, 2) Resistance to water penetration, 3) Resistance to air leakage, and 4) Forced entry resistance. Levels of performance are set forth for each window, skylight or glass door, covered by this standard. Also included as optional primary performance requirements are acoustical performance, condensation resistance, and thermal transmittance. SECTION 6 presents the material requirements applicable to all windows, skylights and glass doors. These include requirements for glazing, sash, and frame materials. SECTION 7 presents the component requirements applicable to all windows, skylights and glass doors. These include requirements for hardware, fasteners, weather-stripping, insect screens, reinforcing members, sealants, coatings and finishes, adhesives, muntin bars, mullions, trickle ventilators, between-glass shades, setting blocks, attachments, and preservatives.

SECTION 8 presents the specific product performance requirements appropriate to each type of window, skylight or glass door. These include requirements for test specimens, hardware deflection under concentrated and torsional loads, deglazing, life cycle testing, operating force, blocked operation, and safety drop. SECTION 9 contains a summary of all performance requirements included in this specification. These requirements are presented in tabular format for easy use by the specifier and include references to the applicable section of this specification organized by product operator type. Appendix A.1 contains a test method for fusion welded thermoplastic parts. The Preface, Notes, and Appendix are not part of this standard. Although not part of the standard, a companion User’s Guide is being developed to assist those seeking guidance on the proper use of the standard. The following outline of the User’s Guide is provided to indicate the scope of the companion User’s Guide. Section A contains information regarding field testing. Section B contains information regarding design wind

loads and climate zones. Section C contains a procedure for conducting

comparative analyses on fixed windows. Section D contains a table equating static pressure loads

and wind loads. Section E contains information regarding condensation. Section F contains information regarding thermal

transmittance. Section G contains information regarding window-

cleaning anchors. Section H contains information regarding general

subjects. Section I contains information regarding rounding

procedures for product testing. Section J contains information regarding the installation

of fenestration products. Section K contains information on extrusion design.


Primary units for compliance are metric. Those in parentheses are for reference only. The imperial or IP units usually shown in parentheses are for reference only and are often inexact rounded values. The user shall test only to metric values or to exact conversions of the metric values. See the User’s Guide for conversion factors and rounding procedures to be used during testing. This standard is applicable for use in testing and rating windows, skylights and glass doors, and represents the continuing development of an internationally accepted performance standard for all windows, skylights and glass doors. This standard may also be used as a basis for third-party certification of these products. The structuring of the document format to promote clarity and ease of use is indicative of the document authors’ continued commitment to improvement in performance of windows, skylights and glass doors. This standard defines requirements for five performance classes of windows, skylights and glass doors. The performance classes are designated: Residential (R), Light Commercial (LC), Commercial (C), Heavy Commercial (HC), and Architectural (AW). This classification system provides for several levels of performance. It is important to note that although general suggestions for use are given below, product selection shall always be based on the performance requirements of the particular project and not solely these suggestions. The performance class ratings shall be regarded as an indication of the level of performance, with the least stringent requirements established for the Residential Performance Class and the most stringent for the Architectural Performance Class. The purchaser or specifier shall select the appropriate level of performance depending on: climatic conditions; height of installation; type of building; window size; durability; etc. In many cases the appropriate level of performance classification will not correspond with the general use of the building, or the use group occupancy assigned to the building in accordance with the local building code. For example, many residential buildings are built in locations subject to severe weather that require higher-performance fenestration products than those that meet only the Residential requirements. On the other hand, many hospitals, schools, institutions, etc. might successfully use products meeting Residential, Light Commercial and Commercial requirements. The following descriptions shall be used as a general guide in helping to determine which class is likely best suited for a particular application:

Residential (R) – Commonly used in one and two family dwellings. In Canada, “Residential” is limited to a floor area of 600 m2 in buildings with no more than three floors. Light Commercial (LC) – Commonly used in low-rise multifamily dwellings, low-rise professional offices (Doctor, Dentist, Lawyer), libraries, and low-rise motels. Commercial (C) – Commonly used in lighter use industrial buildings and factories, hotels, and retail sales buildings. Heavy Commercial (HC) – Commonly used in hospitals, schools, institutions, dormitories, government or public buildings, and other buildings where heavy use of the fenestration products is expected. They are also be used on mid-rise buildings with increased loading requirements. Architectural (AW) – Commonly used in hospitals, schools, institutions, and public buildings, or on high-rise buildings to meet increased loading requirements. Also commonly used in buildings where possible misuse of the fenestration products is expected.

Performance is based on design pressure, which is designated by a number following the type and class designation. For example, a Double-Hung Residential window is designated H-R15 or H-RM720. The number, in this case “15” or “720”, establishes the design pressure of 15 psf or 720 Pa. If the rating is desired in metric units, the design pressure in pascals shall be preceded by an “M”. The structural test pressure for all windows, skylights and glass doors is 50% higher than the design pressure. The water resistance test pressure for all R, LC, C, and HC windows, skylights and glass doors is a minimum of 15% of the design pressure. The water resistance test pressure for all AW windows, skylights and glass doors is a minimum of 20% of the design pressure. However, in no case shall the water resistance test pressure ever be less than 140 Pa (2.86 psf). Water test pressure shall be capped at 720 Pa (15psf). AW products have the same design pressure and structural test pressure minimum requirements as HC products. A limit to deflection of L/175 under the uniform load deflection test has also been established for all AW and HC products. Generally, improved water penetration resistance and air leakage requirements have been specified for AW products compared to those specified for HC products. Operable AW products are required to also pass the life cycle testing in AAMA 910, “Voluntary ‘Life Cycle’ Specifications and Test Methods for Architectural Grade Windows and Sliding Glass Doors” in addition to the unglazed component structural tests as required for HC products.


Minimum design pressures, structural test pressures, and water resistance test pressures for the five performance classes are:

Product Performance Class

Minimum Design Pressure, Pa (psf)

Minimum Structural Test Pressure, Pa (psf)

Minimum Water Resistance Test Pressure, Pa (psf)

Residential 720 (15) 1080 (22.5) 140 (2.86)

Light Commercial 1200 (25) 1800 (37.5) 180 (3.75)

Commercial 1440 (30) 2160 (45.0) 220 (4.50)

Heavy Commercial 1920 (40) 2880 (60.0) 290 (6.00)

Architectural 1920 (40) 2880 (60.0) 390 (8.00) TABLE P.1

HOW TO USE THESE SPECIFICATIONS To simplify the writing of performance specifications for windows, skylights and glass doors, the authors have prepared a “Short Form Specification” which is recommended for use whenever possible. It may be used for most common types and classes of windows, skylights and glass doors by merely inserting the applicable specification designation(s). SHORT FORM SPECIFICATION All windows, skylights and glass doors shall conform to the (see Note below) voluntary specification(s) in NAFS – 2000, be labeled with the “AAMA”, “CWDMA”, or “WDMA” label, have the sash arrangement(s) and be of the size(s) shown on the drawings and be as manufactured by or or approved equal. Note to the Specification Writer: Insert type, class and design pressure of window, skylight or glass door desired by specification designation such as HS-R15 or HS-RM720 for horizontal sliding windows for residential-type buildings, AP-C30 or AP-CM1440 for projected windows in commercial-type construction, TH-HC40 or TH-HCM1920 for top-hinged windows in heavy commercial-type buildings, etc. For specification designations, see list in Table of Contents and detailed requirements in Section 8. Product designation codes are explained in Section 4.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This standard was developed by a task force composed of representative members from AAMA, CSA, CWDMA, NFRC, NRC/IRC, and WDMA as advisory information and published as a public service. AAMA, CSA, CWDMA, NFRC, NRC/IRC, WDMA, and the individual task group members disclaim all liability for the use, application or adaptation of materials published herein. While the intention of the developing organizations was to have a single performance standard applicable in Canada and the United States that goal has not yet been achieved. This version of the standard has been approved by the members of AAMA and WDMA as published. There is no intent expressed or written to imply approval by any of the organizations representing Canada. This acknowledgement is a simple statement of the contributions on both sides of the border. It is the responsibility of the users of the standard to judge its suitability for their particular purpose. American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA) 1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550 Schaumburg, IL 60173 USA Phone: (847) 303-5664 Fax: (847) 303-5774 E-Mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.aamanet.org Canadian Standards Association (CSA) 178 Rexdale Boulevard Etobicoke, Ontario M9W 1R3 Canada Phone: (416) 747-4263 Fax: (416) 747-2474 E-Mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.csa.ca

Canadian Window and Door Manufacturers Association (CWDMA) 27 Goulburn Avenue Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8C7 Canada Phone: (613) 233-9804 Fax: (613) 233-1929 E-Mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.cwdma.ca National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) 1300 Spring Street Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA Phone: (301) 589-6372 Fax: (301) 588-0854 E-Mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.NFRC.org

National Research Council Canada (NRC/IRC) Montreal Road, Building M-24 Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6 Canada Phone: (613) 993-2013 Fax: (613) 954-3733 Web Site: www.NRC.ca Window and Door Manufacturers Association (WDMA) 1400 East Touhy Avenue, Suite 470 Des Plaines, IL 60018 USA Phone: (847) 299-5200 Fax: (847) 299-1286 E-Mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.WDMA.com


This standard was developed by consensus, which is defined as:

“substantial agreement reached by concerned interests. Consensus includes an attempt to remove all objections and implies much more than the concept of a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity.”

It is therefore consistent with this definition that any one task force member need not be in full agreement with all sections of this standard. The task force continues to be active, most notably for the purpose of revising the standard as necessary to achieve approval between Canadian and American interests and for the purpose of periodic reviews of this standard, and to address requests for interpretation of this standard. All suggestions for improvement of this standard will be fully considered by the task force. All inquiries regarding this standard, including requests for interpretation, should be addressed to one of the two associations listed previously. All requests for interpretation should:

(a) Fully define the issue, making reference to the specific section, and, where appropriate, include an illustrative sketch. (b) Provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding any actual field conditions related to the issue. (c) Where possible, be phrased to permit a specific “yes” or “no” response.

NOTE: Where applicable throughout this standard, the use of singular terms is not intended to exclude any plural meaning, and vice versa.

2.0 APPLICATION SCOPE This fenestration standard applies to both operating and fixed, prime and replacement windows, skylights and glass doors, installed into exterior building envelopes. This standard concerns itself with the determination of design pressure and related performance ratings for windows, skylights and glass doors. Performance requirements are used in this standard when possible. Prescriptive requirements are used when necessary. When units are tested to the gateway requirements, or to the gateway and optional requirements, a rating is determined and a test report is issued. Certification procedures are not part of this standard. This standard applies to testing and rating units. The

tested rating applies to units of identical construction, with width and height less than or equal to the tested size. Perimeter sealant joints and fastening into different rough opening materials are not part of this standard. Various systems have been developed or are proposed for determining a product energy rating based on such factors as U-Factor, Solar Heat Gain Coefficient, Air Infiltration and Visible Transmittance (Visible Light Transmission). These rating systems are beyond the scope of this standard. Fenestration products which are not intended to be tested to this standard include;

A. Interior Windows and Doors B. Vehicular Access Doors (Garage doors) C. Sloped Glazing (other than Skylights or Roof

Windows) D. Entry Doors (other than Glass Doors) E. Curtain Wall and Storefront F. Storm Windows and Doors G. Commercial Entrance Systems H. Sunrooms

3.0 REFERENCE STANDARDS The following standards and specifications are a part of this specification only where referenced: AAMA (American Architectural Manufacturers Association) AAMA 103.3-93, Certification Procedural Guide AAMA 303-97, Voluntary Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Exterior Profile Extrusions AAMA 304-98, Voluntary Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Exterior Profiles Capped with ASA or ASA/PVC Blends AAMA 305-98, Voluntary Specification for Fiberglass Reinforced Thermoset Profiles AAMA 310-97, Voluntary Specifications for Reinforced Thermoplastic Profiles AAMA 502-90, Voluntary Specification for Field Testing of Windows and Sliding Glass Doors AAMA 505-98, Dry Shrinkage and Composite Performance Thermal Cycling Test Procedure AAMA 609-93, Voluntary Guide Specification for Cleaning and Maintenance of Architectural Anodized Aluminum


AAMA 610.1-79, Voluntary Guide Specification for Cleaning and Maintenance of Painted Aluminum Extrusions and Curtain Wall Panels AAMA 611-98, Voluntary Specification for Anodized Architectural Aluminum AAMA 613-98, Voluntary Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for Organic Coatings on Plastic Profiles AAMA 615-00, Voluntary Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for High Performance Organic Coatings on Plastic Profiles AAMA 620-96, Voluntary Specifications for High Performance Organic Coatings on Coil Coated Architectural Aluminum Substrates AAMA 621-96, Voluntary Specifications for High Performance Organic Coatings on Coil Coated Architectural Hot Dipped Galvanized (HDG) and Zinc-Aluminum Coated Steel Substrates AAMA 701-92 and AAMA 702-92, Combined Voluntary Specification for Pile Weatherstripping and Voluntary Specification for Replacement Fenestration Weatherseals AAMA 800-92, Voluntary Specifications and Test Methods for Sealants – containing the following specifications and test methods: AAMA 802.3-92, Ductile Back Bedding Glazing Compounds (Type I and Type II) AAMA 803.3-92, Narrow-Joint Seam Sealer (Type I and Type II) AAMA 804.1-92, Ductile Back Bedding Mastic Type Glazing Tapes AAMA 805.2-92, Bonding-Type Back Bedding Compounds AAMA 806.3-92, Bonding-Type Back Bedding Glazing Tapes AAMA 807.1-92, Back Bedding Mastic Type Glazing Tapes AAMA 808.3-92, Exterior Perimeter Sealing Compound AAMA 809.2-92, Non-Drying Sealant AAMA 810.1-92, Expanded Cellular Glazing Tape AAMA 901-96, Voluntary Specification for Rotary Operators in Window Applications

AAMA 902-98, Voluntary Specification for Sash Balances AAMA 904-96, Voluntary Specifications for Friction Hinges in Window Applications AAMA 906-96, Voluntary Specification for Sliding Glass Door Roller Assemblies AAMA 907-96, Voluntary Specification for Corrosion Resistant Coatings on Carbon Steel Components AAMA 908-98, Voluntary Specification for Friction Based Sash Balances AAMA 910-93, Voluntary ‘Life Cycle’ Specifications and Test Methods for Architectural Grade Windows and Sliding Glass Doors AAMA 1002.10-93, Voluntary Specification for Insulating Storm Products for Windows and Sliding Glass Doors AAMA 1503-98, Voluntary Test Method for Thermal Transmittance and Condensation Resistance of Windows, Doors and Glazed Wall Sections AAMA 1504-97, Voluntary Standard for Thermal Performance for Windows, Doors and Glazed Wall Sections AAMA 1702.2-85, Swinging Exterior Passage Door Voluntary Standard for Utilization in Manufactured Housing AAMA 1801-97, Voluntary Specification of the Acoustical Rating of Residential, Commercial, Heavy Commercial and Architectural Windows and Doors and Glazed Wall Sections AAMA 2603-98, Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for Pigmented Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels AAMA 2604-98, Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for High Performance Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels AAMA 2605-98, Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for Superior Performing Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels AAMA AFPA-91, Anodic Finishes/Painted Aluminum AAMA CW-DG-1-96, Curtain Wall Design Guide Manual


AAMA CWG-1-89, Installation of Aluminum Curtain Walls AAMA CW-10-97, Care and Handling of Architectural Aluminum from Shop to Site AAMA CW-11-85, Design Windloads for Buildings and Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Testing AAMA MCWM-1-89, Metal Curtain Wall Manual AAMA QAG-1-98, Quality Assurance Processing Guide for Poured and Debridged Polyurethane Thermal Barriers AAMA SFM-1-87, Aluminum Store Front and Entrance Manual AAMA TIR A1-75, Sound Control for Aluminum Curtain Walls and Windows AAMA TIR A8-90, Structural Performance of Poured and Debridged Framing Systems AAMA TIR A9-91, Metal Curtain Wall Fasteners ASM (American Society of Metals) “Aluminum Properties and Physical Metallurgy”, edited by J.E. Hatch – Chapter 7 by W. W. Binger, E. H. Hollinsworth and D. O. Spowls ANSI (American National Standards Institute) ANSI H35.2- 97, American National Standard Dimensional Tolerances for Aluminum Mill Products ANSI Z97.1-93, American National Standard for Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings – Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of Test ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers) ASCE 7-98, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) ANSI/ASME A39.1-87, Safety Requirements for Window Cleaning ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) ASTM A123-00, Specification for Zinc (Hot Dipped Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products ASTM A641-98, Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Carbon Steel Wire

ASTM A653-00, Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process ASTM B456-95, Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus Chromium and Nickel Plus Chromium ASTM B633-98, Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron and Steel ASTM B766-98, Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cadmium ASTM C509-00, Specification for Elastomeric Cellular Preformed Gasket and Sealing Material ASTM C864-99, Specification for Dense Compression Elastomeric Seal Gaskets, Setting Blocks and Spacers ASTM C920-98e1, Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants ASTM C1036-97, Specification for Flat Glass ASTM C1048-97b, Standard Specification for Heat-Treated Flat Glass---Kind HS, Kind FT Coated and Uncoated Glass ASTM C 1172-96e1, Standard Specification for Laminated Architectural Flat Glass ASTM D618-00, Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials for Testing ASTM D2240-00, Rubber Property – Durometer Hardness ASTM D3656-97, Standard Specification for Insect Screening and Louver Cloth Woven from Vinyl-Coated-Glass Fiber Yarns ASTM D4726-00, Standard Specification for Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Exterior-Profile Extrusions Used for Assembled Windows and Doors ASTM D5572-99, Specification for Adhesive Used for Finger Joint in Nonstructural Lumber Products ASTM D5751-99, Standard Specification for Adhesives Used for Laminate Joints in Nonstructural Lumber Products ASTM E29-99, Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications


ASTM E90-99, Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions ASTM E283-99, Test Method for Determining the Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls and Doors Under Specified Pressure Differences Across the Specimen ASTM E330-97e1, Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls and Doors by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference ASTM E331-00, Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls and Doors by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference ASTM E413-99, Classification for Rating Sound Insulation ASTM E547-00, Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls and Doors by Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference ASTM E774-00, Specification for Sealed Insulating Glass Units ASTM E987-94e1, Standard Test Methods for Deglazing Force of Fenestration Products ASTM E1300-00, Standard Practice for Determining the Minimum Thickness and Type of Glass Required to Resist a Specified Load ASTM E1332-98, Standard Classification for Determination of Outdoor-Indoor Transmission Class ASTM E1423-99, Practice for Determining the Steady State Thermal Transmittance of Fenestration Systems ASTM E1425-99, Practice for Determining the Acoustical Performance of Exterior Windows and Doors ASTM E2068-00, Standard Test Method to Determine the Operating and Breakaway Forces of Slliding Windows and Doors ASTM F588-97, Test Methods for Resistance of Window Assemblies to Forced Entry Excluding Glazing ASTM F842-97, Test Methods for Measurement of Forced Entry Resistance of Horizontal Sliding Door Assemblies CGSB (Canadian General Standards Board) CAN/CGSB-12.1-M90, Tempered or Laminated Safety Glass

CAN/CGSB-12.2-M91, Flat, Clear Sheet Glass CAN/CGSB-12.3-M91, Flat, Clear Float Glass CAN/CGSB-12.4-M91, Heat Absorbing Glass CAN/CGSB-12.8-M90, Insulating Glass Units CAN/CGSB-12.9-M91, Spandrel Glass CAN/CGSB-12.10-M76, Glass, Light and Heat Reflecting CAN/CGSB-12.11-M90, Wired Safety Glass CAN/CGSB-12.12-M90, Plastic Safety Glazing CAN/CGSB-12.20-M89, Structural Design of Glass for Buildings CAN/CGSB-82.5-M88, Insulated Steel Doors CPSC (Consumer Product Safety Commission) 16 CFR 1201-86, Safety Standard for Architectural Glazing Materials CSA (Canadian Standards Association) CAN/CSA A 440-M00, Windows ISWA (Insect Screen Weavers Association) ANSI/ISWA 089-90, Recommended Standards and Specifications for Insect Wire Screening (Wire Fabric) NFRC (National Fenestration Rating Council) NFRC 100-97, Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Thermal Properties SMA (Screen Manufacturers Association) ANSI/SMA 1004-97, Specifications for Aluminum Tubular Frame Screens for Windows ANSI/SMA 2006-97, Specifications for Aluminum Sliding Screen Doors ANSI/SMA 3001-97, Specifications for Aluminum Swinging Screen Doors ANSI/SMA 7001-92, Warning Label Standard for Window Insect Screens


WDMA (Window and Door Manufacturers Association) Formerly NWWDA NWWDA, Care and Finishing of Wood Windows WDMA I.S.4-99, Industry Standard for Water-Repellant Preservative Treatment for Millwork WDMA I.S. 9-88, Wood primary Entrance Doors WDMA I.S. 10-99, Testing Cellulosic Composite Materials for use in Fenestration Products WDMA T.M. 11-99, Pigmented Organic Coatings for Wood and Cellulosic Composites WDMA T.M. 12-99, Primer Coatings for Wood and Cellulosic Composites

4.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS NOTE: This section contains general information applicable to single and dual windows, skylights and glass doors, and is to be used in conjunction with sections 7 and 8. 4.1 General This voluntary specification covers requirements for single and dual windows, skylights and glass doors for new construction and replacement applications. For further information, refer to the User’s Guide. 4.1.1 Markings/Identifications When required by local code or project specification, windows, skylights and glass doors shall include a permanent identification of the product manufacturer. 4.2 Terminology As used in this specification, the following definitions and designations apply: 4.2.1 Gateway Performance Requirements Each product type has a defined “gateway” or “passport” set of primary requirements before entry into the performance class is permitted. Gateway Performance Requirements are the minimum allowable performance levels that a Gateway test specimen must achieve in order for a product to be rated with a particular classification (R, LC, C, HC or AW). The Gateway test specimen size must be equal to or larger than the specified Gateway size, in both height and width. Typically, the minimum allowable performance levels, and the Gateway size change as the classification changes. All Gateway test

specimens must achieve certain minimum performance levels for air leakage resistance, water penetration resistance, uniform load, and forced entry resistance. Also, all Gateway test specimens must achieve certain minimum performance levels for auxiliary and material tests specific to the product operator type. 4.2.2 Product Designations Window and door products included in this document are designated by a four-part code which includes product type, performance class, performance grade (design pressure) and maximum size tested. The format for product designation is: HS – LC 25 1800 x 1400 (71 x 55) Where: HS = Product Type LC = Performance Class 25 = Performance Grade (Design

Pressure) 1 1800 x 1400 (71 x 55) = Maximum Size Tested Width x

Height (1) The value shown in IP units approximates corresponding metric requirement in pascals (Pa). Figure 4.1 NOTE: An asterisk (*) added to the size designation indicates the size tested was an additional test unit that was smaller than the minimum gateway test size for the original product type and performance class. Roof windows and skylights included in this document are designated by a five-part code, which includes product type, performance class, performance grade positive design pressure (long duration), negative design pressure (short duration) and size tested. SKG R30 20 1200x1200 (47x47) Where: SKG = Product Type R = Performance Class 30 = Performance Grade Positive

Design Pressure (Long Duration)

20 = Negative Design Pressure (Short Duration)

1200x1200 (47x47) = Maximum Size Tested Width x Height

Figure 4.2

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4.2.2.1 Product Type Each product type and class requires minimum gateway test sizes for entry into the performance class. Window, skylight and glass door product types covered in this document are as follows:

AP = Awning, Hopper, Projected Windows

BW = Basement Windows

C = Casement Windows

DA = Dual Action Windows

DA-HGD = Dual Action Hinged Glass Doors

F = Fixed Windows

GH = Greenhouse Windows

H = Hung Windows (Single, Double, Triple)

HE = Hinged Rescue Windows

HGD = Hinged Glass Doors

HP = Horizontally Pivoted Windows

HS = Horizontal Sliding Windows

J = Jalousie Windows

JA = Jal-Awning Windows

RW = Roof Windows

SGD = Sliding Glass Doors

SHW = Side Hinged Inswinging Windows

SLT = Side lite

SP = Specialty Products

SKG = Skylights/Glass Glazed

SKP = Skylights/Plastic Glazed

TA = Tropical Awning Windows

TR = Transom

TH = Top Hinged Windows

VP = Vertically Pivoted Windows

VS = Vertical Sliding Windows

TABLE 4.1 4.2.2.2 Performance Class Window, skylight, and glass door products covered by this specification shall be divided into five Performance Classes as follows:

R = Residential

LC = Light Commercial

C = Commercial

HC = Heavy Commercial

AW = Architectural

TABLE 4.2 4.2.2.3 Performance Grade (Design Pressure) Products are designated by the Performance Grade (Design Pressure) for which they have been tested in pascals (psf). The structural test pressure for all products is 1.5 times the design pressure.

The designation for product Performance Grade (Design Pressure) has been maintained in the approximate inch-pound system because of widespread acceptance of this designation system by architects and specifiers. The specification is in metric primary units to be consistent with requirements for metric conversion in the United States and the primary measurement systems of Canada and Mexico. Units shown in ( ) are for reference ONLY and shall not be used for testing purposes. Each performance class shall have a minimum Performance Grade (Design Pressure) as follows:

Windows and Doors

Performance Class

Performance Grade

Design Pressure

R = 15 = 720 Pa (15 psf)

LC = 25 = 1200 Pa (25 psf)

C = 30 = 1440 Pa (30 psf)

HC = 40 = 1920 Pa (40 psf)

AW = 40 = 1920 Pa (40 psf)

TABLE 4.3a

Skylights

Performance Class

Performance Grade

Design Pressure

R = 15/15 = 720 Pa (15 psf)

C = 30/30 = 1440 Pa (30 psf)

HC = 40/40 = 1920 Pa (40 psf)

TABLE 4.3b In addition, products shall be permitted to be tested to optional Performance Grades (Design Pressures) higher than the minimum grade. (See Section 4.2.2.5, Optional Performance) Products which have been tested as dual windows as specified in Section 4.4, shall have the code DW added to their product designation after the product type. An example of product designation for a dual window would be: HS-DW-LC25 1800 x 1400. 4.2.2.4 Maximum Size Tested Maximum size tested is required on designations reporting or recording individual product performance. This part of the product designation code should be omitted when specifying products to this standard. The maximum test size shall be designated by width times (x) height in millimeters, for example 705 x 1503. Test size is a critical factor in determining compliance with this standard. Each product type has a defined “gateway” or “passport” set of requirements. One of these Gateway requirements is minimum gateway test size. Products shall be tested at the minimum gateway

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 11

test size or a larger specimen size as a condition of entering the class. After passing all of the performance requirements for the product, class and grade, the product shall be designated with the appropriate class, i.e., LC for Light Commercial. This designation shall only be applied to production sizes equal to or smaller than the size tested. NOTE: The user is advised not to confuse the terms “Minimum Test Size” and “Maximum Size Tested”. In order to claim that a product is entitled to be included in a given Performance Class, it shall meet or exceed all of the minimum requirements for the Performance Class. This set of minimum requirements are called the Gateway Requirements for the Performance Classs. “Minimum Test Size” is one of the Gateway Requirements for entry into the Performance Classes. After entering the Performance Class, the manufacturer is permitted to test a second time at a reduced specimen size. The first test at the “Minimum Test Size” provides apples to apples comparisons of products rated in the same Performance Class. Since the second test is not required to be at the “Minimum Test Size”, it becomes necessary to report to the user the actual specimen size during the second test. This reporting function is fulfilled by indicating the “Maximum Size Tested”. For this reason the “Maximum

Size Tested (MST)” is a mandatory part of the product rating but should never be included in a project specification. There are two options for selection of a product specimen to be tested for Optional Performance Grade (design pressure) levels: 1) The original Gateway Performance specimen is tested again to higher grade levels, or; 2) Another test specimen of equal or smaller size is tested to the higher grade. If the test specimen is smaller than the Gateway test size, an asterisk (*) shall be appended to the

product designation, see section 4.2.2. Persons wishing to prove compliance with both the Gateway and the Optional Performance requirements on the same test specimen, shall test a specimen equal to or greater than the minimum gateway test size for that product type. Any geometric shape that fits within the rectangular Gateway or larger test sizes for a particular operator type in 4.2.2.1, providing the framing, sash, hardware, components and construction remain the same, is qualified by the rectangular shape. The tested sash size cannot be exceeded in a specialty product for any reason.

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FIGURE 4.3 – EXAMPLES OF SPECIALTY PRODUCTS

Maximum Size Tested > Minimum gateway

test size

Qualified by the Maximum Size Tested

NOT qualified by the Maximum Size Tested


Outswing


test size





test size




Fixed Window


test size




Outswing


test size


Outswing


Inswing


101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 13

4.2.2.5 Optional Performance Grades (Design Pressures) NOTE: This section contains additional requirements and tests for products when required by the specifier. It incorporates both higher uniform load deflection and structural test pressures and higher water penetration resistance test pressures than those contained in Section 9. As specified below, this section is to be used in conjunction with Section 8. All products tested under this section are required to conform to all of the particular requirements of Sections 7, 8 and 9 for the product designation under consideration. Prior to being considered for an Optional Performance Grade (design pressure), a product must: • comply with the general requirements of Sections 5, 6

and 7; • comply with the Gateway Performance Requirements for

the minimum Performance Grade listed in Section 8; • comply with all of the specific product performance

requirements listed in Section 8 for that product type; • comply with all of the appropriate material and

component requirements listed in Section 6.

After complying with these requirements at the minimum gateway test size for that product, a product is permitted to be tested in the same or a smaller test size for conformance to an Optional Performance Grade (design pressure) in multiple increments of 240 Pa (5 psf) as listed in Table 4.4. Optional Performance Grades (design pressures) shall not be allowed for design pressures greater than the Gateway design pressure for the Performance Class plus 2880 Pa (60 psf) except in the case of the highest Performance Class indicated in section 8 for each Operator Type. For example, Residential products shall not be rated at a design pressure greater than 3600 Pa (75 psf). Light Commercial products shall be capped at 4080 Pa (85 psf), Commercial products shall be capped at 4320 Pa (90 psf) and Heavy Commercial products shall be capped at 4800 Pa (100 psf). AW product Optional Performance Grades (design pressures) shall never be capped. See section 5.1 for testing sequence.

Water Pent. Resist. Test Pressure Design Pressure

Structural Test Pressure R, LC, C and HC AW

Optional Performance

Grade

Product Performance

Class Pa (lb/ft2) Pa (lb/sq ft2) Pa (lb/sq ft2) Pa (lb/sq ft2)

20 R 960 (20.00) 1440 (30.00) 150 (3.00) - -

25 R 1200 (25.00) 1800 (37.50) 180 (3.75) - -

30 R, LC 1440 (30.00) 2160 (45.00) 220 (4.50) - -

35 R, LC,C 1680 (35.00) 2520 (52.50) 260 (5.25) - -

40 R, LC, C 1920 (40.00) 2880 (60.00) 290 (6.00) - -

45 R, LC, C, HC, AW 2160 (45.00) 3240 (67.50) 330 (6.75) 440 (9.00)

50 R, LC, C, HC, AW 2400 (50.00) 3600 (75.00) 360 (7.50) 480 (10.00)

55 R, LC, C, HC, AW 2640 (55.00) 3960 (82.50) 400 (8.25) 530 (11.00)

60 R, LC, C, HC, AW 2880 (60.00) 4320 (90.00) 440 (9.00) 580 (12.00)

65 R, LC, C, HC, AW 3120 (65.00) 4680 (97.50) 470 (9.75) 630 (13.00)

70 R, LC, C, HC, AW 3360 (70.00) 5040 (105.00) 510 (10.50) 680 (14.00)

75 R, LC, C, HC, AW 3600 (75.00) 5400 (112.50) 540 (11.25) 720 (15.00)

80 LC, C, HC, AW 3840 (80.00) 5760 (120.00) 580 (12.00) 720 (15.00)

85 LC, C, HC, AW 4080 (85.00) 6120 (127.50) 620 (12.75) 720 (15.00)

90 C, HC, AW 4320 (90.00) 6480 (135.00) 650 (13.50) 720 (15.00)

95 HC, AW 4560 (95.00) 6840 (142.50) 690 (14.25) 720 (15.00)

100 HC, AW 4800 (100.00) 7200 (150.00) 720 (15.00) 720 (15.00)

105 AW 5040 (105.00) 7560 (157.50) 720 (15.00) 720 (15.00)

TABLE 4.4

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4.2.2.5.1 Optional Performance Grade (Design Pressure) - Skylights For skylights, Optional Performance Grades (design pressures) shall not be allowed for design pressures greater than the Gateway design pressure for the Performance Class plus 5750 Pa (120 psf). For example, Residential products shall not be rated at a design pressure greater than 6470 Pa (135 psf). Commercial products shall be capped at 7190 Pa (150 psf), except that HC product Optional Performance Grades (design pressures) shall never be capped. Skylights and roof windows can be rated at different positive and/or negative design pressures, at the manufacturer’s discretion, for applicable project requirements. For example, a product intended for coastal application where a specified design pressure (negative up-lift) is required and a positive design pressure is minimum, the residential product shall be rated as follows: SKG R20 50 1200 x 1200 Where: R20 = Performance Grade Positive Design Pressure

(Long Duration) 50 = Negative Design Pressure (Short Duration) FIGURE 4.4 Also, if the positive design pressure is the primary requirement for the project and the negative design pressure is not a factor, the residential product shall be rated as follows: SKG R90 20 1200 x 1200 Where: R90 = Performance Grade Positive Design Pressure

(Long Duration) 20 = Negative Design Pressure (Short Duration) FIGURE 4.5

4.2.3 Glossary ACCREDITED LABORATORY: A laboratory which has been accredited by an accrediting agency as meeting all of the criteria necessary for testing windows, skylights, and glass doors such as independence, technical competence, equipment calibration, technician training program and quality control procedures. ACTIVE PANEL: The panel of a multi-paneled door assembly which must be moved to provide access. ACOUSTICS: The science of sound and sound control. ADJUSTABLE: Accessible without major re-construction of the window, skylight, or glass door , i.e., adjustable hardware requirements. AIR GAP (also AIR SPACE): Refers to the space between lites (panes) of insulating glass. AIR LEAKAGE: The flow of air which passes through closed and locked fenestration products. ANODIZED ALUMINUM: Aluminum treated by electrolysis to develop a finished surface. The resulting finish shall be either clear or colored, and is an integral part of the aluminum. ASTRAGAL: A molding attached to one of a pair of door panels or side-hinged window sash in order to prevent swing-through; also used with sliding doors to insure a tighter fit where the panels meet. AWNING WINDOW: (See Awning, Hopper, Projected Window) AWNING, HOPPER AND PROJECTED WINDOWS: A window consisting of one or more sash hinged at the top or bottom which project outward or inward from the plane of the frame. An awning (POB or THPO) rotates about its top hinge and projects outward. A hopper window (PIT or BHPI) rotates about its bottom hinge and projects inward. Top Hinged Projecting In and Bottom Hinged Projecting Out are also included in this category. They shall contain one or more operable sash, fixed lites, or transoms in various composites. B.T.U.: Abbreviation for British Thermal Unit, commonly shown as ‘BTU’: the heat required to increase the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit. BALANCE: A mechanical device used in hung windows as a means of counter-balancing the weight of the sash during opening and closing.

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BASEMENT WINDOW: Basement windows usually have a sash which projects inward. Any window operator type may be tested as a basement window provided it is intended only for use at or below grade for the purpose of ventilating a basement or cellar. Products shall be permitted to include a screen or a storm sash and usually include provisions for emergency escape or rescue from the basement area. BAY WINDOW: A combination window consisting of two or more individual windows joined side by side and which projects away from the wall on which it is installed. Center windows, if used are parallel to the wall on which the bay window is installed. The two side windows are angled with respect to the outer window. Common angles are 30O and 45 O, although other angles are sometimes employed. BITE: A term used in glazing referring to the dimension by which the inner or outer edge of the frame or glazing stop overlaps the edge of the glazing. BOW WINDOW (also COMPASS, RADIAL BAY WINDOW): A rounded bay window that projects from a wall in the shape of an arc. BREAKAWAY FORCE: The force required to initiate a sash or panel in motion from a fully closed position. BRICK MOLDING: Standard trim piece to cover the gap between the window frame and masonry (or siding material). CASEMENT WINDOW: A window consisting of one or more sash hinged to open from the side (adjacent to the jambs), which project outward or inward from the plane of the window in the vertical plane. A conventional casement window projects outward. They shall be permitted to contain one or more operable sash, fixed lites, or transoms in various composites. CELLULOSIC COMPOSITE: A composite whose ingredients include cellulosic elements. These cellulosic elements can appear in the form of, but are not limited to: distinct fibers, fiber bundles, particles, wafers, flakes, strands and veneers. These elements shall be permitted to be bonded together with naturally occurring or synthetic polymers. Also, additives such as wax or preservatives are permitted to be added to enhance performance. CERTIFICATION: A process that indicates a representative sample of a product line has been tested, that the product meets specified requirements, and that the product is subject to ongoing inspections by an outside certification agency. CHECK RAIL: (See Meeting Rail)

CHEMICALLY BONDED: When related to a welded corner, a process where the two polymer profiles or pieces are heated and fused together with the aid of a chemical reaction. The reaction and bonding is similar to the original extrusion process. CLOSING FORCE: (See Operating force) COMBINATION ASSEMBLY: Formed by a combination of two or more separate window or glass door units whose frames are mulled together utilizing a combination mullion or reinforcing mullion. COMMERCIAL ENTRANCE SYSTEM: Products used for ingress and rescue in non-residential buildings. Commercial entrance systems typically utilize panic hardware, automatic closers and relatively large amounts of glass. Commercial entrance systems are typically subject to high use and possibly abuse. COMPOSITE UNIT: A window or glass door unit consisting of two or more sash or panels within a single frame utilizing an integral mullion. (Not to be confused with products made from composite materials.) CONCENTRATED LOAD: A force applied to a fixed point on a window or door component. CONDENSATION: The deposition of moisture (liquid water or frost) on the surface of an object caused by warm moist air coming into contact with a colder object. CORROSION: The deterioration of a material by chemical or electro-chemical reaction resulting from exposure to weathering, moisture, chemicals or other agents or media. CURTAIN WALL: An external nonbearing wall, intended to separate the exterior and interior environments. DEFLECTION: Displacement of a member under an applied load. DESIGN PRESSURE (DP): The windload pressure to which a product is tested and rated to withstand. DESIGN WIND LOAD: The windload pressure a product is required by the specifier to withstand in its end use application. DIRECT GLAZED: Glazing glazed or installed directly into a frame. The resulting fixed unit has no sash. DIVIDER: Member which divides glazing into separate vision areas. It shall be structural or decorative. [other common terms are; Muntins, True Divided Lites (TDL), Simulated Divided Lite (SDL), grills, grids, or bars in glass]

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DOOR: A Building component for opening or closing an opening in a wall that allows normal access or passage. DOOR ASSEMBLY: A complete assembly as installed, comprising door frame and one or more panels, together with its essential hardware. DOOR FRAME: Part of the door assembly, anchored to the building, in which the door panel or panels move. DOOR PANEL: (See Panel) DOUBLE GLAZING: In general, any use of two thicknesses of glass, separated by a space, within an opening, to improve insulation against heat transfer and/or sound transmission. DOUBLE-HUNG WINDOW: A window consisting of vertically operating windows in which the sash weight is offset by a counterbalancing mechanism mounted in the window. Both sash in a double-hung window are operable. DUAL ACTION WINDOW: A window consisting of a sash that tilts from the top and swings inward from the side for cleaning of the outside surface. Also referred to as Tilt-Turn windows. DUAL ACTION HINGED GLASS DOOR: A door consisting of one or more glazed panels contained within an overall frame designed such that one of the glazed panels is operable in a swing mode and can be tilted inward from the top for ventilation. DUAL WINDOW: A window consisting of one of the configurations listed in Section 4 and offered by the manufacturer as a complete factory pre-assembled or integral unit. Operation of the primary and secondary sash shall be completely independent of each other. Dual windows are marketed and tested as integral units. ENTRY DOOR (other than GLASS DOOR): Any exterior doors other than glass doors that provide ingress or rescue. ESCAPE WINDOW: A window designed to facilitate emergency escape and rescue where a conventional window design would be insufficient to comply with applicable building codes or project requirements. Two such types are the basement window and the hinged rescue window. FENESTRATION: Openings in a building wall, such as windows, skylights, and glass doors designed to permit the passage of air, light, or people. FIXED WINDOW: area window designed to be non-operable and consist of a glazed frame or a non-operating sash within a frame. This category does not include non-operable skylights.

FLOAT GLASS: Flat glass that has been formed on molten metal, commonly tin. The surface in contact with the tin is known as the tin surface or tin side. The top surface is known as the atmosphere side or air side. FORCED ENTRY RESISTANCE: The ability of a window or glass door in the locked position to resist entry under a specified load and conditions. (Also referred to as FER.) FRAME: The enclosing structure of a window, skylight or glass door which fits into the wall or roof opening and receives either glass, sash or vents. FULLY TEMPERED GLASS: Flat or bent glass that has been heat-treated to a high surface and/or edge compression to meet the requirements of ASTM C 1048, kind FT or CAN CGSB 12.1. Fully tempered glass, if broken, will fracture into many small pieces (dice) which are more or less cubical. Fully tempered glass is approximately four times stronger than annealed glass of the same thickness when exposed to uniform static pressure loads. Outside of North America, sometimes called “toughened glass”. FUSION WELDED: (See Welded) GAP: The nominal clearance between two adjacent surfaces and/or edges. GARAGE DOOR: (See Vehicular Access Door) GARDEN WINDOW: (See Greenhouse Window) GATEWAY PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS: The requirements for minimum gateway test size, air leakage resistance, structural design load and overload testing, water penetration testing, forced entry resistance and auxiliary testing which are the conditions permitting a product entry into a performance class. They are specifically indicated for each product operator type in section 8 of this standard. GLASS: A hard brittle substance, usually transparent, made by fusing materials such as soda ash (NA2CO3), limestone (CaCO3) and sand under high temperatures. GLASS DOOR: A door consisting of one or more glazed operable panels. Each panel in a glass door, whether fixed or operable, shall have a vision area between 25% and 95% as compared to the overall panel size of a gateway-size unit. GLAZING: (n) A generic term used to describe an infill material such as glass. (v) The process of installing an infill material into a prepared opening in windows, skylights, or glass doors. GLAZING BEAD (also GLASS STOP): Removable trim that holds glazing in place or covers the glazing edge.

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 17

GLAZING CHANNEL: Groove in the sash, panel or frame intended to accommodate the glazing. GREENHOUSE WINDOW (GARDEN WINDOW): A window consisting of a three-dimensional, five-sided structure, with provisions made for supporting plants and flowers in the enclosed space outside the plane of the wall. Operating sash are allowed but are not required. HANDLE: A component which enables the movement of a sash or panel or which activates a mechanism which locks or unlocks a sash or panel. HARDWARE: All the necessary equipment to retain, operate and lock or unlock the sash or panel within the frame. HEAD: The horizontal member forming the top of the frame. HEAT-STRENGTHENED GLASS: Flat or bent glass that has been heat-treated to a specific surface and/or edge compression range to meet the requirements of ASTM C 1048, kind HS. Heat-strengthened glass is approximately two times as strong as annealed glass of the same thickness when exposed to uniform static pressure loads. Heat-strengthened glass is not considered safety glass and will not completely dice as with fully tempered glass. HEAT-TREATED: Term used for both fully tempered glass and heat-strengthened glass. HINGED RESCUE WINDOW: A window consisting of any primary window that is mounted into a stationary perimeter frame and is permanently hinged at one jamb to permit inswinging or outswinging at least 90o. (See Rescue Windows, Basement Windows) HINGED GLASS DOOR: A door consisting of one or more operable glazed panels within a common frame. The operable panels are side hinged and are either in-swinging or out-swinging but not both directions. (See Glass Doors, Hinged Glass Doors, Sliding Glass Doors, Dual Action Hinged Glass Doors). HOPPER WINDOW: (See Awning, Hopper, Projected Window) HORIZONTAL PIVOTED WINDOW: (See Pivoted Window) HORIZONTAL SLIDING WINDOW: A window consisting of units which contain manually operated sash which slide horizontally within a common frame. Operating sash (X), and a fixed lite (O) comprising a unit are termed single sliders (XO) or (OX). When two operating sash are separated by a fixed lite, the unit is termed a picture slide, or end vent (XOX)). When two fixed lites are separated by an operating sash, the unit is

termed a center slide (OXO). When two bi-parting sash are located at the center of the unit with fixed lites at each end, the unit is termed a bi-part center slide (OXXO). When adjacent sash by-pass one another, the unit is termed a double slide (XX or XXO) or a double slide and vent (XXX). HUNG WINDOW: A window consisting of vertically sliding windows which utilize counter-balancing devices to allow the sash to be opened to any variable position between its fully open and fully closed limits. Common types are single-hung, double-hung and triple-hung. (See Vertical Sliding Windows) INSULATING GLASS UNIT: Two or more lites of glass spaced apart and hermetically sealed to form a single-glazed unit with an air or gas filled space(s) between each lite. (Commonly called IG Units.) INTEGRAL VENTILATING SYSTEMS/DEVICES: An apparatus that is independent from but installed into a window, skylight, or glass door product for the purpose of controlling the transfer of air through the window, glass door or skylight product. INTERIOR DOOR: An installed door not exposed to the exterior. INTERIOR WINDOW: An installed window not exposed to the exterior. JAL-AWNING WINDOW: A window consisting of a multiplicity of top-hinged sash arranged in a vertical series within a common frame, each operated by its own control device which swings the bottom edges of the sash outward. (See also Jalousie Window, Tropical Windows, Tropical Awning Windows) JALOUSIE WINDOW: A window consisting of a series of overlapping horizontal frameless louvers which pivot simultaneously in a common frame and are actuated by one or more operating devices so that the bottom edge of each louver swings outward and the top edge swings inward during operation JAMB(S): The upright or vertical members forming the side of the frame. KNOCKED DOWN (KD): A KD product is, shipped in a disassembled condition and later assembled according to the instructions of the manufacturer utilizing all of the components supplied or specified by the manufacturer LAMINATED GLASS: Two or more lites of glass permanently bonded together with one or more plastic interlayers.

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LITE (LIGHT): Another term for a pane of glass used in a window, skylight, or glass door . Frequently spelled "Lite" in industry literature to avoid confusion with light as in "visible light". MEETING RAIL: One of the two horizontal members of a sliding sash which come together when in the closed position. A check rail. MEETING STILE: One of the two vertical members of a sliding sash which come together when in the closed position. A check stile. MOISTURE CONTENT: Percentage of dry weight of which is composed of water, such as in wood. MINIMUM GATEWAY TEST SIZE: The test specimen size specified to enter a Performance Class at the lowest or minimum level. MULLION: (See mullion types defined below and in Section 7.8.)

INTEGRAL MULLION: A horizontal or vertical member which is bounded at both ends by crossing frame members. COMBINATION MULLION: A horizontal or vertical member formed by joining two or more individual fenestration units together without a mullion stiffener. REINFORCING MULLION: A horizontal or vertical member with an added continuous mullion stiffener and joining two or more individual fenestration units along the sides of the mullion stiffener. MULLION STIFFENER: An additional reinforcing member used in a reinforcing mullion. Mullion stiffeners shall be designed to carry all of the load or shall share the load with adjacent framing members.

MUNTIN: (See DIVIDER) NON-HUNG WINDOW: A window consisting of vertically sliding windows which utilize mechanical retainers or slide bolts to allow the sash to be opened to any one of the pre-selected positions between its fully open and fully closed limits. (See Vertical Sliding Windows) OPERABLE WINDOW: Window which is intended to be opened and closed. OPERATING FORCE: The forces required to maintain a sash (or panel) in motion in either the opening or closing direction.

OUTDOOR-INDOOR TRANSMISSION CLASS (OITC): A single number rating calculated in accordance with ASTM E 1332, using values of outdoor-indoor transmission loss. It provides an estimate of the sound insulation performance of a façade or building elements. The frequency range used is typical of outdoor traffic noises. OVERALL DIMENSIONS: External height and width of the product, expressed in millimeters or inches. PANEL: A part of a fenestration product, usually a door or side lite, composed of a lite of glass and surrounded by a frame. Panels can be fixed in place or movable. Similar to a sash. PATIO DOOR: (See Hinged Glass Door or Sliding Glass Door) For the purposes of this standard only, Hinged Glass Doors and Sliding Glass Doors as defined in the standard are considered to be patio doors. PERFORMANCE CLASS: There are five performance classes; R – Residential, LC – Light Commercial, C – Commercial, HC – Heavy Commercial and AW – Architectural.). This classification system provides for several levels of performance so that the purchaser or specifier is permitted to select the appropriate level of performance depending on climatic conditions, height of installation, type of building, etc. PERFORMANCE GRADE (design Pressure): The minimum level of design pressure, (air, water, wind) a product must be tested at to achieve a particular rating. PERMANENT SET: The measure of deflection remaining in a member after the application and release of a load. PIVOT: Axis or hardware about which a window rotates. PIVOTED WINDOW: A window consisting of a sash which pivots about an axis within the frame. The pivoting action of the window allows for easy access to clean the outside surfaces of the window. Two common types are the 180 degree compression seal pivoting window and the 360 degree pivoting window. PRESSURE: Differential force per unit area between the interior and exterior surfaces of the test specimen. PRIMARY WINDOW: That window in a dual window unit so designated by the manufacturer, capable of protecting the building's interior from climatic elements as opposed to a secondary window used mainly for energy conservation. RAIL (See also HEAD, TOP, BOTTOM and MEETING RAIL): Horizontal member of a window sash or door panel.

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REINFORCEMENT: Material added to individual sash or frame members to increase strength and/or stiffness. RESCUE WINDOW: A window providing rescue as defined in applicable building codes. (See also Escape Window) ROOF WINDOW: A roof window is a sloped application of a fenestration product that provides for in-reach operation or rotation of the sash to facilitate cleaning of the exterior surfaces from the interior of the building. This application shall also be permitted to allow for rescue situations. ROUGH OPENING: The opening in a wall or roof into which a window, skylight, glass door, or rough buck is to be installed. SAFETY GLASS: A strengthened or reinforced glass that is less subject to breakage or splintering, such as glass for doors, skylights and some windows. (See Tempered Glass and Laminated Glass) SASH: The portion of a window or skylight which includes the glass and framing sections which are directly attached to the glass. Normally, the moving segment of a window, although sash are sometimes fixed. SCREEN: A product used with a window or door, consisting of a four-sided frame surrounding a mesh of wire or plastic material used to keep out insects. The screen can be removable, or it can be rolled side to side or up and down. For purposes of this standard, screens are not for the purpose of providing security or to provide for the retention of objects or persons from the interior. SEALANT: A compound used to fill and seal a joint or opening. Also the material used to seal the edges of insulating glass. SEALED DOUBLE GLASS: See Insulating Glass. SECONDARY WINDOW: That window in a dual window unit so designated by the manufacturer, used on the exterior of, or interior of, and in tandem with a primary window for the purpose of energy conservation or acoustical enhancement. Secondary windows are not intended to be used by themselves as primary windows. SERVICEABLE: Accessible without major re-construction of the window, skylight or glass door. SIDE-HINGED (INSWINGING) WINDOW: A window consisting of sash hinged at the jambs and swing inward using exposed butt hinges or concealed butt hinges and in some cases friction hinges. (See Hinged Windows, Top Hinged Windows)

SIDE LITE (also MARGIN LIGHT): Non-operable windows that are used as companion windows installed on one or both sides of glass doors. Side lites shall be permitted to consist of a glazed frame or a non-operable sash within a frame. For purposes of compliance with this specification, side lites shall not exceed 700 mm (27 in) in width. SINGLE-HUNG WINDOW: Window similar to the double-hung window, except the top sash is non-operable. SINGLE GLAZED: Glazing that is just one layer of glass or other glazing material. SKYLIGHT: sloped or horizontal application of a fenestration product in an out-of-reach application, which allows for natural daylighting. Skylights shall be either fixed (non-operable) or venting (operating). Unlike roof windows, skylights need not provide provisions for cleaning of exterior surfaces from the interior of the building. SLIDER: (See Horizontal Sliding Window) SLIDING GLASS DOORS: A door consisting of manually operated panels, one or more of which slide horizontally within a common frame. Operating panel (X) and a fixed lite (O) comprising a unit are termed single sliders (XO or OX). When two operating panels are separated by a fixed lite, the unit is termed a picture slide or end vent (XOX). When two fixed lites are separated by an operating panel, the unit is termed a center slide (OXO). When two bi-parting panels are located at the center of the unit with fixed lites ate each end, the unit is termed a bi-part center slide (OXXO). When adjacent panels by-pass one another, the unit is termed a double slide (XX or XXO) or a double slide and vent (XXX). (See Glass Doors, Hinged Glass Doors, Dual Action Hinged Glass Doors) SLOPED GLAZING (other than SKYLIGHTS): A glass and framing assembly that is sloped more than 15O from the vertical and which forms essentially the entire roof of the structure. Generally this is a single slope construction. SOUND TRANSMISSION CLASS (STC): A single number rating calculated in accordance with ASTM E 413 using sound transmission loss values. It provides an estimate of the sound insulation performance of an interior partition in certain common sound insulation problems. The frequency range used is typical of indoor office noises. SPACER: The linear material that separates and maintains the space between the glass surfaces of insulating glass units or double glazing. SPAN: The clear distance measured parallel to the length of a mullion or divider between support points.

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SPANDREL: The opaque areas of a building envelope which typically occur at locations of floor slabs, columns and immediately below roof areas. SPECIFICATION: Written document often accompanying architectural drawings giving such details as scope of work, materials to be used, installation method, required performance, and quality of workmanship for work under contract. STILE: Vertical member of a window sash or door panel. STOREFRONT: A non-residential system of doors and windows mulled as a composite structure. Typically designed for high use/abuse and strength. The storefront system usually is installed between floor and ceiling. STORM DOOR: A supplemental door, installed on the outside or inside of an exterior door, thereby saving energy. STORM WINDOW: A supplemental fixed or movable window, installed on the outside or inside of a window frame thereby saving energy. STRUCTURAL TEST PRESSURE (STP): The pressure differential applied to a window to determine structural load capacity. Normally 150% of design pressure. SUMMER MODE: For dual windows, summer mode is when the primary window is closed and latched, the secondary window or outer primary window is opened and the insect screen (when offered or specified by the manufacturer) is in the functional position. SUN ROOM: A multi sided structure comprised of a high percentage of glazed area vs. framing area. Usually a non-conditioned area attached to the exterior of an existing building. TEMPERED GLASS: (See Fully Tempered Glass) TEST SPECIMEN: Complete, fully functioning window, skylight, or glass door supplied by the applicant and fitted in the test apparatus, in accordance with the manufacturers installation instructions, including manufacturers instructions for clearance and shimming. THERMAL BARRIER: An element made of material with relatively low thermal conductivity, which is inserted between two members having high thermal conductivity, in order to reduce the heat transfer. THERMAL BREAK: (See Thermal Barrier).

THERMAL EXPANSION/CONTRACTION: Change in dimension of a material as a result of temperature change. TOP-HINGED WINDOW: A window consisting of sash hinged at the head and swing inward or outward using a continuous top hinge or individual hinges. A variation of the top hinged window is a drop-head except that the sash is hinged using two friction hinges mounted in the jambs near the head. TORSION: The twist induced in a product by the application of a static load to an extreme free corner of that product and normal to its plane when an adjacent corner edge is secured. TRANSOM: Transoms are non-operable windows that are used as companion windows installed above glass doors or other windows. Transoms consist of a glazed frame or a non-operable sash within a frame. For purposes of compliance with this specification, transoms shall not exceed 700 mm (27 in) in height. TRIBUTARY WIDTH: The width of wind bearing area contributing to the load on a mullion or divider. TROPICAL WINDOWS: (See Jalousie Window, Jal-Awning Windows, Tropical Awning Windows) TROPICAL AWNING WINDOW: A window consisting of one or more top hinged or pivoted sash operated by one control device which swings the bottom edge of the sash outward. A single control or operating device operates all sash, securely closing them at both jambs without the use of any additional manually controlled locking devices. TURN-TILT WINDOW UNITS: (See Dual Action Windows) VEHICULAR ACCESS DOOR: A door that is used for vehicular traffic at entrances of buildings such as garages, loading docks, parking lots, factories, and industrial plants, and that is not generally used for pedestrian traffic. VERTICAL SLIDING WINDOWS: A window consisting of at least one manually operated sash which slides vertically within a common frame. All provisions of testing apply whether there are one, two or three sash which operate. This category has two sub categories which are hung and non-hung windows. VERTICALLY PIVOTED WINDOWS: (See Pivoted Window)

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WATER PENETRATION: Penetration of water beyond the vertical plane intersecting the innermost projection of the test specimen, not including interior trim and hardware, under the specified conditions of air pressure difference across the specimen. WEATHERSTRIP: A flexible component used to reduce air leakage or water penetration, or both between the sash or panels and/or sash or panels and frame. WEEPHOLE (WEEP): An opening that allows water to drain. WELDED: When materials are fused by heat to become one when cooled. WIND LOAD RESISTANCE: The ability of a window, skylight, or glass door to resist the structural effects of differential pressure. Resistance is usually determined relative to a design pressure derived from the building codes. This standard requires the wind load resistance to be measured at design pressure and also requires that the specimen be tested a second time at 150% of design pressure, which is defined as the structural test pressure. WINDOW: An opening constructed in a wall or roof and functioning to admit light or air to an enclosure, usually framed and spanned with glass mounted to permit opening and closing. (From the old Norse word "vindauga", which is formed from "vinder", wind, and "auga", eye. Therefore, a window is an "eye for the wind" or "wind-eye".)

WINTER MODE: For dual windows, winter mode is when both the primary and secondary windows or both primary windows are closed, the primary window is locked and the insect screen (when offered or specified by the manufacturer) is in the stored position. 4.3 Optional Air Leakage NOTE: Some code jurisdictions in the United States, the National Building Code of Canada and Provincial Building Codes in Canada modeled after the National Building Code require air leakage resistance performance beyond the minimum performance levels represented in this standard. Products shall be permitted to be optionally tested to higher performance levels for purposes of code compliance if required. Table 4.5 suggests optional performance levels consistent with the requirements of the National Building Code of Canada. Performance can be measured in either liters per second per square meter (l/s/m2) or cubic feet per minute per square foot (cfm/ft2). Both infiltration and exfiltration may be recorded as indicated in the table. Two options are provided for measuring exfiltration for all product operator types. An additional level is provided for measuring the performance of exfiltration of fixed windows which have the glazing directly glazed in the frame without the use of a sash surrounding the glazing.

Optional Performance Infiltration 2nd Level Exfiltration Entry Level Exfiltration 2nd Level Infiltration/Exfiltration Fixed Level

Performance Class

Pressure Difference

Pa (psf) l/s/m2 (cfm/ft2) l/s/m2 (cfm/ft2) l/s/m2 (cfm/ft2) l/s/m2 (cfm/ft2)

R 75 (1.57) 0.5 (0.1) 1.5 (0.3) 0.5 (0.1) 0.2 N/A LC 75 (1.57) 0.5 (0.1) 1.5 (0.3) 0.5 (0.1) 0.2 N/A

C 75 (1.57) 0.5 (0.1) 1.5 (0.3) 0.5 (0.1) 0.2 N/A HC 300 (6.24) 0.5 (0.1) 1.5 (0.3) 0.5 (0.1) 0.2 N/A

AW 300 (6.24) 0.5 (0.1) 1.5 (0.3) 0.5 (0.1) 0.2 N/A

TABLE 4.5 4.4 Dual Windows When the manufacturer chooses to test and market a product as a dual window, this section shall apply. A dual window is a window composed of one of the configurations listed in this section and offered by the manufacturer as a complete factory pre-assembled or integral unit. Operation of the primary and secondary sash shall be completely independent of each other. Dual windows are marketed and tested as integral units. Only units which are tested as an integral product shall be rated as dual windows (DW). The primary window may be tested under the appropriate section of this document

as a stand-alone unit. The secondary window may be tested separately under AAMA 1002.10. If the primary and secondary units are tested independently for purposes of certification, they shall be permitted to be labeled and marketed independently. Dual window configurations include: (1) Interior Primary/Exterior Secondary (2) Exterior Primary/Interior Secondary (3) Interior Primary/Exterior Primary See the Glossary for definitions of Primary Window, Secondary Window, Summer Mode and Winter Mode.

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Exterior secondary window sash shall not be operable or removable from the outside when closed. Normally operated secondary window sash shall have hardware devices designed to hold sash secure and level in ventilating positions. Exterior storm sash (DW only) shall comply with ANSI/AAMA 1002.10. On non-hung, vertically sliding products, normally operated secondary window sash shall have hardware devices designed to hold sash secure and level in ventilating positions. There shall be a latch position to provide an open space at least 25 mm (1”) but no more than 50 mm (2”) high between sash and sill. The upper sash shall be held in place by means other than the screen insert.

5.0 TESTING 5.1 Testing Sequence For conformance to this specification, the testing sequence shall be as follows:

Operating Force for operable test specimens Air Leakage Resistance Test Water Penetration Resistance Test Uniform Load Deflection Test Uniform Load Structural Test

At the discretion of the testing agency, the operating force test shall be permitted to be conducted after the air leakage resistance test. However, both the operating force test and the air leakage resistance test must be conducted before the water penetration resistance test. It is permitted to test beyond the minimum performance requirements for each type of performance test before beginning the next test in the sequence. For example air leakage resistance shall be permitted to be tested at 75 Pa (1.57 psf) and then 300 Pa (6.24 psf) before beginning the water penetration resistance test(s). All of the tests specified in 5.0 shall be conducted on the same test specimen. All other tests are permitted to be performed on separate specimens of identical size and design. Within the sequence given above, additional tests required by code jurisdictions shall be permitted. 5.2 Test Specimen Requirements Each specimen to be tested shall be a completely assembled and glazed window, skylight, or glass door fitted in the test apparatus in accordance with the manufacturers installation instructions, unless otherwise stated in this standard. The glazing for each specimen shall conform to all applicable requirements of Section 6.1.

If two or more operator types are combined in a common frame, each operator type shall be tested to the requirements for that operator type. Where a manufacturer wishes to demonstrate compliance with this specification for combination products consisting of two or more products, each of which has been shown to comply individually, it shall be necessary to demonstrate compliance with section 7.8 of this specification. NOTE: The user should be aware that other performance criteria (air leakage resistance, water penetration resistance, etc.) may be affected at the interface of these products. When alterations are made to a test specimen during testing, those tests already performed which, in the opinion of the testing agency, would be affected by such alterations, shall be repeated. All alterations shall be recorded in the test report. When testing to achieve conformance to the Gateway Performance Requirements of this specification, the test specimen size shall be both the largest width and the largest height for which Gateway Performance is sought, but in no case less than the minimum width or minimum height indicated in the appropriate paragraphs of Section 8.0. When testing to achieve conformance to the Optional Performance Requirements of this specification, the test specimen size shall be both the largest width and the largest height for which Optional Performance is sought, but in no case more than the width or height of the specimen tested to achieve Gateway conformance. Except as described in Section C of the User’s Guide, “Method for Extrapolating Uniform Load Structural Test Results to Fixed Windows of a Size Other Than That of the Test Specimen”, test results shall be valid only for products up to and including the width and height of the specimen tested. Test results shall not be extrapolated for larger widths or larger heights. Air, water, and structural tests are conducted considering the normal mounting of the test specimen in its installed position. The test procedures are designed to test the performance of the test specimen only and are not necessarily used to test the performance of the installation, particularly the perimeter sealant joint and the anchoring of the assembly. The figures which follow indicate planes of testing for each of three typical installation methods; nailing fin, non-nailing fin of box type, and brick mold. Installation details for these three installation types must reflect perimeter sealant and anchors which are consistent with the point at which the plane of tested air and water penetration resistance intersect the building structure.

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Nail Fin Brickmould

Plane of Controlled Water Penetration

Plane of Water Spray Application

Plane of Measured Air Leakage

Non-Nail Fin

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FIGURE 5.4 NOTE on Brickmould & Nail fin: For brevity this note's text only lists nail fin but the note comments apply equally to brickmould. Integral nail fin's junction (1) is intrinsically assumed to be air & water tight. Integral nail fin corner junction (2) and attached nail fin junctions (1) & (2) shall be factory sealed or installation instructions shall require a field seal. When field seal is required by installation instructions, then field installed products with air and water penetration through junction (1) or (2) are installation failures. 5.3 Testing Requirements (Fenestration Assembly) 5.3.1 Operating Force All operable sash or panels shall be fully opened and fully closed a minimum of five times prior to testing to ensure that the sash or panels are operating freely. No further adjustments that would affect the Operating force shall be made for the balance of all testing. Using the test methods contained in ASTM E 2068, the force required to initiate motion of the operable sash or panels from both the fully closed and fully open positions shall be measured, as well as the force required to maintain motion to the opposite limits of travel.

Before any other tests are conducted, operable sash or panels shall be adjusted so that they shall operate in either direction with forces to initiate motion from the fully closed position and maintain motion not exceeding those indicated in the following table: For products with rotary-operators, measure the torques (T) necessary to initiate and maintain motion, using a torque gage or other suitable device calibrated in units no larger than 0.5 N • m (5 in • lb). Then, convert the torque values to force values (F) using the center-to-center length (L) of the lever in the equation F = T / L. For R, LC, and C products only, the force required to open or close any latches shall not exceed 100 N (22.5 lb) when tested using a force gage applied to the end of the device in the direction of its normal operation. Where a manufacturer offers or specifies either interior or exterior removable multiple glazing panels (RMGP’s) in the primary sash or panels, and it is desired to achieve conformance to this specification both with and without the RMGP’s installed, all Operating Force testing shall be conducted with all RMGP’s installed.

(1) Nail fin – Frame Linear Junction

(2) Nail fin - Nail fin – Frame Corner Junction

Integral Nail fin

Factory Sealed Factory Sealed

Or Field Sealed

Attached Nail fin

Factory Sealed Or

Field Sealed

Factory Sealed Or

Field Sealed

( 2 )( 1 )

( 1 )

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Product Type Performance Class

Point of Force Application

Direction of Force Maximum Force to Initiate Motion

Maximum Force to Maintain Motion

N (lbs) N (lbs) Vertically Sliding Hung Windows

R Midpoint of operating handle(s) or of meeting rails.

Vertical, parallel to plane of glazing

200 (45) 135 (30)

Vertically Sliding Hung Windows

LC Midpoint of operating handle(s) or of meeting rails.


230 (50) 155 (35)

Vertically Sliding Hung Windows

C, HC & AW Midpoint of operating handle(s) or of meeting rails.


230 (50) 200 (45)

Vertically Sliding non-Hung Windows

R Midpoint of operating handle(s) or of meeting rails.

Vertical, upward, parallel to plane of glazing

110 (25) 90 (20)

Vertically Sliding non-Hung Windows

LC, C Midpoint of operating handle(s) or of meeting rails.

Vertical, upward, parallel to plane of glazing

230 (50) 155 (35)

Horizontally Sliding Windows

R Midpoint of operating handle(s) or of meeting stiles.

Horizontal, parallel to plane of glazing

135 (30) 90 (20)

Horizontally Sliding Windows

LC, C, HC & AW

Midpoint of operating handle(s) or of meeting stiles.


180 (40) 115 (25)

Horizontally Sliding Doors

R, LC & C Midpoint of operating handle(s) or of meeting stiles.


135 (30) 90 (20)

Horizontally Sliding Doors

HC & AW Midpoint of operating handle(s) or of meeting stiles.


180 (40) 115 (25)

Casement and Projecting Windows with Rotary Operators

R, LC & C End of crank handle. Perpendicular to crank handle and screw

70 (15) 30 (7)

Casement and Projecting Windows with Rotary Operators

HC & AW End of crank handle. Perpendicular to crank handle and screw

90 (20) 45 (10)

Casement and Projecting Windows with Lever Type Operators

R, LC & C End of lever. Perpendicular to lever in the plane of its motion

155 (35) 100 (22)

Casement and Projecting Windows with Lever Type Operators

HC & AW End of lever. Perpendicular to lever in the plane of its motion

230 (50) 135 (30)

Other Casement and Projecting Windows

R, LC & C Midpoint of sash opposite hinges or operating handles.

Perpendicular to the plane of glazing

155 (35) 100 (22)

Other Casement and Projecting Windows

HC & AW Midpoint of sash opposite hinges or operating handles.


230 (50) 135 (30)

Roof windows with Rotary Operators

R, C, HC End of crank handle. Perpendicular to crank handle and screw

90 (20) 45 (10)

Other Roof Windows R, C, HC Midpoint of sash opposite hinges or operating handles.


230 (50) 135 (30)

TABLE 5.1

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5.3.2 Air Leakage Resistance Test With the test specimen closed and locked, it shall be subjected to an air leakage test in accordance with ASTM E 283. The test pressure and maximum allowable air leakage shall be as specified in the following table:

Performance Class Test Pressure Maximum Allowable Leakage

R, LC, and C (except for Jalousie windows)

75 Pa (1.57 psf) [1.5 L/(s • m2)] (0.3 cfm/ft2)

R (Jalousie windows only) 75 Pa (1.57 psf) [6.0 L/(s • m2)] (1.2 cfm/ft2) HC and AW 300 Pa (6.24 psf) [1.5 L/(s • m2)] (0.3 cfm/ft2)

TABLE 5.2

Dual windows shall be tested with the test specimen in the winter mode. Skylights and roof windows shall be tested for air leakage resistance in a sloped orientation in a manner simulating field installation including flashing. The specimen shall be installed at the lowest slope recommended by the manufacturer’s installation instructions. For purposes of this specification, air leakage shall be reported on a pass/fail basis. When determining the pass or fail status of a test specimen according to the performance levels stipulated in the above table, the laboratory shall round off the measured air leakage to a single decimal place in accordance with the procedures outlined in ASTM E 29. The test report shall contain the statement: “The tested specimen meets (or exceeds) the performance levels specified in NAFS – 1 for air leakage resistance.” or “The tested specimen fails to meet the performance levels specified in NAFS – 1 for air leakage resistance.”, whichever is appropriate. Air leakage of composite units does not qualify stand-alone individual units. For purposes of this specification, air leakage shall be expressed in units of liters per second per square meter of frame area [L/(s•m2)] [cubic feet per minute per square foot of frame area (cfm/ft2)]. Frame area shall be determined as defined in section 6.3 of this specification. Where a manufacturer offers or specifies interior removable multiple glazing panels (RMGP’s) in the primary sash or panels, and it is desired to achieve conformance to this specification both with and without the interior RMGP’s installed, all air leakage resistance testing shall be conducted both with and without all interior RMGP’s installed. When testing with the RMGP’s installed, any and all between-glazing venting features shall be fully open and functioning properly. When testing with the RMGP’s removed, any between-glazing venting features shall be plugged if required by the manufacturer’s recommendations. Where a manufacturer offers or specifies exterior RMGP’s in the primary sash or panels, and it is desired to achieve conformance to this specification both with and without the exterior RMGP’s installed, all air leakage resistance testing shall be conducted with all exterior RMGP’s removed. 5.3.3 Water Penetration Resistance Test With the specimen closed and locked, R, LC, and C specimens shall be subjected to a four-cycle water penetration resistance test in accordance with ASTM E 547. Each cycle shall consist of five minutes with the pressure applied and one minute with the pressure released, during which the water spray is continuously applied. HC and AW specimens shall be tested for water penetration resistance in accordance with both ASTM E

547 (four cycles) and ASTM E 331. The water resistance test pressure for all R, LC, C, and HC windows, skylights and glass doors is a minimum of 15% of the design pressure. The water resistance test pressure for all AW windows, skylights and glass doors is a minimum of 20% of the design pressure. However, in no case shall the water resistance test pressure ever be less than 140 Pa (2.86 psf). Water test pressure shall be capped at 720 Pa (15 psf). For conformance to this standard, there shall be no leakage as defined in the appropriate ASTM test method at the specified test pressure given in pascals (Pa) or pounds per square foot (psf). Skylights and roof windows shall be tested for water penetration resistance according to ASTM E 331 in a sloped orientation in a manner simulating field installation, including flashing. The specimen shall be installed at the lowest slope recommended by the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Where a manufacturer offers or specifies an exterior insect screen, the water penetration resistance test shall be performed both with and without the insect screen in place. Where a manufacturer offers or specifies both a full and a partial exterior insect screen, the water penetration resistance test shall be performed first with one screen in place, and then repeated with the other screen in place. The sequence of these water resistance tests shall be at the discretion of the testing agency. An appropriate amount of time shall be permitted between subsequent water penetration resistance tests to allow for adequate drainage. Where a manufacturer offers or specifies an interior insect screen, the water penetration resistance test shall be performed with the insect screen removed. Dual windows shall be tested in both the summer and winter modes.

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Where a manufacturer offers or specifies either interior or exterior removable multiple glazing panels (RMGP’s) in the primary sash or panels, and it is desired to achieve conformance to this specification both with and without the RMGP’s installed, all water penetration resistance testing shall be conducted both with and without all RMGP’s installed. When testing with the RMGP’s installed, any and all between-glazing venting features shall be fully open and functioning properly. When testing with the RMGP’s removed, any between-glazing venting features shall be plugged if required by the manufacturer’s recommendations. 5.3.4 Uniform Load Tests Insect screens shall be removed from the test specimen for all uniform load testing. Skylights and roof windows shall be tested for uniform loads in either a vertical or sloped orientation at the manufacturer’s discretion. Where a manufacturer offers or specifies either interior or exterior removable multiple glazing panels (RMGP’s) in the primary sash or panels, and it is desired to achieve conformance to this specification both with and without the RMGP’s installed, all uniform load testing shall be conducted both with and without all RMGP’s installed. When testing with the RMGP’s installed, any and all between-glazing venting features shall be fully open and functioning properly. When testing with the RMGP’s removed, any between-glazing venting features shall be plugged if required by the manufacturer’s recommendations. 5.3.4.1 Uniform Load Deflection Test Tests shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM E 330, Procedure A. Load duration shall be in accordance with the load duration formulas. Deflection shall be measured at design pressure, and reported in millimeters (inches). A minimum uniform design pressure load as specified in Section 8 shall be applied to the test specimen, first to the exterior surface (positive) and then to the interior surface (negative). The sequence of applying the loads shall be permitted to be reversed at the option of the testing agency. The test specimen shall be evaluated for deflection during each load, for permanent damage after each load and normal operability. The maximum deflection shall be recorded for all tested design pressure loads in the test report. For HC and AW specimens only, no member shall deflect more than 1/175 of its span. Deflection of R, LC and C specimen members shall be measured and recorded in the test report, but shall not be limited by this specification.

Dual windows shall be tested in both the summer and winter modes. 5.3.4.2 Uniform Load Structural Test Tests shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM E 330, Procedure A. Duration of test shall be 10 seconds. A minimum uniform structural test pressure load as specified in Section 8 shall be applied to the test specimen, first to the exterior surface (positive) and then to the interior surface (negative). The sequence of applying the loads shall be permitted to be reversed at the option of the testing agency. The test specimen shall be evaluated for permanent damage after each load. Dual windows shall be tested in both the summer and winter modes. For dual windows, testing of two separate specimens, one in the winter mode and one in the summer mode, is permitted. After each specified loading, there shall be no permanent damage to fasteners, hardware parts, support arms or actuating mechanisms, disengagement, or any other damage which causes the test specimen to be inoperable. There shall be no permanent deformation of any main frame, sash, panel or sash member in excess of 0.4% of its span for R, LC class products, 0.3% of its span for C and HC class products, or 0.2% of its span for AW class products. Permanent deformation shall be measured to the nearest 0.25 mm (0.01 inch). In dual windows, permanent deformation requirements apply to the primary window members only. If there is any glazing breakage during a specified loading, the test specimen shall be permitted to be re-glazed and then re-tested. Except for AW test specimens, if there is any hardware breakage during a specified loading, the hardware shall be permitted to be replaced and the specimen then re-tested. 5.3.5 Forced Entry Resistance (Fer) Test Insect screens shall be removed from the test specimen for all forced entry resistance testing. Latching devices shall provide reasonable security against forced entry. All windows shall conform to ASTM F 588 (Performance Grade 10, minimum). All sliding glass doors shall conform to ASTM F 842 (Performance Grade 10, minimum). In dual windows, only the designated primary window shall be tested. In some cases, local codes require compliance to forced entry resistance specifications other than those specified in paragraph 5.3.5. For purposes of compliance with this specification, the requirements of paragraph 5.3.5 shall be mandatory, and additional testing in accordance with

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 28

other forced entry resistance specifications shall be optional. FER testing of hinged rescue windows shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements for testing casement windows. NOTE: FER testing of glass swing doors is not mandatory because there is no current ASTM test method for FER on glass swing doors. NOTE: FER testing of skylights and roof windows is not mandatory because the scope of the existing test methods is directed towards resistance to the “casual burglar” who is not expected to be carrying a ladder or other specialized tools while attempting an opportunistic burglary. Where a manufacturer offers or specifies either interior or exterior removable multiple glazing panels (RMGP’s) in the primary sash or panels, and it is desired to achieve conformance to this specification both with and without the RMGP’s installed, all forced entry resistance testing shall be conducted with all RMGP’s removed. 5.3.6 Auxiliary (Durability) Tests In addition to the tests indicated above, products seeking compliance with this standard shall be tested for performance as indicated below. There are differing tests for each product operating type largely dependent on the design, function and construction of the individual products. These tests are designed to subject the product assemblies, sash, frame and hardware components to conditions typical of those that might be encountered during the handling, installation and operation of the product. In that sense they are designed to address durability issues not covered in the assembly testing indicated above. Where a manufacturer offers or specifies either interior or exterior removable multiple glazing panels (RMGP’s) in the primary sash or panels, and it is desired to achieve conformance to this specification both with and without the RMGP’s installed, all auxiliary testing, except for safety drop tests per Section 5.3.6.6, shall be conducted with all RMGP’s removed. 5.3.6.1 Thermoplastic Corner Test (Fusion-welded or chemically bonded thermoplastic products only, excluding cellulosic composite materials). When main frame, sash or panel members are welded or bonded, all corners representing all different profile combinations shall be tested in accordance with the test method given in Appendix A.1 and meet the following requirements. This test applies only when a thermoplastic material is used as a primary structural sash or frame profile, or as a

structural profile related to glazing retention and/or structural division of glazing lites within a common sash or frame. Test specimens shall consist only of welded or bonded profiles of the base thermoplastic material. When loaded to failure, the break shall not extend along the entire weld line. NOTE: This test can be used as a quality control test to assess the effectiveness of the corner welding or bonding process. 5.3.6.2 Deglazing Test This test shall apply only to operable windows, skylights and glass doors whose mode of operation is either vertical or horizontal sliding and to secondary sash in dual windows. When tested in accordance with ASTM E 987, operable sash or panel members or secondary sash members, shall not move from their original position, in relation to the glazing material, by more than 90% of the original glazing bite. For vertically sliding products, the load for horizontal sash or panel members shall be 320 N (70 lb.) and the load for all other sash or panel members shall be 230 N (50 lb.). For horizontally sliding products, the load for vertical sash or panel members shall be 320 N (70 lb.) and the load for all other sash or panel members shall be 230 N (50 lb.). For secondary sash members in dual windows, the load shall be equal to the weight of the secondary sash and glazing but not less than 70 N (15 lb). The test shall be conducted on each member of each secondary sash in the test specimen. At the conclusion of the test, the test specimen shall not be damaged in any way that would inhibit normal operation of the window, , dual window, skylight assembly, or glass door. Also, there shall be no glazing breakage. 5.3.6.3 Sash/Panel Tests The tests in this section are designed to test the sash and/or panel strength, stiffness and construction. They are also designed to test the strength of the sash and/or panel corner joinery. The testing consists of torsional loading, racking of the sash in plane and concentrated loading of sash and/or panel components.

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FIGURE 5.5 Sash/Panel Torsion Test

5.3.6.3.1 Sash/Panel Torsion Tests This test is performed on an unglazed sash. The sash is supported on fulcrums at diagonally opposite corners with a third corner diagonally opposite the loaded corner secured in the same plane by a fulcrum support block and clamp. A concentrated load (P), acting at the unrestrained corner of the sash for a period of 10 seconds shall not cause a deflection measured to the nearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) at the unrestrained corner greater than indicated in the following table:

This test shall be repeated for each different design of operable sash of the test specimen.

FIGURE 5.6 Sash Vertical Deflection Test

5.3.6.3.2 Sash Vertical Deflection Test With the glazed test specimen installed vertically per the manufacturer’s recommendations, the operable sash shall be opened 90° or to the limit of its travel, whichever is less. If necessary, lateral movement of the sash shall be permitted to be restrained by a single point guide placed anywhere over the height of the sash, provided that such a guide provides no resistance to vertical movement. A downward vertical pre-load force of 70 N (15 lb.) shall be applied for a period of 10 seconds no more than 50 mm (2 in) inboard of the outer free edge by means of weights, a hydraulic cylinder, or other suitable arrangement and shall then be removed, at which time deflection-measuring devices shall be zeroed. The downward vertical force shall then be increased to the load indicated in the following table:

Load (P) Deflection Limit Sash Type Performance Class

N (lbs) mm (in) Casement R & LC 200 (45) 20 mm per meter of sash width (0.25 in per foot) Casement C, HC & AW 270 (60) 20 mm per meter of sash width (0.25 in per foot) TABLE 5.4

Load (P) Deflection Limit Sash Type Performance Class N (lbs) mm (in)

Awning, Hopper, Projected HC & AW 70 (15) 33.3�A (0.12�B) Dual Action Hinged Glass Door HC 70 (15) 57.8�A (0.21�B) Vertical/Horizontal Pivoted C 70 (15) 29.5�A (0.11�B) Vertical/Horizontal Pivoted HC & AW 70 (15) 18.1�A (0.07�B) Top Hinged C 70 (15) 59.3�A (0.22�B) Top Hinged HC & AW 70 (15) 57.8�A (0.21�B) Dual Action HC & AW 70 (15) 57.8�A (0.21�B) Casement HC & AW 90 (20) 51.2�A (0.19�B) Where A is the area of the tested sash in (m2) and B is the area of the tested sash in (ft2). TABLE 5.3

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The vertical deflection of the lower outer corner shall be measured at 60 ± 5 seconds after the full load has been applied and while it is still applied. The load shall then be removed and the test specimen examined for distortion or failure. At the conclusion of the test, the test specimen shall properly close and operate. Also, there shall be no glazing breakage. This test shall be repeated for each different design of operable sash in the test specimen.

FIGURE 5.7 Sash Blocked Operation Test 5.3.6.3.3 Sash Blocked Operation Test The glazed operable sash shall be opened to a 45° position or to the limit of its travel, whichever is less, and one side blocked in that position to prevent movement in a closing direction. The blocking shall extend no further outwards on the side sash member than the mounting point for the holding device. A pre-load force of 15 N (3 lb.) shall be applied for a period of 10 seconds to the midpoint of the sash member opposite the hinges, in a closing direction and perpendicular to the plane of the glazing. The load shall then be removed and the deflection-measuring devices shall be zeroed. The force shall then be increased to (P). The deflection of the outer corner of the operable light on the opposite side from the blocking, in the direction of the applied force, shall be measured at 60 ± 5 seconds after the full force has been applied and while it is still being applied. The deflection measured to the nearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in.), shall not exceed the values indicated in the table below.

Load (P) Deflection Limit Sash Type Performance Class N (lbs) mm (in)

Awning, Hopper, Projected

R & LC 70 (15) Reported Reported


C 140 (30) 3.8�A (0.14�B)

Where A is the area of the tested sash in (m2) and B is the area of the tested sash in (ft2). TABLE 5.5

At the conclusion of the test, the test specimen shall fully close and operate properly and shall show no distortion or failure. There shall be no glazing breakage. This test shall be repeated for each different design of operable sash of the test specimen.

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CLAMPRAIL DEFLECTION

150 mm (6 in)

FIGURE 5.8 – Sash/Panel Concentrated Load Test (Perpendicular Load)

FIGURE 5.9 – Sash/Panel Concentrated Load Test (Parallel Load)

Load (P) Deflection Limit Sash Type

Performance Class

Load Direction N (lbs) mm (in)

Awning, Hopper, Projected HC & AW Horizontal 135 (30) 1.5 (0.06)

Awning, Hopper, Projected HC & AW Vertical 135 (30) 1.5 (0.06)

Dual Action Hinged Glass Door R, LC, C & HC Horizontal 135 (30) 1.5 (0.06)

Dual Action Hinged Glass Door R Vertical 135 (30) 1.5 (0.06)

Dual Action Hinged Glass Door LC & C Vertical 230 (50) 3.3 (0.13)

Dual Action Hinged Glass Door HC Vertical 400 (90) 6.3 (0.25)

Vertical/Horizontal Pivoted C Horizontal 230 (50) 1.5 (0.06)

Vertical/Horizontal Pivoted HC & AW Horizontal 270 (60) 1.5 (0.06)

Vertical/Horizontal Pivoted C Vertical 230 (50) 0.8 (0.03)

Vertical/Horizontal Pivoted HC & AW Vertical 270 (60) 0.8 (0.03)

Top Hinged C, HC & AW Horizontal 135 (30) 1.5 (0.06)

Top Hinged C Vertical 230 (50) 3.3 (0.13)

Top Hinged HC & AW Vertical 400 (90) 6.3 (0.25)

Dual Action R, LC, C & HC Horizontal 135 (30) 1.5 (0.06)

Dual Action R Vertical 135 (30) 1.5 (0.06)

Dual Action LC Vertical 180 (40) 2.3 (0.09)

Dual Action C Vertical 230 (50) 3.3 (0.13)

Dual Action HC Vertical 400 (90) 6.4 (0.25)

TABLE 5.6

5.3.6.3.4 Sash/Panel Concentrated Load Test On Latch Rail Support each unglazed sash or panel by clamping the stiles, 150 mm (6 in) from the latch, to the horizontal supports under the jambs. A concentrated load (P) applied to the center of the span of the latch rail, parrallel to the plane of the sash, first in one direction then in the opposite direction, shall not cause a deflection at the point of load application greater than shown in the table measured to the nearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in). Each different design of operable sash in the test specimen shall be tested. A concentrated load (P) applied to the center of the span of the latch rail, perpendicular to the plane of the sash, first in one direction then in the opposite direction, shall not cause a deflection at the point of load application greater than shown in the table measured to the nearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in). Each different design of operable sash in the test specimen shall be tested.

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FIGURE 5.10 Vertical Concentrated Load Test 5.3.6.3.5 Vertical Concentrated Load Test This test is performed on an unglazed sash and is designed to determine the deflection of the sash in the open position. The window shall be mounted in a test rack and supported around its entire perimeter. The sash shall be opened 90° with respect to the frame. Two concentrated loads (P) are applied at the midpoints of the sash between the pivot and the innermost extremity of the sash stiles. The loads shall be applied in a downward direction, parallel to the plane of the sash for a period of 10 seconds. Deflection shall be measured to the nearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) at each corner and shall not exceed the deflection indicated in the following table:

Load (P) Deflection Limit Sash

Type Performance

Class N (lbs) mm (in)

Vertically Pivoted

C 230 (50) 1 (0.04)

Vertically Pivoted

HC & AW 270 (60) 1 (0.04)

TABLE 5.7 The test shall be repeated for each different design of operable sash of the test specimen.

5.3.6.4 Frame Tests The tests in this section are designed to test the strength and stiffness of intermediate framing members. They are also designed to test the strength of the frame corner joinery. The testing consists of torsional loading, and concentrated loading of frame components.

FIGURE 5.11 Torsion Load Test on Intermediate Frame Rails 5.3.6.4.1 Torsion Load Test on Intermediate Frame Rails Place an unglazed test specimen in a horizontal position. Apply for a duration of 10 seconds a 4.5 N • m (40 in • lb) torque (T) [45 N (10 lb) on a 100 mm (4 in) lever arm measured from the extremity of the rail], at the center of the span of each intermediate horizontal rail, first in one direction, then in the opposite direction. The vertical deflection at the point of load application shall be not greater than shown in the table measured to the nearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in).

Torsion Load (T)

Deflection Limit Sash

Type

Performance

Class N–m (in-lbs) mm (in)


HC & AW 4.5 (40) 1.5 (0.06)

TABLE 5.8

100 mm

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FIGURE 5.12 Vertical Concentrated Load Test on Intermediate Frame Rails 5.3.6.4.2 Vertical Concentrated Load Test on Intermediate Frame Rails Clamp the jambs of the unglazed test specimen to a vertical support 150 mm (6 in.) from the test rails. A concentrated load (P) applied for a duration of 10 seconds at the center of the span of any intermediate rail parallel to the plane of the window, first in one direction then in the opposite direction, shall not cause a deflection at the point of load application greater than shown in the table measured to the nearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in).

Load (P) Deflection Limit Sash Type

Performance Class N (lbs) mm (in)


HC & AW 135 (30) 1.5 (0.06)

TABLE 5.9

5.3.6.5 Hardware Load Tests The tests in this section are designed to test the strength and stiffness of hardware devices used in fenestration assemblies. They are also designed to test the reaction of the hardware to loading not normally encountered in the use of windows, skylights and glass doors. The testing consists of blocked operation and abnormal loading conditions which might occur during the handling, installation and operation of the assemblies.

FIGURE 5.13 Distributed Load Test 5.3.6.5.1 Distributed Load Test (Operable casement windows with rotary-operating hardware only) The glazed test specimen shall be securely fastened in a vertical plane so that the sash, when opened to its full extent, will be horizontal. The sash and hardware shall be strong enough to support a 10 second duration uniform load as indicated in the following table:

Load (P) Sash Type

Performance Class Pa (psf)

Casement R 240 (5.00) Casement LC, C, HC &

AW 300 (6.24)

The load specified includes the weight of the glazed sash. TABLE 5.10

At the conclusion of the test, the rotary-operator shall properly and fully close the sash. There shall be no failure of screws or track or hinge, or permanent deformation of support arms. Each different design of operable sash of the test specimen shall be tested. The load shall be applied first in one direction, and then in the opposite direction.

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FIGURE 5.14 Stabilizing Arm Load Test 5.3.6.5.2 Stabilizing Arm Load Test Mount the completely assembled glazed window or door vertically. Open the operable sash or panel inward from the top, to the full ventilating position with the sash or panel supported solely by the stabilizing arm at one jamb. A concentrated load acting vertically downward for a duration of 10 seconds as indicated in the table, shall be applied at each upper operable sash or panel corner separately. After load removal, there shall be no damage to the window or door frame, operable sash or, components, glass, stabilizing arm or hardware components, and the product shall function normally.

Load (P) Performance

Class N (lbs)

Point of Load Application

Dual Action Hinged Glass Door

R 445 (100) Panel Corners


LC, C & HC 890 (200) Panel Corners


R 890 (200) Top Rail


LC, C & HC 1780 (400) Top Rail

Dual Action Window R 445 (100) Sash Corners Dual Action Window LC, C & HC 890 (200) Sash Corners Dual Action Window R 890 (200) Top Rail Dual Action Window LC, C & HC 1780 (400) Top Rail TABLE 5.11

FIGURE 5.15 Balance Arm Load Test 5.3.6.5.3 Balance Arm Load Test If two or more sash are included in the test specimen, compare the balance arm materials and cross sections, pivots, etc. If judged equal, test the largest sash only. Otherwise, test all arms. Support the unglazed test specimen at 45o or to a maximum design opening, which ever is less, to the vertical and clamp the frame at its full height. Open the sash with the balance arms in compression, and block the sash in the level position at both friction shoes. Apply a concentrated load (P) vertically downward at one free corner of the sash for 10 seconds. Then apply the concentrated load (P) vertically downward at the other free corner of the sash for 10 seconds. Remove all loads.

Load (P) Sash Type

Performance Class N (lbs)



HC 270 (60) Opposite Sash Corners

TABLE 5.12 After removal of the loads, the balance arms shall function normally with no apparent damage.

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FIGURE 5.16 Hold Open Arm/Stay Bar Test 5.3.6.5.4 Hold Open Arm/Stay Bar Test With the glazed sash opened to its fullest extent, a horizontal concentrated load (P) shall be applied for a duration of 10 seconds at one lower corner of the sash in the closing direction. After removal of the load, hold-open arms shall function normally.

Load (P) Sash Type

Performance Class N (lbs)


Top Hinged C & HC 445 (100) Sash Corner TABLE 5.13

5.3.6.5.5 Hinge Test (Hinged Rescue Windows Only) After the air, water and structural tests have been performed, the hinged perimeter frame window assembly shall be subjected to 10 cycles of unlatching, opening to the full 90-degree position, closing and latching. At the conclusion of 10 cycles, there shall be no glass breakage or permanent damage to any fasteners, hardware parts, support arms or actuating mechanisms, and the hinged window assembly shall open, close and lock in its normal manner. The operation test must be conducted again with the heaviest glass configuration (if not already done). 5.3.6.6 Safety Drop Test (Non-Hung Vertical Operating Products Only) The test specimen shall be mounted in a test fixture. The test specimen shall be examined to identify the two adjacent preset sash or panel retention positions with the maximum spacing. The operable sash or panel shall be raised to the upper of these two positions, and then allowed to “free fall”. This procedure shall be conducted a minimum of one time for each operable sash or panel. When dropped, the sash or panel shall automatically stop at the lower of the two preset positions. There shall be no breakage or permanent deformation of any part of the test specimen that would impair its operation. There shall be no glazing breakage. Where a manufacturer offers or specifies either interior or exterior removable multiple glazing panels (RMGP’s) in the primary sash or panels, and it is desired to achieve conformance to this specification both with and without the RMGP’s installed, all safety drop tests shall be conducted with all RMGP’s installed.

FIGURE 5.17 Unit Dead Load Test 5.3.6.7 Unit Dead Load Test (Greenhouse Windows Only) A uniform load of 40 kg/m2 (8 lbf/ft2) of shelf area (including the bottom pan area) shall be applied simultaneously to each shelf and to the bottom pan of a glazed vertically mounted unit for a period of 5 minutes. The maximum vertical displacement of the specimen in relation to its mounting shall not be greater than L/175, “L” being defined as the width of the unit. 5.3.6.8 Life Cycle Testing (AW Designated Operable Products Only) When tested in accordance with AAMA 910, there shall be no damage to fasteners, hardware parts, sash balances, or any other damage which would cause the specimen to be inoperable. Also, resistance to air leakage and water penetration resistance test results shall not exceed the Gateway performance requirements specified in Sections 8 and 9 for the class and grade for which compliance is sought. Where a manufacturer offers or specifies either interior or exterior removable multiple glazing panels (RMGP’s) in the primary sash or panels, and it is desired to achieve conformance to this specification both with and without the RMGP’s installed, all life cycle testing shall be conducted with all RMGP’s installed.

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5.3.7 Condensation Resistance (Optional) For Reference Only The Condensation Resistance Factor (CRF) and/or Temperature Factor (TF) are rating numbers obtained under standard test conditions which allow for the prediction, within reasonable accuracy, of the condensation performance of a window, glass door, or skylight. The CRF rating number that is obtained by the procedure outlined in AAMA 1503 and the TF rating number that is obtained by the procedure outlined in CSA-A440-98 are not absolute values (i.e., the possibility exists that the rating numbers do not predict the precise condition under which, or the first location where condensation occurs). However, they do provide a comparative performance rating for similar products. 5.3.7.1 Procedure When tested in accordance with AAMA 1503 or CSA A440, the Condensation Resistance Factor (CRF) or TF shall not be rated at less than the value in the table below for the “Condensation Resistance Class” desired.

Condensation Resistance Class

Minimum Tested CRF or TF

C65 65 C60 60 C55 55 C50 50 C45 45 C40 40 C35 35

TABLE 5.14 NOTE: The above chart is not an attempt to establish a minimum rating but current test methods do not lend themselves to ratings less than C35. Ratings shall be permitted to be increased above C65 in increments of 5 if test results merit a higher rating. See the User’s Guide for detailed considerations concerning condensation resistance. 5.3.8 Thermal Transmittance (Optional) For Reference Only The total resistance to heat flow across the frame and glazing area of a window, skylight, or glass door is the sum of the inside surface to air resistance, the resistance of the frame and the glazing itself, and the outside surface to air resistance. The reciprocal of the sum of these resistances is the conductance. Product air-to-air heat conductance is also called heat transmittance. It is the heat which is conducted through one square meter of product frame area in one second when the temperature difference across the product is 1°K (one square foot of product frame area in one hour when the temperature difference across the product is 1°F). This is written as W / m2 • °K (BTU / h • ft2 • °F) and is referred to as the “U”–Value or the “U”–Factor.

5.3.8.1 Procedure When thermal performance characteristics are to be determined, products shall be evaluated under the procedures in either AAMA 1503 or ASTM E 1423 or CSA A440 or NFRC 100. U - Factors derived from differing test methods can vary.

U–FACTOR CLASS MAXIMUM “U FACTOR”* U110 (U20) 1.10 (0.20) U140 (U25) 1.40 (0.25) U170 (U30) 1.70 (0.30) U200 (U35) 2.00 (0.35) U230 (U40) 2.30 (0.40) U260 (U45) 2.60 (0.45) U280 (U50) 2.80 (0.50) U310 (U55) 3.10 (0.55) U340 (U60) 3.40 (0.60) U370 (U65) 3.70 (0.65) U400 (U70) 4.00 (0.70)

TABLE 5.15

* “U” = W / m2 • oK (BTU / h • ft2 • oF) When U–Factor is determined by these methods, the thermal transmittance (U) shall not exceed the factors in the table above for the U–Factor Class desired. U–Factor Class shall be determined by the guidelines given in AAMA 1504. U–Factor classes higher or lower than those indicated in the above table shall be permitted to be used, in increments of 30 (5). NOTE: See the User’s Guide for detailed considerations concerning thermal transmittance. NOTE: Representatives of Canada and the United States are developing a new thermal standard to replace the thermal standards referenced in this section. It is the intention of the developers of this performance standard that the new thermal performance standard when approved by both the United States and Canada shall replace all thermal standards referenced in this document. 5.3.9 Acoustical Performance (Optional) The ability of windows, skylights and glass doors to attenuate sound transmissions is important in locations where exterior noise is excessive or disruptive. Sound attenuation shall be measured and rated either as STC (Sound Transmission Class) for interior frequencies or OITC (Outside-Inside Transmission Class) for exterior sound sources. STC is traditionally used to evaluate sound transmission through interior walls or barriers; whereas, OITC is more useful for dealing with external noise – e.g., road, aircraft and rail noises. The AAMA and ASTM specifications listed below shall be used to develop acoustical ratings for windows, skylights and glass doors. AAMA TIR-Al is also a useful reference on acoustical performance and requirements.

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5.3.9.1 Procedure When acoustical performance characteristics are to be determined, all windows, skylights and glass doors shall be tested in accordance with ASTM E 90, ASTM E 1425 or AAMA 1801. STC and OITC ratings shall be derived from ASTM E 413 and ASTM E 1332 respectively. Specimen test sizes shall be equal to the sizes tested for the primary or Gateway performance requirements of this standard. 5.4 Laboratory Test Report The test report shall include test and report dates and a comprehensive generic description of the test specimen. This description shall provide sufficient detail to allow for verification of the fabrication of the test specimen, including, but not limited to: (a) Product type, model and mode of operation (e.g.,

inswing, Project-In-Top (P.I.T.), Project-Out-Bottom (P.O.B.), outswing, etc.);

(b) Sash or panel and frame component parts list, joinery

type, fastening, sealing details as well as sash or panel and frame dimensions;

(c) Weatherstripping type, joinery, retaining method,

referenced part number, and size; (d) Glazing thickness and type (e.g., material, airspace

thickness, spacer type and identification); (e) Glazing method (e.g., wet / dry, laid-in or channel

glazing, glazing seals, setting block type and locations);

(f) Drainage system indicating location and size of all

active and passive weep holes, sloped sills, glazing rebate drainage etc;

(g) Operating hardware and locking devices including part

numbers, locations, fastening, and sealing details; (h) Screen(s), component parts list, joinery type, fastening

method of retention, etc. (i) Slope of test specimen installation for roof windows

and skylights. (j) Test specimen installation including perimeter

fastening and sealing details. (k) The results of all tests listed in Table 9.0 for the

product being tested. (l) Other data required to be reported in the applicable

reference test methods report sections. The test report shall include a statement that horizontal and vertical cross–section drawings of the test specimen were reviewed by the testing agency, and that those drawings matched the tested specimen. The test report shall include a list of all component drawings reviewed. The referenced cross–section and component drawings shall be stamped and retained by the testing agency, but need not be incorporated in the body of the report. Testing agencies shall not be permitted to issue reports that claim full compliance to this specification unless full compliance is actually achieved.

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6.0 MATERIALS 6.1 Glass And Glazing 6.1.1 Glazing Materials Glass installed in windows, skylights and glass doors shall conform to the following standards:

Flat Glass (Float or Sheet)

ASTM C1036, CAN/CGSB-12.2, CAN/CGSB-12.3

Heat Absorbing Glass CAN/CGSB-12.4 Spandrel Glass CAN/CGSB-12.9 Light & Heat Reflecting Glass

CAN/CGSB-12.10

Laminated Glass ASTMC1172, CAN/CGSB-12.1 Heat Treated Glass ASTM C1048, CAN/CGSB-12.1 Safety Glazing ANSI Z97.1, CPSC 16 CFR

1201, CAN/CGSB-12.1 Wired Safety Glass CAN/CGSB-12.11 Sealed IG Units ASTM E774, CAN/CGSB-12.8 Plastic Glazing CAN/CGSB-12.12 TABLE 6.1

The uniform load resistance of glass furnished by the manufacturer shall meet or exceed the specified design pressure selected by the specifier. Load resistance of the glass shall be determined by ASTM E 1300, or CGSB 12.20 with factors for heat-treated, laminated and insulating glass load duration, etc., as applicable. Sealed insulating glass units shall be glazed in a manner that precludes the accumulation of water in the glazing cavity. If “dry” glazing is employed as the exterior seal, drainage of the glazing cavity to the exterior shall be provided. The glazing system shall be designed to prevent contact between any accumulated water and the seal of the insulating glass unit. Sealed insulating glass units shall conform to the requirements of ASTM E 774, Level C or CGSB 12.8 for R, LC, C and HC rated products. Insulated glass units in AW rated products shall conform to ASTM E 774, Level A. NOTE: On commercial projects, the architect or buyer will often specify the glass. On residential projects, glass selection, to meet the design pressure for the project, is often deferred to the manufacturer. In either case, the selector is encouraged to specify glass in conformance with the standards listed in this section as applicable. 6.1.2 Glass Selection Glass selection is dependent on whether selection is being made for testing purposes or to meet required structural loads. If the glass selection is being made for the purpose of testing a fenestration assembly, it is the intent of this specification that the glazing shall not strengthen or brace

the sash or frame of the fenestration assembly or in any way enhance the structural performance of the assembly during testing. Therefore, the glazing selected for compliance testing shall be the thinnest and weakest glazing in accordance with ASTM E 1300 or CGSB 12.20 for the test specimen size and the maximum design load to be tested or any glazing that is weaker or thinner than that required by these standards. The following examples will help to illustrate how to select the appropriate glass for test specimens: Example 1: Assume that a manufacturer has a casement window for which he desires to achieve a Performance Grade (Design Pressure) of “40”. The test specimen has an actual glass size of 790 mm wide x 1700 mm tall (31 in x 67 in). The actual design pressure to consider for glass selection is 1920 Pa (40 psf). The test specimen is to be glazed with sealed insulating glass. Considering the glass size and the design pressure, ASTM E 1300 dictates the following Allowable Loads:

Nominal Glass Sheet Thickness,

mm (in) Glass Type

Allowable Load,

Pa (psf)

2.5 (3/32) Annealed

Heat-strengthened Fully Tempered

1340 (28) 2680 (56)

n/a

3.0 (1/8) Annealed


1800 (38) 3600 (75) 7190 (150)

4.0 (5/32) Annealed


2220 (46) 4450 (93) 8900 (186)

TABLE 6.2

Using this information, the manufacturer would first select the thinnest glass that can provide an option that has an allowable load of 1920 Pa (40 psf) or greater. In this case, that would be nominal 2.5 mm (3/32 in) glass. Second, the manufacturer would select the weakest type of nominal 2.5 mm (3/32 in) thick glass that has an allowable load equal to or greater than 1920 Pa (40 psf). In this case, that would be heat-strengthened. Therefore, the manufacturer would select, for this specimen, nominal 2.5 mm (3/32 in) thick heat-strengthened glass. Any glass that is thicker, or that is of a stronger type, would not be permitted. However, any glass that is thinner, or that is of a weaker type, is permitted. Therefore, the manufacturer could alternately choose to use nominal 2.5 mm (3/32 in) annealed glass for the test specimen.

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Example 2: Consider the same casement example as above, but now assume that the manufacturer desires to achieve a Performance Grade (Design Pressure) of “60”. The actual design pressure to consider for glass selection is 2880 Pa (60 psf). Using the information in the Table 6.2, the manufacturer would first select the thinnest glass that can provide an option that has an Allowable Load of 2880 Pa (60 psf) or greater. In this case, that would be nominal 3.0 mm (1/8 in) glass. Second, the manufacturer would select the weakest type of nominal 3.0 mm (1/8 in) thick glass that has an allowable load equal to or greater than 2880 Pa (60 psf). In this case, that would be heat-strengthened. Therefore, the manufacturer would select, for this specimen, nominal 3.0 mm (1/8 in) thick heat-strengthened glass. Any glass that is thicker, or that is of a stronger type, would not be permitted. However, any glass that is thinner, or that is of a weaker type, is permitted. Therefore, the manufacturer could alternately choose any one of the following three glass options for the test specimen:

Nominal 3.0 mm (1/8 in) annealed. Nominal 2.5 mm (3/32 in) heat-strengthened. Nominal 2.5 mm (3/32 in) annealed.

Unless otherwise stipulated in this specification, windows, skylights and glass doors submitted for testing under sections 5 and 8 shall contain glazing intended for use in the product. Products tested with a specific glass type shall qualify products of a smaller size manufactured with a different glass type provided the glass conforms to ASTM E 1300 or CGSB 12.20, as referenced above. Products tested with plastic materials shall not qualify glass glazing materials, nor shall products tested with glass materials qualify plastic glazing materials. Since sealed insulating glass units typically provide significantly more strength and stiffness to sash and frame members when compared to single glazing, products tested with sealed insulating glass units shall not qualify single glazed products. Products tested with single glazing shall qualify that product when glazed with insulating glass units provided the only change to the product is the glass retaining members or stops and provided the product is not subject to the safety drop test in section 5.3.6.6. In recognition that the product produced and sold is permitted to be of equal or smaller size than the size tested, the selection of glazing not intended for testing shall be in accordance with the above referenced standards for the structural loads and product size to be

used on a particular project. This glazing selection does not match the thickness or type used for testing, but it meets the project requirements according to the referenced standards, the product shall be considered to be in compliance with this specification. Glass shall be selected in accordance with the provisions of ASTM E 1300 or CGSB 12.20 with the exception that frame or sash deflections, where not specified in this document, are not limited to the glass edge dimension divided by 175. However, deflection shall be measured and recorded in accordance with the uniform load test measurements of section 5.3.4. NOTE: Some building codes and specifications require deflection limits for glass supporting members or assembly framing which exceed those of this standard. For this reason, it is required that deflection measurements be taken so that compliance can be determined when required. Edge support of glazing materials is a factor in selecting the proper glazing material to meet wind load requirements. Proof of code compliance can be determined by using the standards referenced above or alternately by test or calculation. 6.1.3 Removable Multiple Glazing Panels (RMGP’S) RMGP’s shall contain glazing that fully conforms to the same requirements as the primary glazing as noted in Sections 6.1.1 and 6.1.2. RMGP’s shall be permitted to be installed on either the interior side or the exterior side of the primary glazing. 6.2 Framing/Cladding 6.2.1 Wood Wood parts, where used, shall be wood or wood composites that have been kiln-dried to a moisture content no greater than twelve percent (12%) by oven-dry weight at the time of fabrication. Aesthetic defects and discoloration are permitted provided the surface is suitable for an opaque finish. The mechanical properties of wood framing members shall be suitable for the structural performance test requirements of this standard. Any adhesives used in the manufacture of finger-jointed parts shall comply with the wet use adhesive requirements of ASTM D 5572. Any adhesives used in the manufacture of edge bonded parts shall comply with the wet use adhesive requirements of ASTM D 5751. All wood or wood composite profile components such as sash, frame, or other structural profiles related to glazing retention and/or structural division of glazing lites within a common sash or frame, shall comply with WDMA I.S. 4.

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6.2.2 Vinyl 6.2.2.1 Rigid PVC profile components where used as a sash, frame, or other structural profiles related to glazing retention and/or structural division of glazing lites within a common sash or frame, shall comply with AAMA 303. 6.2.2.2 PVC and CPVC components used as cladding, or as other non-structural members, shall comply with the requirements of ASTM D 4726 and AAMA 303 for color hold and weatherability only. NOTE: On exposure to direct sunlight, dark colors tend to develop higher surface temperatures than white colors. Special design considerations may be required for dark colors. 6.2.2.3 PVC compounds shall be tested by an independent testing agency for weatherability in accordance with ASTM D 4726 and AAMA 303. Upon completion of the weathering tests, the color of the test specimens shall remain within the color hold guidelines of ASTM D 4726 and AAMA 303. 6.2.2.4 Organic coatings for PVC profiles shall comply with AAMA 613 or AAMA 615. NOTE: Performance standards covering laminates for PVC compounds are currently under development. When complete, they will be considered for inclusion in this standard. 6.2.2.5 Cellular PVC NOTE: Performance standards covering cellular PVC compounds are currently under development. When complete, they will be considered for inclusion in this standard 6.2.3 Aluminum 6.2.3.1 Aluminum shall be of proper alloy for window, skylight, or glass door construction, free from defects impairing strength and/or durability. 6.2.3.2 Aluminum, where used as exterior cladding, shall comply with the applicable requirements of this section. 6.2.3.3 Aluminum alloys shall be those in which the alloying elements do not exceed the following maximum limits, by weight:

Silicone 7.0% Copper 0.4%

Zinc 1.0%

Others, Total 0.5%

Magnesium Manganese

Chromium

Total 6.0%

Iron 1.0% Balance - Aluminum

TABLE 6.3

6.2.3.4 Aluminum extrusions shall have a minimum ultimate tensile strength of 150 MPa (22,000 psi) and a minimum yield strength of 110 MPa (16,000 psi). 6.2.3.5 As an example, commercial alloy 6063 is one of several alloys that will meet the above requirements. 6.2.3.6 If a manufacturer offers both thermal barrier and non-thermal barrier construction using the same extrusions, testing of the thermal barrier construction qualifies the non-thermal barrier construction, but testing the non-thermal barrier construction will not qualify the thermal barrier construction. 6.2.3.7 Thermal barrier extrusions shall be tested for structural properties using the AAMA 505 test method and the test methods included in TIR A8 as applicable. Poured and de-bridged thermal barriers shall be produced in accordance with AAMA TIR A8 and AAMA QAG-1. 6.2.3.8 Sheet aluminum shall have a minimum yield strength of 100 MPa (14,500 psi). Tolerances for aluminum sheet shall be per ANSI H35.2. 6.2.4 Fiberglass 6.2.4.1 Fiberglass profiles shall comply with AAMA 305. 6.2.4.2 All exposed fiberglass surfaces which are factory coated shall have a protective coating that complies with the requirements of AAMA 613 or AAMA 615. 6.2.4.3 Fiberglass profiles which are not factory coated, but are intended to be coated by the end user of the product assembly are permitted. In this case the manufacturer shall provide the end user with written recommendations for adequately coating these profiles. 6.2.4.4 Fiberglass profiles which are not intended to be coated are permitted. Such profiles shall be shown to possess weathering resistance by exposing the test specimens to the weathering protocol of ASTM D 4726, Section A.1.1. 6.2.5 Steel 6.2.5.1 Steel Sheet 6.2.5.1.1 Exterior exposed sheet steel shall;

(I) be stainless steel; or (II) be hot-rolled oil pickled steel; or (III) have a hot-dipped zinc coating at least equal to the

coating designated as Z275 in ASTM Standard A 653M; or

(iv) comply with AAMA 907; or (v) comply with AAMA 621; or (vi) cold rolled steel shall be electro-galvanized to

conform to ASTM B 633.

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6.2.5.1.2 Sheet steel shall have sufficient ductility to permit any necessary forming operations. 6.2.5.2 Steel Sash And Frames Steel, where used as a sash, frame, or other structural member, shall be of proper alloy for window, skylight, or glass door construction, free from defects impairing strength and/or durability. All exposed steel surfaces shall have a protective coating that complies with the requirements of AAMA 2604 or AAMA 2605. 6.2.6 Cellulosic Composite Materials Cellulosic composite materials shall comply with WDMA I.S. 10. 6.2.7 Fiber Reinforced PVC 6.2.7.1 Fiber reinforced PVC compounds and profiles shall comply with AAMA 310. 6.2.7.2 All exposed fiber reinforced PVC surfaces which are factory coated shall have a protective coating that complies with the requirements of AAMA 613 or AAMA 615. 6.2.7.3 Fiber reinforced PVC profiles which are not factory coated, but are intended to be coated by the end user of the product assembly are permitted. In this case the manufacturer shall provide the end user with written recommendations for adequately coating these profiles. 6.2.7.4 Fiber reinforced PVC profiles which are not intended to be coated are permitted. Such profiles shall be shown to possess weathering resistance by exposing the test specimens to the weathering protocol of ASTM D 4726, Section A.1.1. 6.2.8 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (Abs) 6.2.8.1 ABS compounds and profiles shall comply with AAMA 304. 6.2.8.2 All exposed ABS surfaces which are factory coated shall have a protective coating that complies with the requirements of AAMA 613 or AAMA 615. 6.2.8.3 ABS profiles which are not factory coated, but are intended to be coated by the end user of the product assembly are permitted. In this case the manufacturer shall provide the end user with written recommendations for adequately coating these profiles. 6.2.8.4 ABS profiles which are not intended to be coated are permitted. Such profiles shall be shown to possess weathering resistance by exposing the test specimens to the weathering protocol of ASTM D 4726, Section A.1.1.

6.2.9 Other Framing/Cladding Materials Materials other than those listed elsewhere in Section 6 shall be permitted to be used where it can be demonstrated that the physical characteristics and the durability of such materials in the application are equal to or better than those specified in Section 6. When copper, zinc, bronze, brass or stainless steel are used in cladding applications, appropriate consideration shall be made to eliminate electrolytic (galvanic) reactions. NOTE: The book “Aluminum Properties and Physical Metallurgy” is a good reference source for further information. 6.3 Size, Size Terminology And Tolerances The product dimension is the dimension for that portion of the frame that inserts into the rough opening or over the rough opening for curb mounted or self flashed skylights. The actual overall dimensions are subject to the following tolerances:

FIGURE 6.1 NOTE: Where two dimensions are used together to express size e.g., 1200 mm x 1800 mm (48 in x 72 in), the first dimension represents width and the second dimension represents height.

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FIGURE 6.2

FIGURE 6.3 Product tolerances are critical to compliance with the performance requirements of this standard. Tolerances for components used in window, skylight, and glass door standards are contained within the reference standards for those components. Product, assembly and framing tolerances shall not exceed the values given below: The overall size tolerance at room temperature for singular rectangular products shall not exceed + 1.5 mm (1/16 in) for all dimensions 1830 mm (72 in) and under and + 3 mm (1/8 in) for all dimensions in between 1830 mm (72 in) and 3660 mm (144 in). The overall size tolerance for all dimensions greater than 3660 mm (144 in) shall be + 4.5 mm (3/16 in). This tolerance does not apply to diagonal measurements. The overall size tolerance for non-rectangular products shall not exceed + 6 mm (1/4 in). Tolerances of the wall thickness and other cross sectional dimensions of aluminum shall comply with Section 10 of ANSI H35.2. Tolerances of PVC, ABS, Fiberglass and Fiber Reinforced PVC shall comply with AAMA 303, 304, 305 and 310 respectively. The maximum allowable deviation from the nominal wall thickness shall be + 10% or 0.3 mm (0.010 in) whichever is greater for open die walls and + 15% or 0.4 mm (0.015 in) whichever is greater for

closed die walls. The weight of profiles in these materials shall not exceed + 10% of the design weight. Manufacturing tolerances for cross sectional dimensions of wood rails, stiles, heads, jambs and sills shall not exceed + 0.5 mm (0.020 in) for dimensions up to 100 mm (4 in) nor + 1.0 mm (0.040 in) for dimension greater than or equal to 100 mm (4 in).

7.0 COMPONENTS NOTE: The corrosion resistance requirements of this section for hardware, fasteners and reinforcing mullions are minimum requirements. Additional protective coatings, fastener materials, and non-conductive isolation shall be used where required to prevent corrosion. 7.1 Hardware Hardware shall be of aluminum, stainless steel, or a corrosion-resistant base material compatible with the material to which the hardware is being applied. Steel, other than stainless steel, if used, shall comply with AAMA 907. All hardware shall be serviceable in the field. (See Glossary) Operable sash or panels shall be equipped with positive latching device(s) or operating hardware equipped with a latching action. Latching devices are not restricted to locks and include other devices designed to keep the operable sash or panel in position. Operable sash or panels shall be tested with a latching device of sufficient strength to perform the function for which it is used. The term latching device as used in this standard, defines the mechanism furnished for latching and unlatching the product and does not mean that a key-operated cylinder must be supplied. Except for horizontal sliding products and hinged glass doors, and unless otherwise specified, operable products shall be equipped with operators, counterbalances, spring detents, or holding devices, which are permitted to be a part of the latching device, and which are capable of holding the operable sash or panels in the fully open position and at intermediate positions spaced a maximum of 100 mm (4 in) apart. Reduction of the number of latching devices on units smaller than the tested specimen is permitted if substantiated by acceptable engineering calculations. 7.1.1 Hung Window Hardware Primary window sash shall be equipped with counterbalancing mechanisms meeting AAMA 902 or AAMA 908.

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Counter balancing mechanisms of appropriate size and capacity to hold the sash stationary at any open position shall be used for the weights of sash to be counterbalanced. Balances shall be serviceable in the field (See Glossary). 7.1.2 Casement And Awning Window Hardware The sash position shall be individually controlled within the frame. If used, rotary operators shall comply with AAMA 901. If used, friction hinges shall comply with AAMA 904. 7.1.3 Hopper Window Hardware The sash position shall be individually controlled within the frame. If used, friction hinges shall comply with AAMA 904. 7.1.4 Projected Window Hardware If used, rotary operators shall comply with AAMA 901. Each sash shall be provided hardware capable of supporting it in any open position or shall have friction hinges which comply with AAMA 904. 7.1.5 Glass Door Hardware 7.1.5.1 Dual Action Hinged Glass Door Hardware Each operable panel shall be equipped with one handle to provide either the "swing" or "tilt" operation. The "swing" or "tilt" positions shall be individually selected and rendered operable starting only from the closed panel position. A secondary latching device to prevent accidental "swing" operation shall be provided for each operable panel. 7.1.5.2 Sliding Glass Door Rollers And Roller Assemblies Movable panels shall be fitted with rollers and roller assemblies conforming to AAMA 906. Rollers and roller assemblies shall be designed to provide easy movement and to adequately support the panel without deforming or developing flat spots. See Section 5.3.1 for operating force requirements. Corrosion resistance of hardware components shall comply with AAMA 907, where applicable. Rollers and latching devices shall be adjustable to assure proper fit and operation in the field. 7.1.6 Hinged Window Hardware 7.1.6.1 Side-Hinged Window Hardware Sash shall have at least one limit device, keyed or unkeyed, which prohibits the sash from freely swinging inward. Hinges shall be applied near corners of the sash.

If used, friction hinges, shall comply with AAMA 904. Use of hinges shall be limited to sash sizes not exceeding hardware manufacturer's weight restrictions. 7.1.6.2 Top-Hinged Window Hardware Hinges, if integrally extruded, shall be continuous. If not integrally extruded, they shall be applied either as continuous or individual hinges. Individual hinges shall be applied at the outermost corners of the sash with an additional center hinge provided where windows are over 1200 mm (47 in) wide for C designated windows and 1500 mm (59 in) wide for HC and AW designated windows. Sash shall have at least two hold-open arms attached to the frame and sash or removable stay bar securely attached when the sash is opened. When the sash is in the open position, hold-open arms or stay bar shall provide positive positioning of the sash. 7.1.7 Tropical Window Hardware Hardware shall be provided to control and securely close the sash. Rotary type operators shall meet AAMA 901. 7.1.7.1 Jalousie Hardware Pivot clips balanced within reasonable limits, shall be provided to house ends of louvers. They shall be designed to securely hold louvers under all normal operating conditions. Clips shall be so constructed and applied to jambs that they are free-pivoting and galling or abrasive action detrimental to proper operation of window will not occur between them and pivot faces of jambs. 7.1.7.2 Jalousie Louvers The specifications in Section 8.12.1 shall also apply to windows with louvers of materials other than glass including, but not limited to, aluminum, wood and plastic. Each louver type or combination of louver types shall be qualified by a complete and separate conformance test. 7.1.8 Dual-Action Window Hardware Sash shall have one or more stabilizing arms attached to the frame when the sash is opened from the top. When the sash is in the tilt-open position, stabilizing arms shall provide positive positioning of the sash. Each sash shall be equipped with hardware to provide both "tilt" and "swing" operation. The "swing" or "tilt" position shall be individually selected and rendered operable starting only from the closed sash position. A secondary latching device to prevent accidental "swing" operation is allowed for each sash. 7.2 Fasteners Fasteners shall be compatible with associated materials. Metal fasteners shall be constructed of the same material as the metal components they fasten, or of a metal that will not set up an electrolytic (galvanic) action that would damage or cause deterioration of the fastener or the

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components. Unless made from non-magnetic stainless steel, steel fasteners other than nails, staples or corrugated fasteners shall conform to one of the requirements in Table 7.1. (Further information on the capability of fasteners is found in AAMA TIR A9, Section 4.) NOTE: The Aluminum Association is considering revising their fastener standard to provide more information on fastener types and materials permitted to be used with aluminum. Contact the Aluminum Association for further information.

Fastening devices used on highly acidic woods such as, but not limited to, Redwood, Western Red Cedar, or Yellow Cypress shall be either galvanized or nonferrous. Screws, nuts, washers, bolts, rivets and other fastening devices used in the product shall be of sufficient strength and quality to perform their designated function. Surfaces of nails, staples and corrugated fasteners, that are exposed after the product is installed, shall be non-rusting or protected by a rust-resistant coating.

Material or Finish Exposure R LC C HC AW

Not visible after installation

Type II or Type III

Type II or Type III

Type II or Type III

Type II or Type III

Type II or Type III

Steel-Cadmium Plated per ASTM B766, Class 8, Type II or Type III Visible after installation Type II or

Type III Type II or Type III

Type II Only

Type II Only

Type II Only

Not visible after installation

Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted Steel-Zinc Coated per ASTM B633 or ASTM A123 or ASTM A641 Visible after installation Permitted Permitted Not

permitted Not

permitted Not

permitted Not visible after installation

Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted Steel-Nickel/Chrome Plated per ASTM B456, Type SC

Visible after installation Permitted Permitted Not permitted

Not permitted

Not permitted

Visible only if installed and open

Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted Magnetic Stainless Steel, Minimum of 16% Chrome

Visible if installed and closed

Permitted Permitted Not permitted

Not permitted

Not permitted

TABLE 7.1

7.3 Weatherstrip Primary weatherstripping shall be mechanically secured in position and shall be replaceable. Pile weatherstrip shall conform to AAMA 701. Weatherseals, including those co-extruded onto a frame or sash member, shall conform to AAMA 702. Weatherstrip of closed cell elastomer shall conform to ASTM C 509. Weatherstrip of dense elastomer shall conform to ASTM C 864. If a weatherseal, either dual durometer or a thin flexible fin of rigid vinyl, forms an integral part of a frame or sash member, provision shall be made for the installation of a functional replacement weatherstrip tested to show equivalence to AAMA 701 or 702. 7.4 Insect Screens Insect screens shall be provided when specified and be of manufacturer's standard approved design, and conform to the performance requirements of ANSI/SMA 1004, ANSI/SMA 2006 or ANSI/SMA 3001.

Insect screens are intended to provide reasonable insect control and are not for the purpose of providing security or to provide for the retention of objects or persons from the interior. Warning labels, when used, shall conform to SMA 7001. Insect screening shall be of compatible material. Aluminum screening shall conform to ANSI/ISWA 089. Plastic screening shall conform to ASTM D 3656. Insect screens shall be secured and removable without the use of special tools.

7.5 Reinforcing This section applies to all reinforcing members including meeting mullion reinforcing. Reinforcing members, if used, shall be made from aluminum, fiberglass, non-magnetic stainless steel or other corrosion-resistant base material compatible with aluminum, treated wood or PVC. Reinforcement used with highly acidic woods such as, but not limited to, Redwood, Western Red Cedar, or Yellow Cypress shall be either galvanized or nonferrous. Wood, if used as a reinforcing member, shall comply with WDMA I.S.4. Steel, other than non-magnetic stainless steel, if used, shall conform to one of the requirements in Table 7.1 and Table 7.2:

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Material or Finish Exposure R LC C HC AW Not visible after

installation Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted Steel-Zinc Chromate per

AAMA 907 Visible after installation

Permitted Permitted Not permitted

Not permitted

Not permitted

Steel- rust resistant coating per AAMA 907

All Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted

TABLE 7.2 THIS TABLE APPLIES TO METAL REINFORCEMENT ONLY

7.6 Sealants The architect or sealant manufacturer should be consulted to assist in the proper selection of materials and their application. Sealants shall comply with AAMA 800. Sealing compounds shall be compatible with sealants used in the manufacture of insulating glass units and all other materials with which the compounds come in contact. If sealant is used to seal mechanically fixed joints, it shall conform to AAMA 803.3, 809.2 or ASTM C 920, Type S, Grade S, Class 25.

7.7 Coatings/Finishes Finishes for framing listed in the table below, when furnished, shall conform to all requirements of the standard referenced.

FINISH STANDARD

Pigmented Organic Coating on PVC, ABS or FRP AAMA 613 or AAMA 615*

Pigmented Organic Coating on Aluminum Coil AAMA 620 or AAMA 621*

Pigmented Organic Coating on Aluminum Extrusions or Sheet AAMA 2603, 2604 or 2605*

Pigmented Organic Coating on Steel Coil AAMA 621

Pigmented Organic Coating Spray Applied to Steel AAMA 2604 or AAMA 2605*

Anodic Coating AAMA 611*

Pigmented Organic Coatings on Wood and Cellulosic Composites WDMA T.M. 12

Primer Coatings for Wood and Cellulosic Composites WDMA T.M. 11

NOTE: For information on further references to mechanical, chemical and electrochemical and organic finishes for aluminum, see the User’s Guide.

*(AW Products Only) Pigmented organic coatings shall comply with AAMA 615 or AAMA 2605, anodic finishes shall be Architectural Class I.

TABLE 7.3

7.8 Mullions Integral mullions, combination mullions or reinforcing mullions, shall be capable of withstanding the design loads outlined in Sections 8 and 9. Mullions shall be designed to transfer the design loads applied by the adjacent fenestration units to the rough opening substrate.

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FIGURE 7.1a

INTEGRAL MULLION: A horizontal or vertical member which is bounded at both ends by crossing frame members. An elevation and two possible typical cross sections are shown.

FIGURE 7.1b

COMBINATION MULLION: A horizontal or vertical member formed by joining two or more individual fenestration units together without a mullion stiffener. An elevation and two possible typical cross sections are shown.

FIGURE 7.1c REINFORCING MULLION: A horizontal or vertical member with an added continuous mullion stiffener and two or more individual fenestration units along the sides of the mullion stiffener. Mullion stiffeners may be designed to carry all of the load or may share the load with adjacent framing members. An elevation and two possible typical cross sections are shown.

INT

EG

RA

L M

UL

LIO

N

ELEVATION 1A - INTEGRAL MULLION CASEMENT

1B1C

1B1C

FRAMESASH

FRAMESASH

SECTION 1C - INTEGRAL MULLIONALUMINUM CASEMENTSECTION 1B - INTEGRAL MULLION

W OOD CA SEMENT

COMBINATION MULLION

ELEVATION 2A - COMBINATION MULLIONHUNG

2B2C

2B2C

FRAMESASH

FRAMESASH

SECTION 2C - COMBINATION MULLIONVINYL DOUBLE HUNG

SECTION 2B - COMBINATION MULLIONWOOD DOUBLE HUNG

MU

LL

ION

ST

IFF

EN

ER

E L E V A T IO N 3 A - R E IN F O R C IN G M U L L IO N C A S E M E N T & F IX E D

3 B3 C

3 B3 C

F R A M ES A S H

F R A M ES A S H

R E IN F O R C IN G M U L L IO N

S E C T IO N 3 C - R E IN F O R C IN G M U L L IO NV IN Y L C A S E M E N T

S E C T IO N 3 B - R E IN F O R C IN G M U L L IO NW O O D C A S E M E N T

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 47

MULLION STIFFENER: An additional reinforcing member used as a part of a reinforcing mullion. Mullion stiffeners shall be designed to carry all of the load or share the load with adjacent framing members. See section 7.5 for additional information on reinforcing. 7.8.1 Composite Units Composite Units utilize Integral Mullions within a single frame. Composite Units shall be tested as a complete unit according to the provisions of the appropriate section(s) of this standard. Further division of Composite Units for testing as sub-units is not permitted. 7.8.2 Combination Assemblies Combination Assemblies utilize Combination Mullions and/or Reinforcing Mullions between separate window or glass door units. Combination Assemblies shall be qualified either by; (1) testing as Combination Assemblies, or by; (2) testing as individual units with mullion performance either tested separately or calculated. 7.8.2.1 Tested As A Combination Assembly If tested as a Combination Assembly, the individual units making up the Combination Assembly also qualify as individual units with unit width & height < individual test unit size. Also, the mullion is qualified for spans & tributary widths < the tested Combination Assembly. 7.8.2.2 Tested As Individual Units With Separate Mullion Qualification If individual unit tests are used to qualify Combination Assemblies, the mullion design must be verified by testing in accordance with the appropriate section(s) of this standard or calculations utilizing accepted engineering methods. 7.8.3 Field Mulling Without Manufacturers Involvement Windows and glass doors combined into assemblies consisting of two or more individual units in the field without the manufacturer’s involvement, testing, or evidence of compliance are not covered in this standard. Manufacturer’s involvement includes published installation procedures and manufactured parts, such as mullion stiffeners, brackets and fasteners. 7.8.4 Windload Deflection Mullions shall be designed to withstand the full design load specified, regardless of the fenestration product Performance Class. Uniform load deflection test shall be conducted in accordance with Section 5. Deflection of all mullions at design load tested shall be recorded. Evidence of compliance for all performance classes shall be permitted to be by mathematical calculation using accepted engineering methods.

Uniform load structural test shall be conducted in accordance with Section 5. Mullions shall be capable of resisting a load 150% of the design pressure loads applied by the window and door assemblies to be supported without exceeding the appropriate material stress levels. The 150% design pressure load shall be sustained for 10 seconds, and the permanent deformation shall not exceed 0.4% of the mullion span for R and LC products, 0.3% of the mullion span for C and HC products and 0.2% of the mullion span for AW products after the 150% design pressure load is removed. 7.8.4.1 Integral Mullions Used With HC And AW Products Only Integral Mullions used with HC and AW products (only) shall not exceed a deflection of 1/175 of the span of the mullion when the unit is loaded at design pressure. Deflection limits for Integral Mullions apply only to HC and AW classes. 7.8.4.2 Combination Mullions And Reinforcing Mullions Used With All Classes Combination Mullions and Reinforcing Mullions used with all performance classes shall be capable of resisting the design pressure loads applied by the adjacent product assemblies to be supported. Combination Mullions and Reinforcing Mullions of untested Combination Assemblies shall not exceed a deflection of 1/175 of the span of the mullion when the Combination Assembly is loaded at design pressure. Deflection limits for Combination Mullions and Reinforcing Mullions shall apply to the mullion only. NOTE: AAMA 450 may be referenced for further information concerning mullions used in multi-lite combinations. 7.8.5 Operational Interference Operation of windows or glass doors shall not be impaired by the vertical deflection of horizontal mullions. The vertical deflection of horizontal mullions shall be determined for the most severe type of loading (magnitude and location) applied to the member. This will require that units/assemblies be evaluated with the heaviest glazing configuration available. The deflection shall be determined either by test or by calculation, knowing the stiffness value of the member and the magnitude of the total load which shall be determined from the mass of the sash or panels supported by the member. 7.8.6 Vertical Deflection The vertical deflection of horizontal mullions shall not exceed 3 mm (1/8 in.) or half the clearance between the framing and operating portion - whichever is less. Also, there shall be no permanent deformation of any part of the test specimen that would inhibit operation of any adjacent products.

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 48

7.8.7 Mullion Rating Testing Composite Units or Mulled Combination Assemblies per this standard qualifies mullions in similar units or assemblies with equal or smaller spans, and equal or smaller tributary widths, and horizontal mullions with equal or smaller supported mass. When mathematical calculations referenced in this section are substituted for physical testing, the acceptance or approval of such calculations is the responsibility of approval and enforcement agencies. 7.9 Integral Ventilating Systems/Devices Primary window, glass door or skylight products incorporating a ventilating system(s)/device(s) installed in the unit shall be tested with the ventilating system(s)/device(s) installed. The combination shall comply with all performance requirements of this standard for the window, skylight, or glass door type being tested. The specimen shall be tested twice for water penetration and twice for air leakage, once with the venting portion of the ventilating system(s)/device(s) in the closed position and again with the venting portion closed and taped or sealed. Air and water performance values for both test modes shall be included in the test report.

7.10 Blinds In A Dual Glazed Products Primary window, skylight, or glass door products incorporating a blind(s) installed in the unit shall be tested with the blind(s) not installed. The combination shall comply with all performance requirements of this standard for the window, glass door or skylight type being tested. If a venetian blind is included in an enclosed non-hermetically sealed air space, the air space shall be vented. 7.11 Setting Blocks Elastomeric setting blocks, if used, shall have a Shore A hardness of 80 to 90 durometer when tested in accordance with ASTM Standard D2240. PVC setting blocks, if used, shall have a Shore A hardness of 80 durometer or a Shore D hardness of 85 durometer. Setting blocks shall be compatible with the insulating glass unit edge sealant. Metal, wood (excluding integral wooden setting blocks), and/or other porous materials shall be excluded from use. Setting blocks shall uniformly support all lights of glass and shall not obstruct venting and draining of the glazing cavity. When setting blocks are installed on sloped sills, they shall be tapered or set on tapered shims in order to provide support for all lights of the insulating glass unit. Setting blocks should preferably be centered at quarter points of the width of the glazing unit. To avoid excessive deflection of the supporting member, setting blocks shall be permitted to be installed in other locations. Setting block length shall be 25 mm per square meter (0.1 in/ft2) of

glass area and not less than 100 mm (4 in) for units 1220 mm (48 in) wide or wider. 7.12 Anchors Anchoring devices supplied by the manufacturer shall be of aluminum, stainless steel, or other corrosion-resistant base material compatible with aluminum, treated wood or PVC. Steel, other than stainless steel, if used, shall be plated with one of the following materials:

Material Specification Cadmium Plated ASTM B766, Class 8, Type II or Type III

Zinc Plated ASTM B633

TABLE 7.4

NOTE: Refer to AAMA CWG-1, "Installation of Aluminum Curtain Walls," and AAMA TIR-A9, "Metal Curtain Wall Fasteners." for more information. 7.13 Dividers (Muntins) 7.13.1 True divided lite (TDL) dividers (muntins) separate the glazing into individual smaller glazing lites. TDL muntins carry a structural load. Tests of TDL units qualify similar units of equal or smaller sizes. Tests of units with TDL dividers do not qualify single lite units without TDL dividers nor do tests of single lite units without TDL dividers qualify units with TDL dividers. 7.13.2 Decorative simulated divided lite units (SDL), usually attached to the glazing by adhesive, removable grids and grills-between-the-glass units are non-structural components that do not divide the glazing into individual smaller glazing lites. Tests of single lite units without dividers shall be used to qualify units with simulated divided lites (SDL) and grills-between-the-glass units.

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 49

8.0 FENESTRATION TYPE AND TEST SIZE All windows, skylights and glass doors and their components shall meet all the applicable requirements of Sections 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0 and this Section for one of the following product types. Each specimen submitted for Gateway testing shall be a completely assembled and glazed (unglazed where required) window, skylight, or glass door of standard construction in the largest size for which acceptance is sought under this standard, but in no case less than the minimum size shown for the appropriate product designation. The sizes provided are shown width first and height second. The units are in millimeters and those in parentheses are in inches. NOTE: The symbology used in this standard for a hinged or pivoted sash or panel is a dashed line in the shape of a “V”. The ends of the “V” indicate the locking edge of the sash or panel and the point of the “V” indicates the edge of the sash or panel where the hinges or pivots are attached. PRIMARY UNITS FOR COMPLIANCE ARE METRIC. Those in parentheses are for reference only. Imperial or inch-pound units have been rounded upward in this standard to the nearest inch. If the user wishes to achieve greater accuracy in using these units than that shown he should perform and exact conversion from metric to imperial units. Testing qualifies only the product orientation tested. For example: • An inswing casement cannot be qualified by testing

an outswing casement. • A three panel slider tested with the center sash/panel

to the exterior does not qualify a similar unit with the sash/panel to the interior.

• A fixed unit tested in one orientation does not qualify a reversed unit.

• A unit tested with glass set from the exterior does not qualify a unit with glass set from the interior.

Where dual windows are tested for compliance with this standard, the test size will be the same as those provided in each performance class for the type of product being tested. The product designation shall incorporate the letters DW as outlined in section 4.0. All hardware shall comply with the requirements outlined in Section 7.1.

FIGURE 8.1 8.1 Fixed Windows Designation, Class And Size Fixed windows are non-operable and are permitted to consist of a glazed frame or a non-operable sash within a frame. This category does not include non-operable skylights.

Minimum gateway test size

Product Designation

Performance Class

mm (in) F-R15 Residential 1200 x 1200 (48 x 48)

F-LC25 Light Commercial 1400 x 1400 (56 x 56)

F-C30 Commercial 1500 x 1500 (60 x 60)

F-HC40 Heavy Commercial 1500 x 1800 (60 x 71)

F-AW40 Architectural 1500 x 2500 (60 x 99)

TABLE 8.1

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 50

The following table shows class Gateway entry level requirements for fixed windows. Air Leakage Test Design

Pressure Pa (lb/ft2)

Deflection at Design Pressure

Structural Test Pressure

Pa (lb/ft2)

Water Test Pressure Pa (lb/ft2)


Allowance L/s/m2 (cfm/ft2)

Auxillary Tests

F-R15 720 (15) Reported 1080 (22.5) 140 (2.92) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1 F-LC25 1200 (25) Reported 1800 (37.5) 180 (3.75) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1 F-C30 1440 (30) Reported 2160 (45.0) 220 (4.50) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1 F-HC40 1920 (40) L/175 2880 (60.0) 290 (6.00) 300 (6.24) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1 F-AW40 1920 (40) L/175 2880 (60.0) 390 (8.00) 300 (6.24) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1 TABLE 8.2

NOTE: Fixed windows by definition do not contain operating sash, therefore, the AW class is not required to undergo life cycle testing.

FIGURE 8.2

8.2 Vertically Sliding Windows Vertically sliding windows are units which contain at least one manually operated sash which slides vertically within a common frame. All provisions of testing apply whether there are one, two or three sash which operate. This category has two sub categories which are hung and non-hung windows. 8.2.1 Hung Windows Designation Class And Size Hung windows utilize counter-balancing devices to allow the sash to be opened to any variable position between its fully open and fully closed limits. Common types are single hung, double hung and triple hung.


Product Designation

Performance Class

mm (in) H-R15 Residential 1100 x 1500 (44 x 60)

H-LC25 Light Commercial 1100 x 1900 (44 x 75)

H-C30 Commercial 1400 x 2300 (56 x 91)

H-HC40 Heavy Commercial 1500 x 2500 (60 x 99)

H-AW40 Architectural 1500 x 2500 (60 x 99)

TABLE 8.3

The following table shows class Gateway entry level requirements for hung windows.

Air Leakage Test Operating Force

Initiate Maintain

Design




Pa (lb/ft2)



Allowance L/s/m2 (cfm/ft2) N (lb) N (lb)

Auxillary Tests

H-R15 720 (15) Reported 1080 (22.5) 140 (2.92) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 200 (45) 140 (30) 5.3.1, 5.3.5,

5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.2

H-LC25 1200 (25) Reported 1800 (37.5) 180 (3.75) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 230 (50) 155 (35) 5.3.1, 5.3.5,

5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.2

H-C30 1440 (30) Reported 2160 (45.0) 220 (4.50) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 230 (50) 200 (45) 5.3.1, 5.3.5,

5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.2

H-HC40 1920 (40) L/175 2880 (60.0) 290 (6.00) 300 (6.24) 1.5 (.3) 230 (50) 200 (45) 5.3.1, 5.3.5,

5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.2

H-AW40

1920 (40) L/175 2880 (60.0) 390 (8.00) 300 (6.24) 1.5 (.3) 230 (50) 200 (45) 5.3.1, 5.3.5,

5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.2, 5.3.6.8

TABLE 8.4

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 51

8.2.2 Vertically Sliding Non-Hung Windows Non-hung windows utilize mechanical retainers or slide bolts to allow the sash to be opened to any one of the pre-selected positions between its fully open and fully closed limits.

The following table shows class Gateway entry level requirements for non-hung vertically sliding windows.


Initiate Maintain

Design



Structural Test


Water Test




Auxillary Tests

VS-R15 720 (15) Reported 1080 (22.5) 140 (2.92) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 110 (25) 70 (15) 5.3.1, 5.3.5,

5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.2, 5.3.6.6

VS-LC25

1200 (25) Reported 1800 (37.5) 180 (3.75) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 230 (50) 155 (35) 5.3.1, 5.3.5,

5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.2, 5.3.6.6

VS-C30 1440 (30) Reported 2160 (45.0) 220 (4.50) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 270 (60) 200 (45) 5.3.1, 5.3.5,

5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.2, 5.3.6.6

TABLE 8.6

8.2.3 Composite Chart

H

W

Center Line

HU

H/2 HL

Center Line

HU

H/2 HL

WR WC WL WR WL

WR WL

H

H

H

A

B

C

D

HC is the height of the center sash in a triple

hung window.

FIGURE 8.3 NOTE: The diagrams shown above are typical but not all inclusive. They are intended primarily for windows with composite units with integral mullions. Other configurations shall be permitted to be evaluated provided they follow the size guidelines listed below. Testing a D configuration will qualify windows produced in a B configuration.

Type W H WL, WC, WR

B, C or D w/o Type A Test > Minimum Test Width > Minimum Test Height > W

B, C or D with Type A Test Largest width for which compliance

of the composite unit is desired Largest height for which compliance of

the composite unit is desired

Largest fixed lite width for which compliance of the composite unit is

desired

TABLE 8.7


Product Designation

Performance Class

mm (in) VS-R15 Residential 1100 x 1500 (44 x 60) VS-LC25 Light Commercial 1100 x 1900 (44 x 75) VS-C30 Commercial 1400 x 2300 (56 x 91) TABLE 8.5

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 52

The test unit shall contain sash or frame of the largest dimension (width and height) for which compliance is desired. Sash or frame larger (width and/or height) than those tested do not comply. For composite units, each unique intermediate framing member shall be tested in the longest dimension for which compliance is desired. Intermediate framing members which are longer or which are not tested do not comply. For both hung and non-hung vertically sliding windows the base test unit must always have HU, HC and HL > H/2 where H equals the gateway frame height. The test rating obtained covers units in which HU < HUtest and HL < HLtest and WC > WL and WR. 8.3 Horizontally Sliding Windows Designation Class And Size Horizontally sliding windows contain manually operated sash which slide horizontally within a common frame. Operating sash (X) and a fixed lite (O) comprising a unit are termed single sliders (XO or OX). When two operating sash are separated by a fixed lite, the unit is termed a picture slide or end vent (XOX). When two fixed lites are separated by an operating sash, the unit is termed a center slide (OXO). When two bi-parting sash are located at the center of the unit with fixed lites at each end, the unit is termed a bi-part center slide (OXXO). When adjacent sash by-pass one another, the unit is termed as a double slide (XX or XXO) or a double slide end vent (XXX).

FIGURE 8.4


Product Designation

Performance Class

mm (in) HS-R15 Residential 1600 x 1100 (63 x 44)

HS-LC25 Light Commercial

1800 x 1400 (71 x 56)

HS-C30 Commercial 1800 x 1500 (71 x 60)

HS-HC40 Heavy Commercial

2500 x 2000 (99 x 79)

HS-AW40 Architectural 2500 x 2000 (99 x 79)

TABLE 8.8

The following table shows class Gateway entry level requirements for horizontally sliding windows.


Initiate Maintain

Design



Structural Test





Auxillary Tests

HS-R15 720 (15) Reported 1080 (22.5) 140 (2.92) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 140 (30) 90 (20) 5.3.1, 5.3.5,

5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.2

HS-LC25 1200 (25) Reported 1800 (37.5) 180 (3.75) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 155 (35) 115 (25) 5.3.1, 5.3.5,

5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.2

HS-C30 1440 (30) Reported 2160 (45.0) 220 (4.50) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 155 (35) 115 (25) 5.3.1, 5.3.5,

5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.2

HS-HC40 1920 (40) L/175 2880 (60.0) 290 (6.00) 300 (6.24) 1.5 (.3) 155 (35) 115 (25) 5.3.1, 5.3.5,

5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.2

HS-AW40 1920 (40) L/175 2880 (60.0) 390 (8.00) 300 (6.24) 1.5 (.3) 155 (35) 115 (25) 5.3.1, 5.3.5,

5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.2, 5.3.6.8

TABLE 8.9

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 53


A B C

D E

H

W/2 W/2 W/2 W/2 W/2 W/2

WL

H

H H

H

WC WR WL WC WR

W WL, WC and WR are the widths of the left, center and right sash

FIGURE 8.5 NOTE: The diagrams shown above are typical but not all inclusive. They are intended primarily for windows with common mainframes and integral mullions. Other configurations shall be permitted to be evaluated provided they follow the size guidelines listed below. Testing a D configuration will qualify windows produced in an A or B configuration.

Type W H WC WR and WL C, D or E w/o Type A or B Test

> Minimum Test Width

> Minimum Test Height > W > W/2

C, D or E with Type A or B Test

Largest width for which compliance of the composite unit is desired

Largest height for which compliance of the composite unit is desired

Largest fixed lite width for which compliance of the composite unit is desired

Largest sash width for which compliance of the composite unit is desired

TABLE 8.10 The test unit shall contain sash or frame of the largest dimension (width and height) for which compliance is desired. Sash or frame larger (width and/or height) than those tested do not comply. For composite units, each unique intermediate framing member shall be tested in the longest dimension for which compliance is desired. Intermediate framing members which are longer or which are not tested do not comply.

For horizontally sliding windows the base test unit must always have WR, WC and WL > W/2 where W equals the gateway frame width. The test rating obtained covers units in which WR < WRtest and WL < WLtest and WC > WL and WR.

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 54

FIGURE 8.6

8.4 Awning, Hopper, Projected Windows Designation, Class And Size Projected windows have one or more sash hinged at the top or bottom which project outward or inward from the plane of the frame. An awning (POB or THPO) rotates about its top hinge and projects outward. A hopper window (PIT or BHPI) rotates about its bottom hinge and projects inward. Top Hinged Projecting In and Bottom Hinged Projecting Out are also included in this category. They contain one or more operable sash, fixed lites, or transoms in various combinations.


Product Designation

Performance Class

mm (in)

AP-R15 Residential 1200 x 400 (48 x 16) AP-LC25 Light Commercial 1200 x 800 (48 x 32)

AP-C30 Commercial 1200 x 800 (48 x 32)

AP-HC40 Heavy

Commercial 1500 x 800 (60 x 32)

AP-AW40 Architectural 1500 x 900 (60 x 36)

TABLE 8.11

The following table shows class Gateway entry level requirements for awning, hopper, projected windows.


Initiate Maintain

Design



Structural Test


Water Test




Auxillary Tests

AP-R15 720 (15) Reported 1080 (22.5) 140 (2.92) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 70 (15) 30 (7) 5.3.1, 5.3.5,

5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.3

AP-LC25 1200 (25) Reported 1800 (37.5) 180 (3.75) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 70 (15) 30 (7) 5.3.1, 5.3.5,

5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.3

AP-C30 1440 (30) Reported 2160 (45.0) 220 (4.50) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 70 (15) 30 (7) 5.3.1, 5.3.5,

5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.3

AP-HC40 1920 (40) L/175 2880 (60.0) 290 (6.00) 300 (6.24) 1.5 (.3) 90 (20) 45 (10)

5.3.1, 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.1,

5.3.6.3.4, 5.3.6.4.1, 5.3.6.4.2, 5.3.6.5.3

AP-AW40 1920 (40) L/175 2880 (60.0) 390 (8.00) 300 (6.24) 1.5 (.3) 90 (20) 45 (10)

5.3.1, 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.1,

5.3.6.3.4, 5.3.6.4.1,

5.3.6.4.2, 5.3.6.8 TABLE 8.12

*The values shown here are for rotary type operators. For lever type or other operator styles please refer to the table provided in section 5.3.1.

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 55


E

D C

B A

W

H

W W

W

W W W

HU H

HC

HL

HU

HL

HU

HCL

HCU

HL

FIGURE 8.7 NOTE: The diagrams shown above are typical but not all inclusive. They are intended primarily for windows with composite units with integral mullions. Other configurations shall be permitted to be evaluated provided they follow the size guidelines listed below. Testing a D configuration will qualify windows produced in a B configuration. Testing a C configuration qualifies windows in an A, B or D configuration.

Type W H HU, HL, HCU, HCL C, D or E w/o Type A or B Test > Minimum Test Width > Minimum Test Height > H C, D or E with Type A or B Test Largest width for which

compliance of the composite unit is desired



TABLE 8.13 The test unit shall contain sash or frame of the largest dimension (width and height) for which compliance is desired. Sash or frame larger (width and/or height) than those tested do not comply.

For composite units, each unique intermediate framing member shall be tested in the longest dimension for which compliance is desired. Intermediate framing members which are longer or which are not tested do not comply.

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 56

FIGURE 8.8

8.5 Casement Windows Designation Class And Size Casement windows have one or more sash hinged at the side (adjacent to the jambs) which project outward or inward from the plane of the window in the vertical plane. A conventional casement window rotates about its side hinge and projects outward. Casement windows contain one or more operable sash, fixed lites, or transoms in various combinations.


Product Designation

Performance Class

mm (in)

C-R15 Residential 600 x 1500 (24 x 60)

C-LC25 Light

Commercial 800 x 1500 (32 x 60)

C-C30 Commercial 800 x 1500 (32 x 60)

C-HC40 Heavy

Commercial 900 x 1500 (36 x 60)

C-AW40 Architectural 900 x 1500 (36 x 60)

TABLE 8.14

The following table shows class Gateway entry level requirements for casement windows.


Initiate Maintain

Design



Structural Test


Water Test




Auxillary Tests

C-R15 720 (15) Reported 1080 (22.5) 140 (2.92) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 70 (15) 30 (7) 5.3.1, 5.3.5,

5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.2, 5.3.6.5.1

C-LC25 1200 (25) Reported 1800 (37.5) 180 (3.75) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 70 (15) 30 (7) 5.3.1, 5.3.5,

5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.2, 5.3.6.5.1

C-C30 1440 (30) Reported 2160 (45.0) 220 (4.50) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 70 (15) 30 (7) 5.3.1, 5.3.5,

5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.2, 5.3.6.5.1

C-HC40 1920 (40) L/175 2880 (60.0) 290 (6.00) 300 (6.24) 1.5 (.3) 90 (20) 45 (10)

5.3.1, 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.1,

5.3.6.3.2, 5.3.6.5.1

C-AW40 1920 (40) L/175 2880 (60.0) 390 (8.00) 300 (6.24) 1.5 (.3) 90 (20) 45 (10)

5.3.1, 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.1,

5.3.6.3.2, 5.3.6.5.1, 5.3.6.8

TABLE 8.15

*The values shown here are for rotary type operators. For lever type or other operator styles please refer to the table provided in section 5.3.1.

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 57


D C B A H

W

H H H

WL WR WL WR WL WC WR

FIGURE 8.9 NOTE: The diagrams shown above are typical but not all inclusive. They are intended primarily for windows with composite unit with integral mullions. Other configurations shall be permitted to be evaluated provided they follow the size guidelines listed below. Testing a D configuration will qualify windows produced in a A or B configuration.

Type W H WL, WC, WR B, C or D w/o Type A Test

> Minimum Test Width > Minimum Test Height > W

B, C or D with Type A Test

Largest width for which compliance of the composite unit is desired



TABLE 8.16 The test unit shall contain sash or frame of the largest dimension (width and height) for which compliance is desired. Sash or frame larger (width and/or height) than those tested do not comply. For composite units, each unique intermediate framing member shall be tested in the longest dimension for which compliance is desired. Intermediate framing members which are longer or which are not tested do not comply.

8.6 Glass Doors A glass door is comprised of one or more glazed operable panels, each panel in a glass door, whether fixed or operable shall have a vision area between 25% and 95% as compared to the overall panel size of a gateway size unit. They are also different from those doors which are used as primary entry doors. For the design of such systems, the specifier is urged to consult AAMA 1702.2 and/or WDMA I.S.9 in the U.S. and CGSB 82.5 in Canada. NOTE: The dual action hinged and hinged glass door requirements of this specification are different from those required for store fronts and commercial entrance systems. For the design of such systems, the specifier is urged to consult the AAMA “Aluminum Store Front and Entrance Manual”.

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 58

FIGURE 8.10

8.6.1 Sliding Glass Doors Designation, Type And Size Sliding glass doors contain manually operated panels which slide horizontally within a common frame. Operating panel (X) and a fixed lite (O) comprising a unit are termed single slide (XO or OX). When two operating panels are separated by a fixed lite, the unit is termed a picture slide or end vent (XOX). When two fixed lites are separated by an operating panel, the unit is termed a center slide (OXO). When two bi-parting panels are located at the center of the unit with fixed lites at each end, the unit is termed a bi-part center slide (OXXO). When adjacent panels by-pass one another, the unit is termed as a double slide (XX, OXX or XXO) or a double slide end vent (XXX).

Minimum Frame Test Size

Product Designation

Performance Class

mm (in) SGD-R15 Residential 1800 x 2000 (71 x 79)

SGD-LC25 Light Commercial

2200 x 2100 (87 x 83)

SGD-C30 Commercial 2400 x 2100 (95 x 83) SGD-HC40 Heavy

Commercial 3100 x 2400 (123 x 95)

SGD-AW40 Architectural 3100 x 2400 (123 x 95)

TABLE 8.17 The following table shows class Gateway entry-level requirements for sliding glass doors.


Initiate Maintain

Design



Structural Test


Water Test




Auxillary Tests

SGD-R15

720 (15) Reported 1080 (22.5) 140 (2.92) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 140 (30) 90 (20) 5.3.1, 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1,

5.3.6.2 SGD-LC25

1200 (25) Reported 1800 (37.5) 180 (3.75) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 140 (30) 90 (20) 5.3.1, 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1,

5.3.6.2 SGD-C30

1440 (30) Reported 2160 (45.0) 220 (4.50) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 140 (30) 90 (20) 5.3.1, 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1,

5.3.6.2 SGD-HC40

1920 (40) L/175 2880 (60.0) 290 (6.00) 300 (6.24) 1.5 (.3) 180 (40) 115 (25) 5.3.1, 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1,

5.3.6.2 SGD-AW40

1920 (40) L/175 2880 (60.0) 390 (8.00) 300 (6.24) 1.5 (.3) 180 (40) 115 (25) 5.3.1, 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1,

5.3.6.2, 5.3.6.8 TABLE 8.18

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 59

8.6.1.1 Composite Chart

A B C

D E

H

W/2 W/2 W/2 W/2 W/2 W/2

WL

H

H H

H

WC WR WL WC WR

W WL, WC and WR are the widths of the left, center and right panels.

FIGURE 8.11 NOTE: The diagrams shown above are typical but not all inclusive. They are intended primarily for horizontally sliding glass door with composite unit with integral mullions. Other configurations shall be permitted to be evaluated provided they follow the size guidelines listed below. Testing a D configuration will qualify doors produced in a B configuration.

Type W H WC WR and WL C, D or E w/o Type A or B Test

> Minimum Test Width

> Minimum Test Height > WR and WL > W/2

C, D or E with Type A or B Test

Largest panel height for which compliance of the composite unit is desired



Largest panel width for which compliance of the composite unit is desired

TABLE 8.19 The test unit shall contain panels or frame of the largest dimension (width and height) for which compliance is desired. Panels or frame larger (width and/or height) than those tested do not comply. For composite units, each unique intermediate framing member shall be tested in the longest dimension for which compliance is desired. Intermediate framing members which are longer or which are not tested do not comply.

For horizontally sliding glass doors the base test unit must always have WR, WC and WL > W/2 where W equals the gateway size frame width. The test rating obtained covers units in which WR < WRtest and WL < WLtest and WC > WL and WR.

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 60

FIGURE 8.12

8.6.2 Hinged Glass Doors Hinged glass doors contain one or more operable glazed panels within a common frame. The operable panels are side hinged and are either in-swinging or out-swinging, but not both directions.


Product Designation

Performance Class

mm (in) HGD-R15 Residential 900 x 2000 (36 x 79)

HGD-LC25 Light Commercial

900 x 2100 (36 x 83)

HGD-C30 Commercial 1000 x 2100 (40 x 83)

HGD-HC40 Heavy Commercial

1500 x 2500 (60 x 99)

TABLE 8.20

The following table shows class Gateway entry-level requirements for hinged glass doors.

Air Leakage Test Design Pressure

Pa (lb/ft2)

Deflection

at Design

Pressure

Structural

Test Pressure

Pa (lb/ft2)

Water Test Pressure

Pa (lb/ft2)

Pressure

Pa (lb/ft2)

Allowance

L/s/m2 (cfm/ft2) Auxillary Tests

HGD-R15 720 (15) Reported 1080 (22.5) 140 (2.92) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.6.1

HGD-LC25 1200 (25) Reported 1800 (37.5) 180 (3.75) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.6.1

HGD-C30 1440 (30) Reported 2160 (45.0) 220 (4.50) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.6.1

HGD-HC40 1920 (40) L/175 2880 (60.0) 290 (6.00) 300 (6.24) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.6.1

TABLE 8.21


D C B A H

W

H H H


FIGURE 8.13 NOTE: The diagrams shown above are typical but not all inclusive They are intended primarily for hinged glass doors with composite unit with integral mullions. Other configurations shall be permitted to be evaluated provided they follow the size guidelines listed below. Testing a D configuration will qualify doors produced in a B configuration.

Type W H WL, WC, WR B, C or D w/o Type A Test > Minimum Test Width > Minimum Test Height > W

B, C or D with Type A Test Largest panel width for which compliance of the composite unit is desired



TABLE 8.22

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 61

The test unit shall contain panels or frame of the largest dimension (width and height) for which compliance is desired. Panels or frame larger (width and/or height) than those tested do not comply. For composite units, each unique intermediate framing member shall be tested in the longest dimension for which compliance is desired. Intermediate framing members which are longer or which are not tested do not comply.

8.6.3 Dual Action Hinged Glass Doors Dual action hinged glass doors consist of one or more glazed panels contained within an overall frame designed so that one of the glazed panels is operable in a swing mode and can be tilted inward from the top for ventilation.


Product Designation

Performance Class

mm (in) DA-HGD-R15 Residential 900 x 2000 (36 x 79) DA-HGD-LC25 Light Commercial 900 x 2100 (36 x 83) DA-HGD-C30 Commercial 1000 x 2100 (40 x 83) DA-HGD-HC40 Heavy Commercial 1500 x 2500 (60 x 99)

TABLE 8.23

The following table shows class Gateway entry-level requirements for dual action hinged glass doors.

Air Leakage Test Design Pressure Pa (lb/ft2)



Pa (lb/ft2)




Auxillary Tests

DA-HGD R15 720 (15) Reported 1080 (22.5) 140 (2.92) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.1, 5.3.6.3.4,

5.3.6.5.2

DA-HGD LC25 1200 (25) Reported 1800 (37.5) 180 (3.75) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.1, 5.3.6.3.4,

5.3.6.5.2

DA-HGD C30 1440 (30) Reported 2160 (45.0) 220 (4.50) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.1, 5.3.6.3.4,

5.3.6.5.2

DA-HGD HC40 1920 (40) L/175 2880 (60.0) 290 (6.00) 300 (6.24) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.1, 5.3.6.3.4,

5.3.6.5.2 TABLE 8.24


D C B A H

W

H H H


FIGURE 8.14 NOTE: The diagrams shown above are typical but not all inclusive. They are intended primarily for dual action hinged glass doors composite units with integral mullions. Other configurations shall be permitted to be evaluated provided they follow the size guidelines listed below. Testing a D configuration will qualify doors produced in a B configuration.

Type W H WL, WC, WR B, C or D w/o Type A Test > Minimum Test Width > Minimum Test Height > W

B, C or D with Type A Test Largest panel width for which compliance of the composite unit is desired



TABLE 8.25

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 62

The test unit shall contain panels or frame of the largest dimension (width and height) for which compliance is desired. Panels or frame larger (width and/or height) than those tested do not comply. For composite units, each unique intermediate framing member shall be tested in the longest dimension for which compliance is desired. Intermediate framing members which are longer or which are not tested do not comply.

FIGURE 8.15 8.7 Vertically Or Horizontally Pivoted Windows Pivoted windows are comprised of a sash which pivots about an axis within the frame. These windows can be pivoted horizontally or vertically. The pivoting action of the window allows for easy access to clean the outside surfaces of the window. Two common types are the 180-degree compression seal pivoting window and the 360-degree pivoting window.

8.7.1 180-Degree Compression Seal Window A 180-degree compression seal pivot rotates about an axis of the sash and frame to permit cleaning of the outside surfaces. After cleaning the window is pivoted back to its closed position where the sash seals against the frame using a compression type seal. 8.7.2 360-Degree Pivoted Window A 360-degree pivot rotates about the midspan of the sash and frame. When pivoted 180 degrees, it can be held for the purpose of cleaning the outside surfaces, it also provides a weather seal in this position. Upon completion of the cleaning operation, the sash can be pivoted another 180 degrees to its normal closed position. 8.7.3 Pivoted Windows Designation, Type And Size

Minimum gateway test size Product Designation Performance

Class mm (in)

VP-R15 HP-R15 Residential 1100 x 1500 (44 x 60)

VP-LC25 HP-LC25 Light

Commercial 1200 x 1500 (48 x 60)

VP-C30 HP-C30 Commercial 1200 x 2200 (48 x 87)

VP-HC40 HP-HC40 Heavy

Commercial 1500 x 2500 (60 x 99)

VP-AW40

HP-AW40 Architectural 1500 x 2500 (60 x 99)

TABLE 8.26

NOTE: Manufacturers desiring to produce windows which include a project-in sash under the cleaning sash shall furnish a test window to include their largest standard size project-in sash, increasing the height of the test window as necessary to avoid reducing the height of the pivoted sash.

The following table shows class Gateway entry-level requirements for pivoted windows.

Air Leakage Test Design




Pa (lb/ft2)




Auxillary Tests

VP/HP-R15 720 (15) Reported 1080 (22.5) 140 (2.92) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1 VP/HP-LC25 1200 (25) Reported 1800 (37.5) 180 (3.75) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1 VP/HP-C30 1440 (30) Reported 2160 (45.0) 220 (4.50) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.1, 5.3.6.3.4 VP/HP-HC40 1920 (40) L/175 2880 (60.0) 290 (6.00) 300 (6.24) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.1, 5.3.6.3.4

VP/HP-AW40 1920 (40) L/175 2880 (60.0) 390 (8.00) 300 (6.24) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.1, 5.3.6.3.4,

5.3.6.8 TABLE 8.27

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 63

8.8 Hinged Windows Hinged windows are comprised of a sash which swings inward or outward primarily for cleaning and not ventilation. They are also used for limited access or emergency rescue.

FIGURE 8.16

8.8.1 Side-Hinged Windows Designation, Class And Size

Side-hinged windows are hinged at the jamb and swing inward using exposed butt hinges or concealed butt hinges and in some cases friction hinges.


Product Designation

Performance Class

mm (in) SHW-AW40 Architectural 1200 x 1800 (48 x 71)

TABLE 8.28

The following table shows class Gateway entry-level requirements for side hinged windows.

Air Leakage Test

Design Pressure Pa (lb/ft2)


Structural Test





Auxillary Tests

SHW-AW40 1920 (40) L/175 2880 (60) 390 (8.00) 300 (6.24) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.8 TABLE 8.29

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 64

FIGURE 8.17

8.8.2 Top-Hinged Windows Designation Class And Size

Top-hinged windows are hinged at the head and swing inward or outward using a continuous top hinge or individual hinges. A variation of the top hinged window is a drop-head except that the sash is hinged using two friction hinges mounted in the jambs near the head.


Product Designation

Performance Class

mm (in)

TH-C30 Commercial 1200 x 1500 (48 x 60)

TH-HC40 Heavy

Commercial 1500 x 2500 (60 x 99)

TH-AW40 Architectural 1500 x 2500 (60 x 99)

TABLE 8.30

The following table shows class Gateway entry-level requirements for top hinged windows.





Pa (lb/ft2)




Auxillary Tests

TH-C30 1440 (30) Reported 2160 (45.0) 220 (4.50) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.1, 5.3.6.3.4,

5.3.6.5.4

TH-HC40 1920 (40) L/175 2880 (60.0) 290 (6.00) 300 (6.24) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.1, 5.3.6.3.4,

5.3.6.5.4

TH-AW40 1920 (40) L/175 2880 (60.0) 390 (8.00) 300 (6.24) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.1, 5.3.6.3.4,

5.3.6.8 TABLE 8.31

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 65

FIGURE 8.18

8.9 Hinged Rescue Window The hinged rescue window is comprised of any primary window that is mounted into a stationary perimeter frame and is permanently hinged at one jamb to permit in-swinging or out-swinging at least 90 degrees. NOTE: This window designation describes a specific type of window operation used primarily in emergency escape devices for residential applications. The designation permits these operator types to be tested for air leakage, water penetration resistance, structural load and other performance requirements. Units tested to this designation have not been examined for their dimensional or operational parameters other than as specifically described below. They are used as an emergency escape device, providing they meet local code requirements regarding such devices.

Product Designation

Performance Class


HE-R15 Residential Size requirement for primary window type being tested

TABLE 8.32

The following table shows class Gateway entry-level requirements for hinged rescue windows.


Initiate Maintain

Design




Pa (lb/ft2)




Auxillary Tests

HE-R15 720 (15) Reported 1080 (22.5) 140 (2.92) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) per type per type

5.3.5, 5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.5.5, Others per

Type TABLE 8.33

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 66

FIGURE 8.19 Basement windows usually have a sash which projects inward. Any window operator type shall be permitted to be tested as a basement window provided it is intended only for use at or below grade for the purpose of ventilating a basement or cellar. Products often include a screen or a storm sash and provisions for emergency escape or rescue from the basement area.

8.10 Basement Window The purpose of this section is to provide a rating category that is consistent with code requirements for basements or cellars including ventilation and emergency rescue provisions. It is inappropriate to test a window to this section of the standard if it is intended to be installed above grade or in locations other than a basement or cellar. Windows which are designed for use above grade shall be tested according to the section of this standard appropriate for their operator type even if they are occasionally used in basements or cellars for ventilation purposes. The escape or emergency rescue provisions of basement windows are usually accomplished by removal of the sash from the frame through normal operation. The test specimen submitted must include all parts of the basement window including the secondary perimeter frame used to facilitate escape or emergency rescue if applicable.


Product Designation

Performance Class

mm (in)

BW-R15 Residential 800 x 400 (32 x 16)

BW-LC25 Light

Commercial 800 x 400 (32 x 16)

TABLE 8.34

The following table shows class Gateway entry-level requirements for basement windows.


Initiate Maintain

Design



Structural Test





Auxillary Tests

BW-R15 720 (15) Reported 1080 (22.5) 140 (2.92) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) per type per type 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1,

Others per Type BW-LC25

1200 (25) Reported 1800 (37.5) 180 (3.75) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) per type per type 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1,

Others per Type TABLE 8.35

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 67

FIGURE 8.20

8.11 Greenhouse/Garden Windows Greenhouse/garden windows are units which consist of a three-dimensional, five-sided structure, with provisions made for supporting plants and flowers in the enclosed space outside the plane of the wall. Operating sash are allowed but are not required. 8.11.1 Designation, Type And Size

Minimum gateway test size Product Designation

Performance Class Width Height Depth

GH-R15 Residential 900 (36) 900 (36) 150 (6)

TABLE 8.36 NOTE: The above minimum dimensions are excluding mounting flange(s).

The following table shows class Gateway entry-level requirements for greenhouse/garden windows.


Initiate Maintain

Design



Structural Test


Water Test




Auxillary Tests

GH-R15 720 (15) Reported 1080 (22.5) 140 (2.92) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) per type per type 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.7,

Others per Type TABLE 8.37

Hardware used on operating sash shall be the hardware appropriate to the sash type and shall comply with the hardware requirements in the hardware specification section of this document pertaining to the sash type. (For example, if the greenhouse window is tested with projected operating sash, the hardware on that sash shall meet the requirements set forth in Section 7.) 8.12 Tropical Windows These specifications shall also apply to windows with louvers of materials other than glass including, but not limited to, aluminum, wood and plastic. Each louver type or combination of louver types shall be qualified by a complete and separate conformance test.

FIGURE 8.21

8.12.1 Jalousie Windows Designation, Class And Size Jalousie windows consist of a series of overlapping, horizontal frameless louvers which pivot simultaneously in a common frame and are actuated by one or more operating devices so that the bottom edge of each louver swings outward and the top edge swings inward during operation.


Product Designation

Performance Class

mm (in)

J-R15 Residential 900 x 1200 (36 x 48)

TABLE 8.38

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 68

The following table shows class Gateway entry-level requirements for jalousie windows. Air Leakage Test




Pa (lb/ft2)




Auxillary Tests

J-R15 720 (15) Reported 1080 (22.5) 140 (2.92) 75 (1.57) 6.0 (1.2) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1 TABLE 8.39

8.12.2 Jal-Awning Windows Designation, Class And Size Jal-Awning windows consist of a multiplicity of top-hinged sash arranged in a vertical series within a common frame and each operated by its own control device which swings the bottom edges of the sash outward.


Product Designation

Performance Class

mm in

JA-R15 Residential 1400 x 1600 (56 x 63)

TABLE 8.40 The following table shows class Gateway entry-level requirements for jal-awning windows.





Pa (lb/ft2)




Auxillary Tests

JA-R15 720 (15) Reported 1080 (22.5) 140 (2.92) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1 TABLE 8.41

FIGURE 8.22

8.12.3 Tropical Awning Windows Designation, Class And Size Tropical awning windows consist of one or more top-hinged or pivoted sash operated by one control device which swings the bottom edge of the sash outward. A single control or operating device operates all sash, securely closing them at both jambs without the use of any additional manually controlled latching devices.

Product Designation

Performance Class


Single Vent Configuration

mm (in)

TA-R15 Residential 1200 x 600 (48 x 24)

TA-LC25 Light Commercial

1400 x 700 (56 x 28)

TA-C30 Commercial 1400 x 700 (56 x 28)

Multiple Vent Configuration

TA-R15 Residential 1200 x 1600 (48 x 63) TA-LC25 Light

Commercial 1400 x 2500 (56 x 99)

TA-C30 Commercial 1400 x 2500 (56 x 99)

TABLE 8.42

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 69

The following table shows class Gateway entry-level requirements for tropical awning windows. Air Leakage Test




Pa (lb/ft2)




Auxillary Tests

TA-R15 720 (15) Reported 1080 (22.5) 140 (2.92) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.1, 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1 TA-LC25 1200 (25) Reported 1800 (37.5) 180 (3.75) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.1, 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1 TA-C30 1440 (30) Reported 2160 (45.0) 220 (4.50) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.1, 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1 TABLE 8.43

FIGURE 8.23

8.13 Dual Action Windows Dual action windows consist of a sash that tilts from the top for ventilation and swings inward from the side for cleaning of the outside surface. Dual action windows are sometimes referred to as Tilt-Turn windows.


Performance Class mm (in)

DA-R15 Residential 1100 x 1500 (44 x 60)

DA-LC25 Light Commercial

1200 x 1500 (48 x 60)

DA-C30 Commercial 1200 x 1800 (48 x 71)

DA-HC40 Heavy Commercial

1500 x 2500 (60 x 99)

DA-AW40 Architectural 1500 x 2500 (60 x 99)

TABLE 8.44

The following table shows class Gateway entry level requirements for dual action windows.




Structural Test


Water Test




Auxillary Tests

DA-R15 720 (15) Reported 1080 (22.5) 140 (2.92) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.4, 5.3.6.5.2 DA-LC25 1200 (25) Reported 1800 (37.5) 180 (3.75) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.4, 5.3.6.5.2 DA-C30 1440 (30) Reported 2160 (45.0) 220 (4.50) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.4, 5.3.6.5.2

DA-HC40 1920 (40) L/175 2880 (60.0) 290 (6.00) 300 (6.24) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.1, 5.3.6.3.4,

5.3.6.5.2 DA-AW40 1920 (40) L/175 2880 (60.0) 390 (6.00) 300 (6.24) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1, 5.3.6.3.1, 5.3.6.8 TABLE 8.45

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 70

FIGURE 8.24

8.14 Skylights And Roof Windows 8.14.1 Skylights A skylight is a sloped or horizontal application of a fenestration product in an out-of-reach application, which allows for natural daylighting. Skylights shall be either fixed (non-operable) or venting (operating). Unlike roof windows, skylights need not provide provisions for cleaning of exterior surfaces from the interior of the building. 8.14.2 Roof Windows A roof window is a sloped application of a fenestration product that provides for in-reach operation or rotation of the sash to facilitate cleaning of the exterior surfaces from the interior of the building. This application can also allow for rescue situations.


Performance Class

mm (in) SK?-R15(3) RW-R15 Residential 1200 x 1200 (48 x 48)

SK?-C30(3) RW-C30 Commercial 1200 x 1200 (48 x 48)

SK?-HC40(3) RW-HC40 Heavy

Commercial 1200 x 2500 (48 x 99)

TABLE 8.46

Air Leakage Test Auxillary Tests



Negative Structural

Test Pressure (1)

Pa (lb/ft2)

Positive Structural

Test Pressure (2)

Pa (lb/ft2)

Water Test

Pressure Pa (lb/ft2) Pressure

Pa (lb/ft2) Allowance

L/s/m2 (cfm/ft2) SK?(3) RW

SK?-R15/RW-R15(3)

720 (15) Reported 1080 (22.5) 1440 (30) 140 (2.92) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.6.1 5.3.1,

5.3.6.1 SK?-C30/RW-C30(3)

1440 (30) Reported 2160 (45.0) 2880 (60) 220 (4.50) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.6.1 5.3.1,

5.3.6.1 SK?-HC40/RW-HC40(3)

1920 (40) L/175 2880 (60.0) 3840 (80) 290 (6.00) 300 (6.24) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.6.1 5.3.1,

5.3.6.1

TABLE 8.47

1) Negative structural loads are short duration loads of 10 seconds. 2) Positive structural loads are long duration loads of 60 seconds. 3) Product designations for skylights are shown for convenience as SK? but shall be either SKG for skylights glazed with glass or SKP for skylights glazed with plastic. The reference standard for Skylights and Roof Windows is AAMA/WDMA 1600/I.S. 7. The required performance characteristics for air, water and structural performance are summarized in this section. AAMA/WDMA 1600/I.S. 7 should be checked for a complete performance requirements description.

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 71

FIGURE 8.25

8.15 Side Lite Designation, Class And Size Side lites are non-operable windows that are used as companion windows installed on one or both sides of glass doors. Side lites consist of a glazed frame or a non-operable sash within a frame. For purposes of compliance with this specification, side lites shall not exceed 700 mm (27 in) in width. NOTE: The requirements for side lites in this section are different than those required for Storefront and Commercial Entrance Systems.


Product Designation

Performance Class

mm (in)

SLT-R15 Residential 400 x 2000 (16 x 79) SLT-LC25 Light

Commercial 400 x 2100 (16 x 83)

SLT-C30 Commercial 500 x 2100 (20 x 83)

TABLE 8.48

The following table shows class Gateway entry level requirements for side lites.


Deflection at Design

Pressure

Structural Test Pressure Pa (lb/ft2)




Auxillary Tests

SLT-R15 720 (15) Reported 1080 (22.5) 140 (2.86) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1 SLT-LC25 1200 (25) Reported 1800 (37.5) 180 (3.75) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1 SL-C30 1440 (30) Reported 2160 (45.0) 220 (4.50) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1 TABLE 8.49

FIGURE 8.26 8.16 Transom Designation, Class And Size Transoms are non-operable windows that are used as companion windows installed above glass doors or other windows. Transoms consist of a glazed frame or a non-operable sash within a frame. For purposes of compliance with this specification, transoms shall not exceed 700 mm (27 in) in height.

NOTE: The requirements for transoms in this section are different than those required for Storefront and Commercial Entrance Systems.


Product Designation

Performance Class

mm (in)

TR-R15 Residential 1800 x 300 (71 x 12)

TR-LC25 Light

Commercial 1800 x 400 (71 x 16)

TR-C30 Commercial 2000 x 500 (79 x 20)

TABLE 8.50

The following table shows class Gateway entry level requirements for transoms.



Structural Test Pressure Pa (lb/ft2)




Auxillary Tests

TR-R15 720 (15) Reported 1080 (22.5) 140 (2.86) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1 TR-LC25 1200 (25) Reported 1800 (37.5) 180 (3.75) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1 TR-C30 1440 (30) Reported 2160 (45.0) 220 (4.50) 75 (1.57) 1.5 (.3) 5.3.5, 5.3.6.1 TABLE 8.51

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 72

8.17 Specialty Products Specialty products are defined as primary window and door products with common frames not specified in Sections 4.2.2.1. Examples of specialty products are non-standard geometric shapes such as, but not limited to, circle tops, door ellipsoids and other non-rectangular shapes. Each specimen submitted for tests shall be a completely assembled and glazed product of standard construction in the largest size for which acceptance is sought under this standard. All material, component and hardware requirements of this standard shall be met. The test unit shall contain sash or frame of the largest dimension (width and height) for which compliance is desired. Sash or frame larger (width and/or height) than those tested do not comply.

For composite units, each unique intermediate framing member shall be tested in the longest dimension for which compliance is desired. Intermediate framing members which are longer or which are not tested do not comply. Any geometric shape that fits within the rectangular gateway or larger test sizes for a particular operator type in 4.2.2.1, providing the framing, sash, hardware, components and construction remain the same, is qualified by the rectangular shape. The tested sash size cannot be exceeded in a specialty product for any reason. (See diagrams in section 4.2.2.4 for further information.) Specialty products designation shall be SP to indicate the product rating.

9.0

GA

TE

WA

Y P

ER

FO

RM

AN

CE

RE

QU

IRE

ME

NT

S

Pro

duct

Typ

e P

rodu

ct

Des

igna

tion

M

inim

um

Tes

t Siz

e (5

) M

inim

um

Des

ign

Pre

ssur

e

Min

imum

St

ruct

ural

P

ress

ure

Min

imum

W

ater

P

ress

ure

Air

Lea

kage

Res

ista

nce

Ref

eren

ce

Sect

ion

mm

x m

m (

in x

in)

Pa (

lb/f

t2 ) Pa

(lb

/ft2 )

Pa (

lb/f

t2 ) Pa

(lb

/ft2 )

L/s

/m2 (

cfm

/ft2 )

Pg

Sect

ion

Fixe

d F

-R15

12

00 x

120

0 (4

8 x

48)

720

(15

) 10

80 (

22.5

) 14

0 (2

.86)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

52

8.

1

F-L

C25

14

00 x

140

0 (5

6 x

56)

1200

(25

) 18

00 (

37.5

) 18

0 (3

.75)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

52

8.

1

F-C

30

1500

x 1

500(

60 x

60)

14

40 (

30)

2160

(45

.0)

220

(4.5

0)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

52

8.1

F

-HC

40

1500

x 1

800

(60

x 71

) 19

20 (

40)

2880

(60

.0)

290

(6.0

0)

300

(6.2

4)

1.5

(.3)

52

8.

1

F-A

W40

15

00 x

250

0 (6

0 x

99)

1920

(40

) 28

80 (

60.0

) 39

0 (8

.00)

30

0 (6

.24)

1.

5 (.

3)

52

8.1

Hun

g –V

erti

cal S

lider

H

-R15

11

00 x

150

0 (4

4 x

60)

720

(15

) 10

80 (

22.5

) 14

0 (2

.86)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

53

8.

2.1

H

-LC

25

1100

x 1

900

(44

x 75

) 12

00 (

25)

1800

(37

.5)

180

(3.7

5)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

53

8.2.

1

H-C

30

1400

x 2

300

(56

x 91

) 14

40 (

30)

2160

(45

.0)

220

(4.5

0)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

53

8.2.

1

H-H

C40

15

00 x

250

0 (6

0 x

99)

1920

(40

) 28

80 (

60.0

) 29

0 (6

.00)

30

0 (6

.24)

1.

5 (.

3)

53

8.2.

1

H-A

W40

15

00 x

250

0 (6

0 x

99)

1920

(40

) 28

80 (

60.0

) 39

0 (8

.00)

30

0 (6

.24)

1.

5 (.

3)

53

8.2.

1 N

on-h

ung-

Ver

tica

l Sli

der

VS

-R15

11

00 x

150

0 (4

4 x

60)

720

(15

) 10

80 (

22.5

) 14

0 (2

.86)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

54

8.

2.2

V

S-L

C25

11

00 x

190

0 (4

4 x

75)

1200

(25

) 18

00 (

37.5

) 18

0 (3

.75)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

54

8.

2.2

V

S-C

30

1400

x 2

300

(56

x 91

) 14

40 (

30)

2160

(45

.0)

220

(4.5

0)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

54

8.2.

2 H

oriz

onta

l Sli

der

HS

-R15

16

00 x

110

0 (6

3 x

44)

720

(15

) 10

80 (

22.5

) 14

0 (2

.86)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

55

8.

3

HS

-LC

25

1800

x 1

400

(71

x 56

) 12

00 (

25)

1800

(37

.5)

180

(3.7

5)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

55

8.3

H

S-C

30

1800

x 1

500

(71

x 60

) 14

40 (

30)

2160

(45

.0)

220

(4.5

0)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

55

8.3

H

S-H

C40

25

00 x

200

0 (9

9 x

79)

1920

(40

) 28

80 (

60.0

) 29

0 (6

.00)

30

0 (6

.24)

1.

5 (.

3)

55

8.3

H

S-A

W40

25

00 x

200

0 (9

9 x

79)

1920

(40

) 28

80 (

60.0

) 39

0 (8

.00)

30

0 (6

.24)

1.

5 (.

3)

55

8.3

Aw

ning

, Hop

per

and

Proj

ecte

d A

P-R

15

1200

x 4

00 (

48 x

16)

72

0 (

15)

1080

(22

.5)

140

(2.8

6)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

57

8.4

A

P-L

C25

12

00 x

800

(48

x 3

2)

1200

(25

) 18

00 (

37.5

) 18

0 (3

.75)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

57

8.

4

AP

-C30

12

00 x

800

(48

x 3

2)

1440

(30

) 21

60 (

45.0

) 22

0 (4

.50)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

57

8.

4

AP

-HC

40

1500

x 8

00 (

60 x

32)

19

20 (

40)

2880

(60

.0)

290

(6.0

0)

300

(6.2

4)

1.5

(.3)

57

8.

4

AP

-AW

40

1500

x 9

00 (

60 x

36)

19

20 (

40)

2880

(60

.0)

390

(8.0

0)

300

(6.2

4)

1.5

(.3)

57

8.

4 C

asem

ent

C-R

15

600

x 15

00 (

24 x

60)

72

0 (

15)

1080

(22

.5)

140

(2.8

6)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

59

8.5

C

-LC

25

800

x 15

00 (

32 x

60)

12

00 (

25)

1800

(37

.5)

180

(3.7

5)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

59

8.5

C

-C30

80

0 x

1500

(32

x 6

0)

1440

(30

) 21

60 (

45.0

) 22

0 (4

.50)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

59

8.

5

C-H

C40

90

0 x

1500

(36

x 6

0)

1920

(40

) 28

80 (

60.0

) 29

0 (6

.00)

30

0 (6

.24)

1.

5 (.

3)

59

8.5

C

-AW

40

900

x 15

00 (

36 x

60)

19

20 (

40)

2880

(60

.0)

390

(8.0

0)

300

(6.2

4)

1.5

(.3)

59

8.

5 Sl

idin

g G

lass

Doo

rs

SGD

-R15

18

00 x

200

0 (7

1 x

79)

720

(15

) 10

80 (

22.5

) 14

0 (2

.86)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

61

8.

6.1

SG

D-L

C25

22

00 x

200

0 (8

7 x

83)

1200

(25

) 18

00 (

37.5

) 18

0 (3

.75)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

61

8.

6.1

SG

D-C

30

2400

x 2

100

(95

x 83

) 14

40 (

30)

2160

(45

.0)

220

(4.5

0)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

61

8.6.

1

SGD

-HC

40

3100

x 2

400

(123

x 9

5)

1920

(40

) 28

80 (

60.0

) 29

0 (6

.00)

30

0 (6

.24)

1.

5 (.

3)

61

8.6.

1

SGD

-AW

40

3100

x 2

400

(123

x 9

5)

1920

(40

) 28

80 (

60.0

) 39

0 (8

.00)

30

0 (6

.24)

1.

5 (.

3)

61

8.6.

1 H

inge

d G

lass

Doo

rs

HG

D-R

15

900

x 20

00 (

36 x

79)

72

0 (

15)

1080

(22

.5)

140

(2.8

6)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

63

8.6.

2

HG

D-L

C25

90

0 x

2000

(36

x 8

3)

1200

(25

) 18

00 (

37.5

) 18

0 (3

.75)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

63

8.

6.2

H

GD

-C30

10

00 x

210

0 (4

0 x

83)

1440

(30

) 21

60 (

45.0

) 22

0 (4

.50)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

63

8.

6.2

H

GD

-HC

40

1500

x 2

500

(60

x 99

) 19

20 (

40)

2880

(60

.0)

290

(6.0

0)

300

(6.2

4)

1.5

(.3)

63

8.

6.2

Dua

l Act

ion

Hin

ged

Gla

ss D

oors

D

A-H

GD

-R15

90

0 x

2000

(36

x 7

9)

720

(15

) 10

80 (

22.5

) 14

0 (2

.86)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

64

8.

6.3

D

A-H

GD

-LC

25

900

x 20

00 (

36 x

83)

12

00 (

25)

1800

(37

.5)

180

(3.7

5)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

64

8.6.

3

DA

-HG

D-C

30

1000

x 2

100

(40

x 83

) 14

40 (

30)

2160

(45

.0)

220

(4.5

0)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

64

8.6.

3

DA

-HG

D-H

C40

15

00 x

250

0 (6

0 x

99)

1920

(40

) 28

80 (

60.0

) 29

0 (6

.00)

30

0 (6

.24)

1.

5 (.

3)

64

8.6.

3 T

AB

LE

9.1

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 72

O

pera

ting

F

orce

F

orce

d E

ntry

R

esis

tanc

e T

herm

opla

stic

C

orne

r T

ests

D

egla

zing

Sa

sh/P

anel

T

ests

F

ram

e T

ests

H

ardw

are

Loa

d T

ests

Sa

fety

D

rop

Tes

t

Uni

t D

ead

Loa

d T

est

Lif

e C

ycle

T

esti

ng

5.3.

1 5.

3.5

5.3.

6.1

5.3.

6.2

5.3.

6.3.

1 5.

3.6.

3.2

5.3.

6.3.

3 5.

3.6.

3.4

5.3.

6.4.

1 5.

3.6.

4.2

5.3.

6.5.

1 5.

3.6.

5.2

5.3.

6.5.

3 5.

3.6.

5.4

5.3.

6.5.

5 5.

3.6.

6 5.

3.6.

7 5.

3.6.

8

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TA

BL

E 9

.1 C

ON

TIN

UE

D

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 73

P

rodu

ct T

ype

Pro

duct

D

esig

nati

on

Min

imum

T

est S

ize

(5)

Min

imum

D

esig

n P

ress

ure

Min

imum

St

ruct

ural

P

ress

ure

Min

imum

W

ater

P

ress

ure

Air

Lea

kage

Res

ista

nce

Ref

eren

ce

Sect

ion

mm

x m

m (

in x

in)

Pa (

lb/f

t2 ) Pa

(lb

/ft2 )

Pa (

lb/f

t2 ) Pa

(lb

/ft2 )

L/s

/m2 (

cfm

/ft2 )

Pg

Sect

ion

Side

Lit

es

SLT

-R15

40

0 x

2000

(16

x 7

9)

720

(15

) 10

80 (

22.5

) 14

0 (2

.86)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

74

8.

15

SL

T-L

C25

40

0 x

2100

(16

x 8

3)

1200

(25

) 18

00 (

37.5

) 18

0 (3

.75)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

74

8.

15

SL

T-C

30

500

x 21

00 (

20 x

83

1440

(30

) 21

60 (

45.0

) 22

0 (4

.50)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

74

8.

15

Tra

nsom

s T

R-R

15

1800

x 3

00 (

71 x

12)

72

0 (

15)

1080

(22

.5)

140

(2.8

6)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

74

8.16

TR

-LC

25

1800

x 4

00 (

71 x

16)

12

00 (

25)

1800

(37

.5)

180

(3.7

5)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

74

8.16

TR

-C30

20

00 x

500

(79

x 2

0)

1440

(30

) 21

60 (

45.0

) 22

0 (4

.50)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

74

8.

16

Ver

tica

lly

and

Hor

izon

tally

Piv

oted

H

P or

VP

-R15

11

00 x

150

0 (4

4 x

60)

720

(15

) 10

80 (

22.5

) 14

0 (2

.86)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

65

8.

7

HP

or V

P-L

C25

12

00 x

150

0 (4

8 x

60)

1200

(25

) 18

00 (

37.5

) 18

0 (3

.75)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

65

8.

7

HP

or V

P-C

30

1200

x 2

200

(48

x 87

) 14

40 (

30)

2160

(45

.0)

220

(4.5

0)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

65

8.7

H

P or

VP

-HC

40

1500

x 2

500

(60

x 99

) 19

20 (

40)

2880

(60

.0)

290

(6.0

0)

300

(6.2

4)

1.5

(.3)

65

8.

7

HP

or V

P-A

W40

15

00 x

250

0 (6

0 x

99)

1920

(40

) 28

80 (

60.0

) 39

0 (8

.00)

30

0 (6

.24)

1.

5 (.

3)

65

8.7

Side

Hin

ged

SH-A

W40

12

00 x

180

0 (4

8 x

71)

1920

(40

) 28

80 (

60.0

) 39

0 (8

.00)

30

0 (6

.24)

1.

5 (.

3)

66

8.8.

1 T

op H

inge

d T

H-C

30

1200

x 1

500

(48

x 60

) 14

40 (

30)

2160

(45

.0)

220

(4.5

0)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

67

8.8.

2

TH

-HC

40

1500

x 2

500

(60

x 99

) 19

20 (

40)

2880

(60

.0)

290

(6.0

0)

300

(6.2

4)

1.5

(.3)

67

8.

8.2

T

H-A

W40

15

00 x

250

0 (6

0 x

99)

1920

(40

) 28

80 (

60.0

) 39

0 (8

.00)

30

0 (6

.24)

1.

5 (.

3)

67

8.8.

2 H

inge

d R

escu

e H

E-R

15

Var

ies

720

(15

) 10

80 (

22.5

) 14

0 (2

.86)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

68

8.

9 B

asem

ent

BW

-R15

80

0 x

400

(32

x 16

) 72

0 (

15)

1080

(22

.5)

140

(2.8

6)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

69

8.10

BW

-LC

25

800

x 40

0 (3

2 x

16)

1200

(25

) 18

00 (

37.5

) 18

0 (3

.75)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

69

8.

10

Gre

enho

use/

Gar

den

GH

-R15

90

0 x

900

x 15

0 (3

6 x

36 x

6)

720

(15

) 10

80 (

22.5

) 14

0 (2

.86)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

70

8.

11

Jalo

usie

J-

R15

90

0 x

1200

(36

x 4

8)

720

(15

) 10

80 (

22.5

) 14

0 (2

.86)

75

(1.

57)

6.0

(1.2

) 70

8.

12.1

Jal-

awni

ng

JA-R

15

1400

x 1

600

(56

x 63

) 72

0 (

15)

1080

(22

.5)

140

(2.8

6)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

71

8.12

.2

Tro

pica

l Aw

ning

T

A-R

15

1200

x 6

00 (

48 x

24)

72

0 (

15)

1080

(22

.5)

140

(2.8

6)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

71

8.12

.3

(Sin

gle

Ven

t)

TA

-LC

25

1400

x 7

00 (

56 x

28)

12

00 (

25)

1800

(37

.5)

180

(3.7

5)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

71

8.12

.3

T

A-C

30

1400

x 7

00 (

56 x

28)

14

40 (

30)

2160

(45

.0)

220

(4.5

0)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

71

8.12

.3

Tro

pica

l Aw

ning

T

A-R

15

1200

x 1

600

(48

x 63

) 72

0 (

15)

1080

(22

.5)

140

(2.8

6)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

71

8.12

.3

(Mul

tipl

e V

ent)

T

A-L

C25

14

00 x

250

0 (5

6 x

99)

1200

(25

) 18

00 (

37.5

) 18

0 (3

.75)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

71

8.

12.3

T

A-C

30

1400

x 2

500

(56

x 99

) 14

40 (

30)

2160

(45

.0)

220

(4.5

0)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

71

8.12

.3

Dua

l Act

ion

DA

-R15

11

00 x

150

0 (4

4 x

60)

720

(15

) 10

80 (

22.5

) 14

0 (2

.86)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

72

8.

13

D

A-L

C25

12

00 x

150

0 (4

8 x

60)

1200

(25

) 18

00 (

37.5

) 18

0 (3

.75)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

72

8.

13

D

A-C

30

1200

x 1

800

(48

x 71

) 14

40 (

30)

2160

(45

.0)

220

(4.5

0)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

72

8.13

DA

-HC

40

1500

x 2

500

(60

x 99

) 19

20 (

40)

2880

(60

.0)

290

(6.0

0)

300

(6.2

4)

1.5

(.3)

72

8.

13

D

A-A

W40

15

00 x

250

0 (6

0 x

99)

1920

(40

) 28

80 (

60.0

) 39

0 (8

.00)

30

0 (6

.24)

1.

5 (.

3)

72

8.13

Sk

ylig

hts

SK

G-R

15 (

30)

1200

x 1

200

(48

x 48

) 72

0 (

15)

1080

/108

0 13

7 (2

.86)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

73

8.

14.1

(G

laze

d w

ith

Gla

ss)

SK

G-C

30 (

60)

1200

x 1

200

(48

x 48

) 14

40 (

30)

2150

/215

0 21

5 (4

.50)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

73

8.

14.1

Se

e N

ote

4 S

KG

-HC

40 (

80)

1200

x 2

500

(48

x 99

) 19

20 (

40)

2870

/287

0 29

0 (6

.00)

30

0 (6

.24)

1.

5 (.

3)

73

8.14

.1

Skyl

ight

s S

KP

-R15

(30

) 12

00 x

120

0 (4

8 x

48)

720

(15

) 21

60/1

080

137

(2.8

6)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

73

8.14

.1

(Gla

zed

wit

h Pl

asti

c)

SK

P-C

30 (

60)

1200

x 1

200

(48

x 48

) 14

40 (

30)

4310

/288

0 21

5 (4

.50)

75

(1.

57)

1.5

(.3)

73

8.

14.1

Se

e N

ote

4 S

KP

-HC

40 (

80)

1200

x 2

500

(48

x 99

) 19

20 (

40)

5750

/384

0 29

0 (6

.00)

30

0 (6

.24)

1.

5 (.

3)

73

8.14

.1

Roo

f Win

dow

s R

W-R

15 (

30)

1200

x 1

200

(48

x 48

) 72

0 (

15)

1080

(22

.5)

137

(2.8

6)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

73

8.14

.2

R

W-C

30 (

60)

1200

x 1

200

(48

x 48

) 14

40 (

30)

2160

(45

.0)

215

(4.5

0)

75 (

1.57

) 1.

5 (.

3)

73

8.14

.2

R

W-H

C40

(80

) 12

00 x

250

0 (4

8 x

99)

1920

(40

) 28

80 (

60.0

) 29

0 (6

.00)

30

0 (6

.24)

1.

5 (.

3)

73

8.14

.2

Spec

iali

ty P

rodu

cts

As

requ

ired

by

prod

uct o

pera

tor

type

. 75

8.

17

TA

BL

E 9

.1 C

ON

TIN

UE

D

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 74

O

pera

ting

F

orce

F

orce

d E

ntry

R

esis

tanc

e T

herm

opla

stic

C

orne

r T

ests

D

egla

zing

Sa

sh/P

anel

T

ests

F

ram

e T

ests

H

ardw

are

Loa

d T

ests

Sa

fety

D

rop

Tes

t

Uni

t D

ead

Loa

d T

est

Lif

e C

ycle

T

esti

ng

5.3.

1 5.

3.5

5.3.

6.1

5.3.

6.2

5.3.

6.3.

1 5.

3.6.

3.2

5.3.

6.3.

3 5.

3.6.

3.4

5.3.

6.4.

1 5.

3.6.

4.2

5.3.

6.5.

1 5.

3.6.

5.2

5.3.

6.5.

3 5.

3.6.

5.4

5.3.

6.5.

5 5.

3.6.

6 5.

3.6.

7 5.

3.6.

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As

Req

uire

d by

pro

duct

ope

rato

r ty

pe.

T

AB

LE

9.1

CO

NT

INU

ED

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 75

101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02 Page 76

100 mm (4 in)

360 mm (14 in)

Corner Test

NOTES FOR TABLE 9.1: 1) Products shall be rated for air leakage on a pass/fail basis. 2) Values in the table are for reference only. Exact

performance requirements are found in the appropriate parts of sections 5.0 and 8.0.

3) Values given above are the Gateway Entry Requirements for the Performance Class and Performance Grade (design pressure) indicated. Optional Performance Grade (design Pressure) requirements are given in section 4.2.2.5.

4) Skylight minimum structural loads are presented as positive (long duration) loads/negative (short duration) loads.

5) To determine corresponding IP units, see section 8.0.

APPENDIX APPENDIX A.1 – Thermoplastic Corner Test Method THERMOPLASTIC CORNER WELD TEST PROCEDURE, (Fusion-welded, or chemically bonded thermoplastic products only)

1. Test Procedure 1.1 The corner samples shall be of sufficient size to be accommodated in the test fixture and shall be conditioned per Procedure A of ASTM D 618, “Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials for Testing”, prior to testing. 1.2 The corner sample is to be mounted in the test fixture as indicated. 2. Gradually apply load “L” in the direction indicated until breakage of the corner occurs. This test applies only when a thermoplastic material is used as a primary structural sash or frame profile, or as a structural profile related to glazing retention and/or structural division of glazing lites within a common sash or frame. NOTE: This test can be used as a quality control test to assess the effectiveness of the corner welding or bonding process. Refer to section 5.3.6.1 for further information.

FIGURE APP 1

American Architectural Manufacturers Association Window and Door Manufacturers Association 1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550 1400 E. Touhy Ave. Suite 470 Schaumburg, IL 60173 Des Plaines, IL 60018 Phone: (847) 303-5664 Fax: (847) 303-5774 Phone: (847) 299-5200 Fax: (847) 299-1286 Web Site: www.aamanet.org Web Site: www.wdma.com Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Voluntary Performance Specification for Windows, Skylights and Glass Doors

Documents

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d configuration t

wood windows

csa a440 windows application

voluntary specifications

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general requirements

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