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Summer Internship Project Reporton

Logistics Supply chain of Re-usable Plastic Crates

By

Vinod Kumar Pal

MBAM&S Class of 2013

Under the Supervision of

M/s Mamta Mohan

Assistant Professor

AMITY UNIVERSITY

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree ofMaster of Business AdministrationMarketing & Sales

at

AMITY BUSINESS SCHOOL

AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH

SECTOR 125, NOIDA - 201303, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

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DECLARATION

Title of Project Report LOGISTICS SUPPLY CHAIN OF RE-USABLE PLASTIC

CRATES

I declare

(a)That the work presented for assessment in this Summer Internship Report is my own, that

it has not previously been presented for another assessment and that my debts (for words,

data, arguments and ideas) have been appropriately acknowledged

(b)That the work conforms to the guidelines for presentation and style set out in the relevant

documentation.

Date : 15/07/12

Vinod Kumar Pal ,

Enrollment no- A0102211049 ,MBAM&S ,Class of 2013

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CERTIFICATE

I Mr. Mamta Mohan hereby certificate vinod kumar pal student of Masters of Business

AdministrationM&S at Amity Business School, Amity University Uttar Pradesh has

completed the Project Report on : logisticssupply chain of re-usable plastic crates , under

my guidance.

Mr. Mamta Mohan

Assistant Professor

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Table of contents

Chapter 1: Introduction

Purpose of the Study

Context of the Study

Significance of the Study

Theoretical Framework

Definitions

Summary

Chapter 2: Review of the Literature

Chapter 3: Research Methods and Procedures

Purpose of the Study

Research Design

Research Questions

Participants

Data Collection

Instruments used

Pilot Study

Procedures

Data Analysis

Limitations

Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Findings

Review of MethodologyResults of Research Questions

Summary of the Findings

Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendation

Summary of Findings

Discussion of Research Question

Recommendations

Limitations

Implications for Practice

Implications for future researchAnnexure :

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Chapter -1

Introduction

Introduction

This chapter describes the problem background of the current situation, the problem

description and the purpose of the thesis, the research questions that will be the main

guideline for the structure of this report and the scope of the thesis.

.1. Problem Background

The problem background disccusess about the importance and scope of using theplastic crates in reverse logistics in shriram pistons & rings ltd ,Ghaziabad ,which is a

autoancillary or parts making company ,having its major clients in india as well as

in forign countries too ,which rely on shriram pistons for delivery of auto parts like

pistons ,rings ,engine valves etc, for their prime functioning for making auto products

like bike ,cars and other auto products too ,like as tractors .

The problem inusing plastic crates for delivery of products is that sometimes the autoparts do get broken during transportation ,when heavily loaded and pallet packing is

not used .

Purpose of the study

Purpose:

To study the supply chain of re-usable plastic crates for transportation of variousoriginal equipment manufactured products in the industry.

To find the scope of existing use of plastic crates in the current market trends for thesupply chain management of using plastics crates for delivery of various industryproducts .

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Context of the study :

SHRIRAM PISTONS & RINGS LTD

COMPANY PROFILE

Shriram pistons &rings ltd (sprl)is one of the largest and most sophisticated manufacturers of

precision automobiles components i.e.pistons,piston rings and engine valves in india .the

products are sold under brand name usha/spr in the markets .

Sprl manufacturing unit is located at merrut road in Ghaziabad (25km from delhi).the planthas been recognized as one of the most modern and sophisticated plants in north india in the

field of automobiles .

The production capacity of the plant is as under :

Piston: 17.06million per year - actual production in 2011-12

Pins : 14.9million per year -actual production in 2011-12.

Rings : 76.5million per year -actual production in 2011-12.

Engine valves :33.8million per yearactual production in 2011-12.

The company has technical collaboration with :

I .m/s kolbenschmidt ,germany to produce pistons .

II.m/s riken corporation ,japan for piston rings .

III.m/s fuji Oozx ,japan for the manufacture of engine valves .

IV.m/s Honda foundry ,japan for technical support .

The company supplies its products to several original equipment manufacturers (oem,s) like

ashok Leyland ,tata Cummins ,tata motors ,maruti Suzuki ,Mahindra &Mahindra ,tata tractors

,sml swaraj,kirloskar oil engines ,bajaj auto ,Honda siel cars ,sundaram claylon,Honda

scooter ,international tractors ,standard combine in addition to all the Honda joint ventures in

india .sprl is also supplying its products to international oem,s like rennault,Nissan,ford

&riken etc.

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At shriram pistons &rings ltd. Quality is an integral part of whatever we do,which is reflected

in the company ,s quality policy.

Total customer satisfaction through quality management and continuous Improvement

Quality objectives :

1.organisation which is sensitive and interactive to the needs of the customer .

2.continuous upgrading of quality and process to meet changing needs of the customer .

3.optimization of return on investment by-

Continuous improvement . Technology development . Organizational & personal development . Cost reduction efforts . Effective use of all resources . Harmonious and safe working conditions

4.work to international norms of quality and management .

The company has successfully practiced the best work ethics and technology along with the

tpm &kaizen approach and harmony through teamwork.

5.Achievement in terms of quality :

Spr received the iso -9001 certificate from rwtuv ,germany in 1994.technology fromthe collaborators was supplemented with Inhouse efforts and by implementing

world class practices .

The company received QS-9000 certificate from tuv,germanyin the year 1999. The company received ISO-14001certificate in the year 2001.

Spr received the TS-16949 certificate in the year 2003. The company received OHSAS-18001 certrificate in the year 2003. Best foundry awards from institute of Indian foundry men in the year 2003. Green rating award by CII ,u.p. pollution board &world bank in 2004. The company received TPM excellence award in the year 2004. Received diamond awardoverall best performance in QCDDM,outstanding

performance in cost ,bronze award for delivery ,gold award for 5sfrom Honda siel

cars (I)ltd in 2006.

Received overall achievement trophy from Maruti Suzuki in 2008-09.

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Received best exporter award from FIEO-federation of Indian export organization in2009-10.

Received trophy from EEPC- STAR PERFORMANCE IN PRODUCT GROUP OFENGINES ,TURBINES &PARTS in recognition of outstanding contributon toengineering exports during the year 2007-08.

Iso /ts 16949:2009 -achieved for spr-unitII ghaziabad . Iso /ts 16949:2010- achieved for sprunit v pune

Significance of the study :

The context of study provides laying importance of plastic crates in recent trends inautomobile industry .

From this study the company can analyse the situation of current trends andcomfortability of using the plastic crates in auto parts for transfers .

Definitions :

Pistons :

A piston is a component ofreciprocating engines, reciprocatingpumps,gas

compressorsandpneumatic cylinders, among other similar mechanisms. It is the moving

component that is contained by acylinderand is made gas-tight bypiston rings. In an engine,

its purpose is to transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to thecrankshaftvia

apiston rodand/orconnecting rod. In a pump, the function is reversed and force is

transferred from the crankshaft to the piston for the purpose of compressing or ejecting

thefluidin the cylinder. In some engines, the piston also acts as avalveby covering and

uncoveringportsin the cylinder wall.

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Rings:

A tire consisting of a rubber ring around the rim of an automobile wheel

Pins :

A pin is a device used for fastening objects or material together. It is usually made ofsteel, or

on occasioncopperorbrass. It is formed by drawing out a thinwire, sharpening the tip, and

adding a head.Nailsare related, but are typically larger. In machines and engineering, pins

are commonly used as pivots, hinges, shafts, jigs, and fixtures to locate or hold parts.

EV :

ains to valves or systems that control the flow of gases or fluids within an engine,

particularly:

steam to and from the cylinder(s) of asteam engine the fuel-air mixtures to, or exhaust gases from,internal combustion engines

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Summary :

The company named Shriram Pistons & Rings ltd has been the pioneer in

manufacturing pistons & rings and many more other products , having its plants inGhaziabad city , as well as in Rajasthan too. As it uses plastics crates in most of its

itiems as per required number by the industry , so I were supposed to study its real

importance of plastic crates delivery satisfaction rate among its clients especially for

maruti Suzuki .

For doing this study , I used descriptive research strategy in which I conducted a

questionnaire which have to be filled by maruti Suzuki employees an other staffs

members . the results and drawings were to be same as per as research results and

findings .

Company operations workings :

Conclusions and findings

Shriram pistons &rings ltd

General working :

Regional office ------ head office -----marketing department ---- sales

plan execution &report ---ppc (production planning &control)----

production plan ready .

Production plan department circulates information including

management to all departments .(according to capacity of a department ).

Metal manufacturing is done by various department as per plan

execution by p.p.c (production planning &control).

Process- manufacturing ---- finished goods produced ----- packing ----

credit to sales coordination (for final packing &unitization )----final

dispatch from the company .

Bsr: - (bonded store room)- conclusion of ppc plans list according toproducts by various departments .

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Rg1 : production &despatch accredition as per as rules by centralgovernment .

1.it involves stock register .which involves mention of quanity of goods

despatch ,open stock,closing stock .

2.it also involves invoiceswhich includes bills payment ,sales todifferent organization etc,order payment .

Key learnings :

Purchase department

Different department manufacturing &primary packing is done as per as

ppc

secondary packing includes bsr stocking

RG1: DESPATCH ACCREDITION

Stock register which involves invoices,bills ,sales etc.)

Besides all this, the sales coordination department also has : Ultrasonic welding machine Tin container seaming welding machine Pin area Pack material area Box folding area Piston packaging plant .

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Plastic crates logistics-

Verification of pistons as per as pistons plant manufacturing department . Quantity of pistons transferred and their final transfer of packing process in line 1

,line 2 ,line 3.as per as customer demands .

i.e. as per as industry demands ,packing is done .suppose maruti demands

pistons fully transparently packed pistons in plastic crates ,so it wpould be

done accordingly ,(and not in boxes or pallets).

1.auditing of pins . 2.preauditing and post auditing of pins as per as industry demand .

Process for packing in pistons department :

Pins & rings

circulation in tin

container seaming

machine

Wrapping

(polycoated)

Labelling ( coupons

attached )

BajajmodelxcdOiling with solution

welding machineFinal despatchfrom

pistons department

Process for packing in pistons department

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Rings department workings

Types of crates : their colour and their model

Model colour

p-17ehro - blue (small)

m-8w - blue(small)

p-70 - blue(small)

mf&d - blue(small)

k12b a star - blue(small)

k10b maruti alto - blue(small)

m-esteem - blue(small)

h2ps - green

h2ap - green

krm - green

h2cm - brown

tep secondary railing spacing

A plastic crate has total 6 sets .

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1. 600 tep(horse power )-600 sets2. 600 secondary -600 sets3. 1200 railing - 600 sets4. 600 space rings -600sets

Oem,soriginal equipment manufacturing .

Oes,s- original equipment spares (parts of automobiles )

Process of dispatching of steel rings

Manufactured Steelrings Godowns

Sales coordination

Final despatch

Process of despatching of steel rings

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Oil rings (3rd

ring )

It consists of rail and rpheres.

It consists of dying ring (m-type)

It also consists of :

1. Light in not2. Speed if high require .3. Petrol engine .

Conclusions from my own side :

There should be increased visual inspection of steel rings . a/b shift should be there for steel ring s working s plant , so that

workers and employees feel comfortable in working and there

will be less chance of mistake in quality .

Purchase Department Workings

Inventory management:

90 % of plastic crates is supplied by purchase department to steel ring plant . 10% of plastic crates is kept as closing stock ,for future sku,s (stock keeping

unit).

Reasons for inventory form :

1. Due to recession proof working .2. Due to sku,s (stock keeping unit)

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Conclusions :

As if recession occurs , so buying capacity of the purchase department

is lowered as interest rate is increased ,which can lead to failure of

increased profits of the company .

Pin plant

Small pin plant :

Hero honda pin gn-

5,/p-17

Godown

Sales coordination (for

final despatch)

Small pin plant

Factory

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Small pin process of packing :

Finished grinder

machine

Final packing

Small pins are grinded

Cleaning of pins

Visual inspection

Visual inspection 2 for

diameter checking of

pins

Small pins process of packing

For despatching :

If delivery has to be separated from pistons ,it has to be supplied in

plastic crates /boxes as per as industry demands .

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Big pins department :

Cleaning of pins

Finished grinder

machine of small pins

Visual inspection

Visual inspection 2

,for diameter size

checking of pins

Stamp marking on

face of pins naming

usha

Big pins department

Polycoated packing

paper on pins forprimary packing

Secondary packing

(stickers named

usha

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

PLASTIC CRATES FOR OPEN PACKING FOR INDUSTRY USE . BOXES (PRIM. &SEC. (USHA)

SALES COORDINATION .

ENGINE VALVES PLANT

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ACCORDING TO CUSTOMER DEMAND ,PACKING IS DONE.

1. Using plastic crates .2. Using cardboard boxes .

CRI packing of engine valves

CRI packing (valve is

sent from CRI to

packing )

Oiling of valves

Customer demand

segmentation as per as

industry demand

Credit to godown

CRIpacking of Engine Valves

Customer

Types of packing

1.oem packing : it refers to original equipment packing ,say maruti Suzuki ,Suzuki

diesel ,Suzuki power train ltd (manesar)

-100v

-100exhaust

Final boxing

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: involves labelling of customer on boxes label (eg . maruti ) Tapping followed by polyethene binding on plastic crates .

Ready for depatch

Trade packing

Cylinder wise packing :

1.cylinder (bike) - Mahindra

2.cylinder (tractor - jetter125

3.cylinder(car,tractor) - maruti -800

4.cylinder (car,tractor) - tata407

5.cylinder (car,tractor) - tractor ,etc

Plan according to marketing department

According to customer demands ,we also have a file for it named ECSMeaning export codification sheet .

As per as ECS plan ,paper sheet required for export is being used according toplan executed by marketing department ,

And finally packing & other procedures are followed .(kirloskar ev -1 modelfor Egypt

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Procedures for packing

Box sealing through

sealing machine

Hologramming on

boxes (part wise

labelling )

Final despatch

1 boxes involves :

2 valves

2 cups

4 collets

2 springs

Procedure for packing

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CHAPTER 3 :

Research methods and procedures

Purpose of the study :

To study the supply chain of re-usable plastic crates for transportation of variousoriginal equipment manufactured products in the industry. To find the scope of existing use of plastic crates in the current market trends for the

supply chain management of using plastics crates for delivery of various industryproducts .

Research design

TYPES OF RESEARCH

On the basis of fundamental objectives of the research, marketing research projects are

classified into two branches:

Exploratory Research Conclusive Research

Exploratory Research:

Exploratory research is conducted when one is seeking insights into the general nature of a

situation, the possible decision alternatives, and the relevant variables that need to be

considered. While conducting our study we used exploratory research, which was flexible

and was aimed at identifying all the attributes a customer might look at the ambience &

Quality for deciding to buy auto parts from a company like shriram pistons & rings ltd . We

have taken a review of the thoughts of the people about ambience and screened some issues

which we as researchers felt needed more clarification or study. These specific topics were

then taken to a focus group. The focus groups were indented to reveal some of the issues

which can influence consumer behavior about the product when he is seeing the

advertisement.

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

We used descriptive research technique in our project.

SAMPLING TYPEThe type of sampling used was non probabilistic convenience sampling.

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SAMPLE SIZE

The sample size used for the analysis is 50

DATA USED FOR ANALYSIS

Primary Data : Collected by the means of questionnaires

Secondary Data : Already existing data is called secondary data. We collected them byfollowing method

Internet Books Newspapers

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

Structured questionnaires comprising of close ended questions were used as research

instruments. The method adopted for developing the above mentioned questionnaires

followed the following sequential order:

1. Determining the objective of the project and specific data to be sought.

2. Determining the process of interviewing.

3. Scrutinizing the question content.

4. Setting the response format.

QUESTIONNAIRES

We did a descriptive analysis by constructing a well structured questionnaire and collected

the primary data. We personally went to the respondents and requested them to provide us

with the details for filling the questionnaire.

FEATURES OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE

Well structured Closed ended and open ended questions Dichotomous, branching questions also used Likert scaling used in a few questions

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In this case study , I have done exploratory research in order to know basically what is the

exact problem in using the plastic crates for supply chain for auto parts like pins, pistons

,rings ,etc.

Moreover for conducting the research for authentification and findings I have used

descriptive research method in which I used questionnaires , based upon derived problem

from qualitative research .the person used for this fulfillment of questionnaire were industry

related people only.

Research questions

Shriram Pistons &Rings ltd

Logistics supply chain of reusable plastic crates

To various auto -vendors in market

Q1. What is your say about quality management and supply chain of plastic crates to you

from shriram pistons ?

1.very good

2.fine

3.poor

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 2 3

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Results :

As from the graph indicated ,we can easily see that it shows that most of therespondents from the company do agree and say fine ,while some of the respondents

do say that it offers good one about quality management of plastic crates supply chain

management of auto parts .

Q2.Are plastic crates are more comfortable and advantageous as compared to other

packing process involved in transportation of packed equipments ?

1.yes

2.no

3.largely comfortable

Results :

1

2

3

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Looking at the graph , we can easily conclude that company respondents do agree thatplastic crates are of more usable itiem in delivering of goods for handling as well as

for transportation too.

While ,nearly 42% of the respondents also say that it is of no such use as compared toother packing materials like boxes etc.

Q3. Are open (polythene)ended plastic crates portable for pins and steel rings as comparedto closed plastic crates ?

1.only for weighted equipments .

2.can be transferred freely in open ended too.

3.not possible .

Results :

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

1

2

3

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As seen from the graph, it,s very enmitable seen that most of the respondents do agreethat open ended polythene ended plastic crates are of more use as compared to closed

one for scm ,

Becauseit,s costs less labour force to receive the goods from the company ,

Moreover it doesnot weigh much and goods donot break also during handling &otherpurposes .

Q4.Is there a need for modified type of plastic crates for transportation of various

equipments like for pins ,pistons ,rings ,engine valves ?

1.no.

2.yes

3.Depends

Results :

1

2

3

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Recordings from the findings conclude that more than 70% of the respondents fromthe maruti think that there must be varieties of plastic crates for fulfilling the

demands of goods handling as it differs from goods to goods .

Suppose it might be good that MT bin -25 is used for pins only .

Q5. Is there a need for washing of plastic crates for recycling of crates in logistics of pistons

& rings ,and engine valves ,along with pins ?

1.only required for engine valves (as oiling makes it greasable)

2.not required .

3.largely requires washing of all plastic crates

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 2 3

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Results :

From the graph and final recordings , it,s clear that most of the respondents in marutithinks that cleaning of the plastic crates is being required in only in engine valves

While some think that it can be applied to all also , but finally saying from theresearch design , it looks that engine valves plastic rates should be thoroughly

washed .

Q6. Is detergent washing required in cleaning of reusable plastic rates or hard boiled water

washing is more preferable ?

1. Detergent washing .2. Hard boiled water .3. If else ,please suggest ..

Results :

Looking at the graph, it is clearly stated that cleaning through the hard boiled waterfor all of the plastic crates is considered most desirable apart from others .

So that oiling doesnot make it greasy and dustable and would prone to hazards .

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

1

2

3

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Q7.what do you think why plastic crates are not still not used in automobile industries for

supply chain of automobile parts ?

1.They cost expensive .

2.Are not readily available .

3.Difficult to change old practices .

Results :

From the graph on a scale of 50 respondents , it looks that nearly 60 %of therespondents from company thinks that plastic crates are not readily available than

compared to cost etc.

As there are less no. of buyers of plastic rates in bulk , so it ,s difficult to get it easily.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1 2 3

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Q8. Do auto parts which are supplied through logistics by shriram pistons are being

continuously supplied properly or do they get broken during transportation /handling of parts

?

1.yes

2.no.

3.unpredictable .

Results :

From the table below , it,s clear that readily shriram pistons is almost have satisfiedit,s customer for transportation of its auto parts .

0

5

10

15

20

25

1 2 3

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Q9 Do reusable shipping containers has widely helped automobile industry in just in time

delivery ?why ?

1.yes

2. no.

3. if greatly ,why?

Results :

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1 2 3

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From the given table findings , its very clear that shriram pistons &rings ltd has beenbestowed with blessing s by using reusable plastic containers

The reason lies behind it is that just in time delivery is that the buyers are near ncrand moreover they require less no of goods as compared to large ones .

Q10. Have plastic crates in supply chain of auto parts have really been cost reducing as well

as labour reductant ? please rate ?

1.very efficient

2. less efficient

3.mediocre

Results :

0 5 10 15 20 25

1

2

3

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Have been asked from the respondents about the efficiency of plastic crates inreducing costs concerned to labour as well as other as labour reductant too

The results declares that it has just has been mediocre while near to it almost 78%ofpeople think that it has been quite efficient in managing of this things .

Q11. Is bulk packaging done good in plastic crates have been efficient and really helped the

industry in receiving piles of auto parts like pistons ?

1. Very good2. Fine3. Not much

Results :

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 2 3

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Having asked to no of respondents about bulk of packing received per crates arelarger as well as safer for transportation , the results lies in that it has widely helped

the automobile industry.

Q12. What would you say about reducing packaging layers and extra weighing for

transportation of auto parts ,and thus reducing costs as well as increasing margins ?

1.very profitable .

2.hardly profitable .

3. not a issue .

1

2

3

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Results :

As expected about that it might be profitable through plastic crates to reduceweighting by reducoing packing layers , but industry respondents do not believe that

it has widely helped yet .

Q13. Do you agree that reusable plastic containers too have helped in economic benefits and

waste disposal and thus making environment pollution free ?

1.yes

2.no .

3. much helped and is increasing

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

1

2

3

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Results :

From the above table, it,s very clear that everybody in the industry people believethat plastic crates have been able to reduce pollution and helped in economic benefitstoo.

Q14. Have finally shriram pistons &rings ltd have been contionously been focusing upon itsresearch methodology to meet its customer demands ?

1. Improved highly2. Less improved3. Improved ,but still needs to improve

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Results :

As concerned over its R&D, shriram pistons &rings ltd has been stated that it hasimproved its technology over years , but still needs to work upon

Participant s:

The respondents involved in focus group discussion and depth interview were autodealers .

They were asked some specific set of questionnaires based upon the qualitymanagement and specificity of plastic crates in supply chain management for

transfers of ownership of goods .

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 2 3

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Data collection :

The data collected in conducting this research was both primary as well as secondarydata from the company own website as well as from different research papers .

The primary data includes finding the problem for reusable plastic containerstransportation and feedback by conducting a market research through questionnaireasked to various respondents of auto dealers in Ghaziabad .

The secondary data includes various raw data accomplished on company, s ownwebsite as well as some other websites related to rpc,s logistics .

Instruments used :

The instruments used in conducting the market research was based upon the findingsanalysed on conducting a questionnaire and finally drawing inferences from the

above objectives .

I used spss software for tabulating the analysis of the findings involved inconducting the market research and depth interview .

Procedures :

The procedures involved in conducting the market research for estimating thefindings were

Firstly , To identify the related problem for the plastic crates for disapprovalfor transportation of ownership of goods in some companies .

Moreover , To find the importance and feasibility of plastic crates in supply

chain of plastic crates for various auto spares parts .

Secondly , based upon the problem identification , construct an questionnairefor taking the feedback from auto dealers .

Thirdly , Draw the inferences based upon the results on performedquestionnaires .

Fourthly ,using spss, construct graphs /pie chart for depicting the final resultsand outcomes in a proper way for tabulation in picture view .

Fifthly, draw conclusions and recommendations for findings .

Limitations :

The limitation in conducting the research was based upon only on auto dealers only,so it might differ also by other vendors .

Most of the company do prefer plastics crates for logistics of goods , but feel littleunsecured about the protection of their receiving of goods in plastic crates .

Some of the respondents from auto dealers conferred about decomposition of wasteplastic crates during transportation .

Moreover some feel uncertain about using plastic crates for using in all of auto sparesparts .

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Chapter 4:

Data analysis and findings :

From the data analysis of reusable plastic crates , followings have been analysed that : Re-usable plastic crates have widely helped in cutting down the costs

associated with transportation and handling of plastic crates .

It has widely helped in fulfilling the demands of customer by offering autospares parts to auto dealers as well as to auto companies .

Reusable plastic crates is less costly as compared to other packing boxes aswell as hard piled containers .

The most important findings among all is that it has helped in just in timedelivery ,

The reason behind it lies in that :

Due to shorter distance and near by customer i..e.. ncr , it,s easy for shriram

pistons &rings ltd to easily transfer its goods over roads by this method.

Plastic crates have been widely used for bulk packing too . The reason behind it lies in that the storing capacity with automatic

adjustment to large goods in bulk capacity.

Moreover it doesnot require extra coverings for packing so it reduces costsin weighing .

Finally I would conclude that by using plastic crates in auto industry likeshriram pistons &rings ltd ,

A company can not only reduce and cut down its costs , but can improve its transportation

handling a well as help in meeting its desired customers for their on demand transports

Review of methodology :

Methodology

To achieve the above research objectives, this study first conducted a comprehensive review

of existing literature both to build up academic foundations for the research as well as to

review the current state of practices and problems in the plastic recycling supply chain

In this chapter, descriptions of the performed activities for data collection and for better

comprehension of the problem are presented. Different data collection techniques and

analysis

tools were applied in order to obtain a better understanding of the present situation of

companies using returnable plastic boxes. The main activities for this study are presented and

the level of detail will hopefully be interesting enough for the reader.

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Summary of the findings :

From the all above results and findings , we can easily say that besides some

disadvantages in using plastic rates in auto parts transportation , it,s still very

innovative as well as profit making in a lieu of meeting the customer demands too .

Re-usable plastic crates have widely helped in cutting down the costsassociated with transportation and handling of plastic crates .

It has widely helped in fulfilling the demands of customer by offering autospares parts to auto dealers as well as to auto companies .

Reusable plastic crates is less costly as compared to other packing boxes aswell as hard piled containers .

The most important findings among all is that it has helped in just in timedelivery ,

The reason behind it lies in that :

Due to shorter distance and near by customer i..e.. ncr , it,s easy for shriram

pistons &rings ltd to easily transfer its goods over roads by this method.

Plastic crates have been widely used for bulk packing too . The reason behind it lies in that the storing capacity with automatic

adjustment to large goods in bulk capacity.

Moreover it doesnot require extra coverings for packing so it reduces costsin weighing .

Chapter 5 :

Conclusions and recommendations :

Summary of findings :

Conclusions By eliminating the unnecessary washing of returnable plastic boxes, related activities

to the washing process itself could be reduced, performing them only when really

considered necessary instead of systematically. Nevertheless, there is a potential

possibility that new activities like manual sorting of clean and dirty boxes might occur

and the involved cost, quality and required time to perform each new activity will

depend on the specific activity set-up and degree of implementation.

In pool systems where different type of packages are used, terminals between someusers have been identified as consolidating points from where to cover the varying

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demand of different packages, including the potential possibility of increasing the fill

rate of the dispatch shipments from these terminals.

dimensions of the returnable plastic boxes, are key factors that determine the relative

definition of the level of cleanliness that a user may assign to a plastic box, as theelements that may get attached to the boxes during its use and the components being

carried, affect the external appearance of the boxes.

To offer the same type of services to different customers does not guarantycustomers satisfaction. Even if the type of service has been intended to satisfy the

customer with the highest exigencies, this level of quality might not be appreciated if

it carries a major cost with it.

Discussion of research question :

1. The type of questions asked by us were of multivariante type question involving 3options regarding use of plastic crates in supply chain management of shriram pistons

.

2. The questionnaires were filled by auto dealers as respondents .3. Some of the questionnaires were involving some questions regarding quality

management by shriram pistons &rings ltd for its products &services .

4. Sample size for conducting research was taken 50 and was conducted in the marketdealers .

Recommendations :

Some of the recommendations which company should focus upon is : The company should work upon the cleaning of plastic crates after supplying to its

customers like Honda siel etc.

The company should also focus upon the unitization process involved in packingprocess for delivery in plastic crates ,because there are some auto parts like pins ,

rings which may be easily broken during the transportation .

One more issue regarding this is that the company should use small trucks fortransportation so that they are easily and safely transferred to warehouses of the

concerned company in just in time delivery .

Another aspect for improvement in logistics supply chain of plastic crates Is thatcompany should deal with ncr companies ,and with Rajasthan companies because ithas a plant near it also.

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Limitations :

There are some limitation again though following all the recommendationssuch as :

The plastic crates can be subject to crushing during transportation . The buying of plastic crates is very competitive ,as there are no. of

companies who imparts this plastic crates ,out of which some offer local ones

in name of top companies .

The plastic crates are not subject to complete combustion so it,s not easy fordecomposition of plastic crates after they are broken.

Implications for practice :

1. The company should have day shift for logistics working regarding handling ,inventory management ,so that there is less chance of mistakes .

2. The plastic crates should be of good quality ,marketing department , should beconcerned for this , as , shriram pistons &rings ltd has plastic crates for all

3. departments logistics should be followed .for each plant

Implications for future research :

1. The company must work upon its R&D for improving the auto parts like pistonsshould have fine grooving .

2. The company can also go for buying good plastic crates from foreign too . , if goodquality plastic crates are not available in india .

3. The company can buy nilkamal plastic crates which is quite good for reverse logisticsof plastic crates .

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Bibliography :

AEAT (2006), Contractual arrangements between local authorities and MRF operators,

final

Report for Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP), AEAT.

Anatas, P.T. and Lankey, R.L. (2000), Life cycle assessment and green chemistry: the

yin and

Yang of industrial ecology, Green Chemistry, 2, 289-295.

Arena, U., Mastellone, M.L., and Perugini, F. (2003a), The environmental performanceof

Alternative solid waste management options: a life cycle assessment, Chemical

Engineering