Top Banner

of 62

Vineyard Establishment

Apr 08, 2018

Download

Documents

Zoran Beslic
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    1/62

    Vineyard Site PreparationVineyard Site Preparation

    Planting &Planting &

    Trellis SystemsTrellis Systems

    Dr. Paul DomotoDept. of Horticulture

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    2/62

    Vineyard Site PreparationVineyard Site Preparation

    Determine if the site is suitable for a vineyard. Climate

    Topography

    SoilsOne year in advance to planting: Test the soil for pH, P, K, Mg, Zn and O.M.

    Amend the soil as needed for pH, P, K, Mg, & Zn.

    Correct any internal drainage problems. Begin planning the vineyard layout.

    Order your vines.

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    3/62

    Cultivar SelectionCultivar Selection Adaptation to your climatic conditions.

    Intended Use (Market):

    - Fresh

    - Juice / Jam / Jelly

    - Wine

    Sell to a winery Establish your own winery

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    4/62

    Cultivar Selection for WineCultivar Selection for Wine

    Sell to a Winery: What adapted cultivars do

    the wineries want?

    - Proven cultivar

    - New cultivar

    How much do they want? Are they willing to develop

    a long-term contract?

    Establish a Winery: What do customers want? What adapted cultivars

    make quality wine? What styles of wine do I

    want to make? How much risk am I

    willing to take?

    - Cultivar adaptation- New cultivars

    Develop a sound business / marketing plan before planting!

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    5/62

    Vineyard LayoutVineyard Layout

    Row Spacing:

    9 to 12 feet (depends on equipment size)

    Vine Spacing within Rows:

    6 to 8 feet (depends on vine vigor) Number of Vines per Acre:

    6 x 9 = 807 7 x 9 = 691 8 x 9 = 605

    6 x 10 = 726 7 x 10 = 622 8 x 10 = 5458 x 10 = 545

    6 x 12 = 605 7 x 12 = 518 8 x 12 = 454

    Direction of Rows

    North / South Preferred

    Across Slope or Contoured

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    6/62

    Planting on a ContourPlanting on a Contour

    Straight rows are preferred for stretching wire, but rowscan be planted on a contour if the sharpness of the curvedoes not exceed 5 degrees per 30 ft of span. Pivot posts

    should be at least 4 dia. x 9 and driven 3 deep.

    5o

    A plywood template can be made to gauge a 5 degree curve.

    8

    8.25

    Pivot Post

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    7/62

    Shape of the FieldShape of the Field

    N

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    8/62

    0

    25

    50

    75

    100

    125

    150

    175

    200

    225

    250

    3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

    # of Line Post per Row

    #ofPostper

    Acre

    Line @ 21 ft

    Line @ 24 ft

    Line @ 28 ft

    End @ 21 ft

    End @ 24 ft

    End @ 28 ft

    Number of Post per AcreNumber of Post per Acre

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    9/62

    Cost of Trellis Posts per AcreCost of Trellis Posts per Acre

    800

    1000

    1200

    1400

    1600

    1800

    2000

    2200

    2400

    3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

    # of Line Post per Row

    Dollars

    Line @ 21 ft

    Line @ 24 ft

    Line @ 28 ft

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    10/62

    Vineyard Site PreparationVineyard Site Preparation

    A Year in advance of planting: Determine if the soil is suitable for grapes. Order vines.

    Fall in advance of planting:

    Kill problem perennial weeds. Amend the soil as needed. Subsoil if needed.

    Soil needs to be dry. Should be done in two directions, diagonal to each other.

    Seed the field to establish an erosion-controlling sod.Winter in advance of planting: Determine final vineyard layout. Order trellis materials for spring delivery.

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    11/62

    Vineyard Site PreparationVineyard Site Preparation

    Spring of planting:

    Layout the vineyard.

    Square the field.

    Mark the location of the rows.

    Kill out sod strips for the vine rows.

    Mark the location for the vines.

    Plant the vines.

    With an auger. With a tree planter.

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    12/62

    Vineyard LayoutVineyard Layout

    A B

    C

    40

    30

    50

    33--44--5 Right Triangle Rule5 Right Triangle Rule

    Edge of Field

    1st row of vineyard

    8

    8

    8

    8Measure and mark ends of rows

    8

    8

    8

    8

    Headla

    nds

    (30-40) H

    ead

    lands

    (30

    -40)

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity ExtensionDr. Bruce Bordelon,Purdue University

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    13/62

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    14/62

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    15/62

    Vineyard LayoutVineyard Layout

    Mark out Rows and Vine PlacementMark out Rows and Vine PlacementWith MarkersWith Markers

    1st row of vineyard

    8

    8

    8

    8

    8

    8

    8

    8

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity ExtensionDr. Bruce Bordelon,Purdue University

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    16/62

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    17/62

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

    Nursery GradesNursery Grades

    6-126 121-2

    > 12> 121-1

    > 12

    numerous> 121-X

    RootGrowth

    TopGrowthGrade

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    18/62

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    19/62

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    20/62

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    21/62

    Proper planting depthProper planting depth

    Own-rooted Grafted

    Graft union

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity ExtensionDr. Bruce Bordelon,Purdue University

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    22/62

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    23/62

    Vine Planting with a TransplanterSaves on labor, but require a larger tractor.

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

    Dr. Bruce Bordelon,Purdue University

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    24/62

    Vineyard LayoutVineyard Layout

    Mark out Rows and Vine PlacementMark out Rows and Vine PlacementBy cross scoring the fieldBy cross scoring the field

    1st row of vineyard

    8

    8

    8

    8

    8

    8

    8

    8

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

    Dr. Bruce Bordelon,Purdue University

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    25/62

    Set at Proper DepthSet at Proper Depth

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

    Dr. Bruce Bordelon,Purdue University

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    26/62

    Spacing and TampingSpacing and Tamping

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

    Dr. Bruce Bordelon,Purdue University

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    27/62

    Trellis EstablishmentTrellis Establishment

    Distribute and drive posts immediately after planting

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

    Dr. Bruce Bordelon,

    Purdue University

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    28/62

    Line PostLine Post

    DrivenDriven vsvs setting in ansetting in an AugeredAugered holehole

    2 deep

    3-4 x 8 line post

    3 deep

    3-4 x 9 line post

    Provide equivalent anchorage

    Narrow End

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    29/62

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    30/62

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    31/62

    Grow Tubes

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    32/62

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    33/62

    Vineyard Training SystemsVineyard Training Systems

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    34/62

    Growth HabitGrowth HabitTrailing / Drooping

    Upright

    Characteristic ofAmerican species

    Characteristic of V. vinifera& some French-Amer. hybrids

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    35/62

    Single Curtain Bi-lateral Cordon

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    36/62

    66--CaneCane KniffenKniffen SystemSystemwith wires at 2.5, 4 and 6 feet

    Suitable for low vigor cultivars

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    37/62

    UmbrellaUmbrella KniffenKniffen SystemSystemSuited for American cultivars requiring pruning to long

    canes. Requires extra labor to tie canes to lower wires

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    38/62

    Geneva Double Curtain

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    39/62

    Catch Wire SystemCatch Wire Systemfor Upright & Semifor Upright & Semi--upright Cultivarsupright Cultivars

    Cordon wire

    at 36 to 42

    Catch wiresspaced 10 apart

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    40/62

    VSP

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    41/62

    Smart-Dyson

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    42/62

    Scott Henry

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

    Cordon

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    43/62

    Cultivars Suited forCultivars Suited for

    Vertical Shoot PositioningVertical Shoot PositioningSemi-upright:

    Chambourcin

    Chardonel

    La Crosse

    Prairie Star

    Seyval Blanc

    Traminette

    Upright:

    Chelois

    St. Vincent

    Vignoles

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    44/62

    Considerations in SelectingConsiderations in Selecting

    A Training SystemA Training System

    Growth habit

    Vine vigor

    Cost of materials

    Labor to install

    Labor to maintain

    Prune

    Shoot positioning Other cultural

    practices

    Benefits?

    Fruit color development

    Fruit quality

    SS

    pH

    TA

    Earlier maturity

    Pest problems +

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    45/62

    Cultural Practices in an

    Established VineyardMarch/April Inspect buds for winter injury

    Pruning, tying & brush removal

    Pre-emergence weed control

    Fertilize

    Dormant lime sulfur

    May Disease & insect control

    Suckering Shoot thinning?

    Shoot positioning VSP

    June Cluster thinning?

    Disease & insect control

    Shoot positioning VSP

    July Disease & insect control

    Shoot positioning

    Post emergence weed control

    Shearing shoots Collect petiole sample

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    46/62

    Cultural Practices in an

    Established Vineyard

    August/September Install bird netting

    Disease & insect control

    Begin testing maturity

    Leaf pulling, lateral shootthinning?

    Shoot positioning &shearing VSP

    Harvest

    September/October

    Remove bird netting

    Check soil pH

    November March

    Winterize equipment

    Repair trellis Plan for the next season

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    47/62

    Inspecting buds for winter injury

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY

    Horticulture

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    48/62

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    49/62

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYUniversity Extension

    Weed Control

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    50/62

    Apply Liquid Lime Sulfur

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY

    University Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    51/62

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY

    University Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    52/62

    GrapeDiseases

    Black rot

    Powdery mildew

    Downy mildew

    Bunch rot

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY

    University Extension

    Anthracnose

    Phomopsis

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    53/62

    Grape

    Insects8-spottedforester moth

    Hornworm

    Grape Phylloxera

    Japanese beetle

    Grape berry moth

    Grape rootwormbeetle

    Grasshopper

    Bees

    Asian Ladybird beetle

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY

    University Extension

    Leafrollers

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    54/62

    Shoot Thinning

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY

    University Extension

    Basal shoots

    Primary shoot

    Secondary shoot

    Renewal spur

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    55/62

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY

    University Extension

    Cluster Thinning

    Large & medium clusters 1 per shootSmall clusters 2 per shoot

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    56/62

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY

    University Extension

    Shoot Positioning

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    57/62

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY

    University Extension

    Shoot Positioning

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    58/62

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY

    University Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    59/62

    WildlifeWildlife

    ControlControl

    Birds Sound

    Cannons

    Distress

    Predator

    Reflectors

    Netting

    Raccoons Exclusion

    Habitat reduction Trapping, etc.

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY

    University Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    60/62

    Bird Netting

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY

    University Extension

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    61/62

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY

    Horticulture

  • 8/6/2019 Vineyard Establishment

    62/62

    IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY