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Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon Optical Wireless Communication Laboratory Ben-Gurion University of the Negev International Congress of Imaging Science (ICIS) May 2014 Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 1 / 12
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Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

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Page 1: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Visible Light Communication (VLC)Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Optical Wireless Communication LaboratoryBen-Gurion University of the Negev

International Congress of Imaging Science (ICIS)May 2014

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 1 / 12

Page 2: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Challenges of VLCChallenges addressed in the presented research

Currently, there is no effectivescalable solution for big-areaapartments, conference halls,corridors and etc.

Some of the VLC challenges are:Efficient scalability with growth innumber of transmitters and/orusers“Fairness” and/or QoS betweenusers in scalable environment

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 2 / 12

Page 3: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Challenges of VLCChallenges addressed in the presented research

Currently, there is no effectivescalable solution for big-areaapartments, conference halls,corridors and etc.

Some of the VLC challenges are:Efficient scalability with growth innumber of transmitters and/orusers“Fairness” and/or QoS betweenusers in scalable environment

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 2 / 12

Page 4: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Challenges of VLCChallenges addressed in the presented research

Currently, there is no effectivescalable solution for big-areaapartments, conference halls,corridors and etc.

Some of the VLC challenges are:Efficient scalability with growth innumber of transmitters and/orusers“Fairness” and/or QoS betweenusers in scalable environment

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 2 / 12

Page 5: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Resource Allocation in VLCResource Allocation – Why is it so important?

The promising solution for thesechallenges is the resource allocation

Resource allocation may be used forImproved scalabilityImprovement of communicationperformanceQuality of service (QoS) and/orfairness between users

Spatial reuse is possible

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 3 / 12

Page 6: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Resource Allocation in VLCResource Allocation – Why is it so important?

The promising solution for thesechallenges is the resource allocation

Resource allocation may be used forImproved scalabilityImprovement of communicationperformanceQuality of service (QoS) and/orfairness between users

Spatial reuse is possible

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 3 / 12

Page 7: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Resource Allocation in VLCResource Allocation – Why is it so important?

The promising solution for thesechallenges is the resource allocation

Resource allocation may be used forImproved scalabilityImprovement of communicationperformanceQuality of service (QoS) and/orfairness between users

Spatial reuse is possible

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 3 / 12

Page 8: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Resource Allocation RequirmentsResource Allocation – General Constraints

Centralized control– Minimum communication

between transmittersReal-time re-allocation

– Reasonable allocationalgorithm complexity

Modular solution– Same hardware is used

for resource-allocatedand for conventionalcommunication

Rx

Resource Allocation

Communication Controller

Communication Data

Time-Sync

Tx

Channel State

Tx

Rx

Downlink

Uplink

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 4 / 12

Page 9: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Resource Allocation RequirmentsResource Allocation – General Constraints

Centralized control– Minimum communication

between transmittersReal-time re-allocation

– Reasonable allocationalgorithm complexity

Modular solution– Same hardware is used

for resource-allocatedand for conventionalcommunication

Rx

Resource Allocation

Communication Controller

Communication Data

Time-Sync

Tx

Channel State

Tx

Rx

Downlink

Uplink

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 4 / 12

Page 10: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Resource Allocation RequirmentsResource Allocation – General Constraints

Centralized control– Minimum communication

between transmittersReal-time re-allocation

– Reasonable allocationalgorithm complexity

Modular solution– Same hardware is used

for resource-allocatedand for conventionalcommunication

Rx

Resource Allocation

Communication Controller

Communication Data

Time-Sync

Tx

Channel State

Tx

Rx

Downlink

Uplink

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 4 / 12

Page 11: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Resource Allocation RequirmentsResource Allocation – General Constraints

Centralized control– Minimum communication

between transmittersReal-time re-allocation

– Reasonable allocationalgorithm complexity

Modular solution– Same hardware is used

for resource-allocatedand for conventionalcommunication

Rx

Resource Allocation

Communication Controller

Communication Data

Time-Sync

Tx

Channel State

Tx

Rx

Downlink

Uplink

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 4 / 12

Page 12: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Resource Allocation RequirmentsResource Allocation – Why is it so complicate?

Transmitters

Receiver

VLC constraintsSame wavelengthLine-of-sight (LOS) pathDiffuse reflectionsArbitrary transceiver location

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 5 / 12

Page 13: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Resource Allocation RequirmentsResource Allocation – Why is it so complicate?

Transmitters

Receiver

VLC constraintsSame wavelengthLine-of-sight (LOS) pathDiffuse reflectionsArbitrary transceiver location

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 5 / 12

Page 14: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Resource Allocation RequirmentsResource Allocation – Why is it so complicate?

Transmitters

Receiver

VLC constraintsSame wavelengthLine-of-sight (LOS) pathDiffuse reflectionsArbitrary transceiver location

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 5 / 12

Page 15: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Resource Allocation RequirmentsResource Allocation – Why is it so complicate?

Transmitters

Receiver

VLC constraintsSame wavelengthLine-of-sight (LOS) pathDiffuse reflectionsArbitrary transceiver location

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 5 / 12

Page 16: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Optical OFDMDC-biased Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DCO-OFDM)

DCO-OFDMIntensity modulation/direct-detectionState-of-the-art bit-rate performanceInherent multi-user (MU) capabilityHighly flexible resource allocation

M-QAM Symbols

Map S/P

IFFT

Add CP

D/A

X0

X1

XN/2-1

• • •

x0

x1

xN-1

• • •

Map P/S

x0

x1

xN-1

• •

xN-G

• • •

D/A Channel sn

S/PRemove

CPRemove

Bias

• • •

y0

y1

yN-1

FFTMap P/S

• • •

Y0

Y1

YN/2-1

ReceivedSymbols

Add DC Bias

Clipping

Linear Mapping

Noise

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 6 / 12

Page 17: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Resource Allocation – OFDMResource allocation is based on channel frequency response

Gain

Frequency

Bit-and-power allocation

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 7 / 12

Page 18: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Resource Allocation – OFDMAssignment of bit-and-power for each subchannel

Gain

Frequency

Bit-and-power allocation

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 7 / 12

Page 19: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Resource Allocation – MU OFDMTransmitter Reuse by OFDM Resource Allocation

Gain

Frequency

Reuse is possible

User I

Cross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interference

User II

User III

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 8 / 12

Page 20: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Resource Allocation – MU OFDMTransmitter Reuse by OFDM Resource Allocation

Gain

FrequencyReuse is possible

User I

Cross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interference

User II User III

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 8 / 12

Page 21: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Resource Allocation – MU OFDMTransmitter Reuse by OFDM Resource Allocation

Gain

FrequencyReuse is possible

User I

Cross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interferenceCross-interference

User II User III

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 8 / 12

Page 22: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Resource Allocation – MU OFDMResource Allocation – Why is it so complicate?

Each receiver is assigned a set of allocation parametersEach element is a set includes

Transmitter assignmentSubchannel assignment at the transmitterBit/power assignment at the subchannel

Nonlinear Integer ProgrammingNonlinear programming optimization of inter-dependentNtran ×Nrec ×Nsubc variables !

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 9 / 12

Page 23: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Resource Allocation – MU OFDMResource Allocation – Why is it so complicate?

Each receiver is assigned a set of allocation parametersEach element is a set includes

Transmitter assignmentSubchannel assignment at the transmitterBit/power assignment at the subchannel

Nonlinear Integer ProgrammingNonlinear programming optimization of inter-dependentNtran ×Nrec ×Nsubc variables !

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 9 / 12

Page 24: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Proposed Three-Step Resource Allocation AlgorithmThe proposed solution is divided into three sequential steps

1 Single transmitter allocation by the highest channel gain. Othertransmitters are either:

ReusedInterfere with other receiversHas is insignificant small gain

2 Subchannel allocation by greedy algorithmUser with the least allocated bit-rate chooses the best availablesubchannelPower is assumed equally distributed between all activesubchannels

3 Bit-and-power allocation of each transmitter independentlyWell-established algorithmsThe interference is assumed as constant

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 10 / 12

Page 25: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Proposed Three-Step Resource Allocation AlgorithmThe proposed solution is divided into three sequential steps

1 Single transmitter allocation by the highest channel gain. Othertransmitters are either:

ReusedInterfere with other receiversHas is insignificant small gain

2 Subchannel allocation by greedy algorithmUser with the least allocated bit-rate chooses the best availablesubchannelPower is assumed equally distributed between all activesubchannels

3 Bit-and-power allocation of each transmitter independentlyWell-established algorithmsThe interference is assumed as constant

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 10 / 12

Page 26: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Proposed Three-Step Resource Allocation AlgorithmThe proposed solution is divided into three sequential steps

1 Single transmitter allocation by the highest channel gain. Othertransmitters are either:

ReusedInterfere with other receiversHas is insignificant small gain

2 Subchannel allocation by greedy algorithmUser with the least allocated bit-rate chooses the best availablesubchannelPower is assumed equally distributed between all activesubchannels

3 Bit-and-power allocation of each transmitter independentlyWell-established algorithmsThe interference is assumed as constant

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 10 / 12

Page 27: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Simulation ResultsExpected ×3 gain for 80m2 room

5 m

5 m

2 m

2 m 1.5 m

7 m

7 m

2 m

2 m

2 m

1.5 m

2 m

1.5

m

(a)

(b)

(c)

9 m

9 m

2 m

2 m

2 m

1.5 m

2 m

1.5

m

2 m

2 m

M (number of receivers)

Gainover

TDMA-D

MT

[×]

5 10 15 20 25 301

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

Conf. (a)

Conf. (b)

Conf. (c)

D. Bykhovsky and S. Arnon,“Multiple-access resource allocation in visible light communication systems,”Journal of Lightwave Technology, 32(8), 1594 – 1600, 2014.

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 11 / 12

Page 28: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Summary

The scalability of VLC in large rooms can be significantly improvedThe scalability improvement is obtained by resource allocationResource allocation may be used to provide QoS/fairnessbetween users

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 12 / 12

Page 29: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Summary

The scalability of VLC in large rooms can be significantly improvedThe scalability improvement is obtained by resource allocationResource allocation may be used to provide QoS/fairnessbetween users

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 12 / 12

Page 30: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Summary

The scalability of VLC in large rooms can be significantly improvedThe scalability improvement is obtained by resource allocationResource allocation may be used to provide QoS/fairnessbetween users

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 12 / 12

Page 31: Visible Light Communication (VLC) - BGUbykhov/conf/2014-ICIS-pres.pdf · Visible Light Communication (VLC) Resource Allocation in Multi-User Environment Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon

Summary

The scalability of VLC in large rooms can be significantly improvedThe scalability improvement is obtained by resource allocationResource allocation may be used to provide QoS/fairnessbetween users

Dima Bykhovsky & Shlomi Arnon (BGU) VLC in MU Environment ICIS 2014 12 / 12