Violence prevention: how to ensure parenting support

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Violence Prevention: how to ensure parenting support?

Rosana Morgado (ESS/UFRJ/Brazil)

+A snapshot of Brazilian demography

Total area (km2): 851.4876.599

Total Population in 2010 – 190.732.694 million

Men: 93.390.532

Women: 97.342.162

+A snapshot of Brazilian demography

+Education - access

Only 23,5% children between de 0 a 3 are in nurseries schools (SE- 2013)

In 2013, 59% of our young people between 18 and 20 years had not finished secondary school (UNDP).

Youth aged 15 to 29 neither study nor work - 9.6 million-about 1 in 5 in this age group (PNAD -2012)

Inequalities and Violence

Of the 15 most unequal countries in the world Brazil is in third position. The GINI index is: 0.56 Behind: Bolivia (0.60) and South Africa (0.59) (UNDP- 2010)

In 2008 - 18, 7 million people lived on less than ¼ of minimum wage per month (= $ 25 pounds)

Of the 50 most violent cities in the world, 16 are Brazilian (NGO Seguridade Justicia y Paz 2013)

More than 30.000 people are murdered each year. This means a rate of about 25 murders per 100.000 inhabitants, which puts our country among the ten most violent on the planet.

+Violence against Women and

Children

Among 84 countries, Brazil occupies the 7th position in homicides against women with a rate of 4.6 murders per 100.000 inhabitants (in Europe the rate is 0.5 per 100.000 inhabitants) (Violence Map-2012)

A woman is killed every two hours, 12 women per day, 40% of them are between 18 and 30 years old.(Violence Map – 2012)

124 thousand reports of violence against children and adolescents. 14 cases of violence were recorded, on average, per hour last year. (National Dial Line 100, 2013)

+Laws and Policies – Children and Adolescents and Women

In 1990, the approval of the National ‘Chart of Rights of the Child and the Adolescent’ (ECA);

In 2002 - The National Plan Facing Sexual Violence against Children And Adolescents;

In 2003 - The Special National Department of Policies for Women;

The approval in 2004 of the National Plan of Policies for Women;

The approval, in 2006, of the law known as “Maria da Penha” that criminalizes domestic violence against women and created Special Courts to DV.

+ Main legal and policies frameworks of the Brazilian definition of family

According 226 article from Brazilian Constitution Family is:

"community formed by either parent and their descendants, the duties and powers shall be

exercised equally by men and women and it is the responsibility of the State to ensure assistance to the

family, creating mechanisms to suppress violence within their relationships."

+National Policy of Social Services

(PNAS,2004)

Understands family as:

"a group of people who feel united by blood, and affective ties, or solidarity." One of the PNAS

guidelines is: "the centrality of the family to design and implementation of benefits , services ,

programmes and projects”

+ PNAS - Centres

Basic Social Protection – CRAS (Reference Centres of Social Servives)

They have to offer different programmes to support vulnerable families;

They are also in charge of following up these families.

Special Social Protection - CREAS (Specialized Centres of Social Services)

CREAS receive referrals from different services and they are responsible for developing programmes to support children, adolescents and their families which had them rights violated;

CREAS programmes face high risk situation such as: youth crime, child abuse and homeless people.

+“Bolsa Família” Programme

It is a National Programme since 2003;

It is a Programme involving a conditional cash transfer;

Supports 14.1 million households, about 50 million people , or over 25 % of the population, with per capita income below USD 35 monthly;

It has three main goals: the transfer of income promotes immediate poverty relief; conditionalities strengthen access to basic social rights in the areas of education, health and social care; and actions and complementary programmes aim the development of families;

In 2013 it received the Award for Outstanding Achievement in Social Security from ISSA.

+Some Research findings about poor

families

Religious groups play important role in giving support to poor families;

Prevention Projects are carried out almost exclusively by NGOs;

There has been a marked increase in the number of families headed by women;

Although there is insuficiente support in poor communities, youth and Young people between 15 and 23 have been especially neglected.

(RIZZINI, 2007)

+The debate about families is focused on

the following aspects:

a great distance between the design of integral protection contained in the law and the reality experienced by poor families;

family responsibility and family as the only responsible – blaming families, blaming mothers;

family responsibilities and state protection;

new different family arrangements.

+ Talking about Families - more support - some Challenges

To change the focus from their failing, weaknesses and deficiences To focus on the competency and potential of the children and their families and the abilities of parents to bring up their children (Rizzini,2007) – Developing programmes to ensure them;

To desacralize family;

To incorporate a gender perspective to the analysis of family relations;

To develop public “Prevention Projects” based on “Art-Education”

To develop na efifcient network between schools, health centres and social services.

+ Challenges

To Increase the number of Services and Programmes;

To Increase the number of professionals;

To Intensify professional ongoing training;

To Improve the culture of monitoring and evaluation of policies / public programmes

To Intensify the co-ordanation beteween Services and Programmes – Developing Protocols.

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