Vgepl Solar Dpr (1)

VIJAYASRI GREEN ENERGY PRIVATE LIMITED

1 MW SOLAR PV BASED POWER PLANT

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT

AT

KYASAMPALLI VILLAGE, KAMAREDDY MANDAL,

NIZAMABAD DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH

PREPARED BY

I-MECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD

HYDERABAD, A.P. INDIA

JAN,2013

1


Table of Contents

COMPANY INFORMATION ................................................................................................. 4

PROJECT DETAILS ............................................................................................................. 5

KEY PROMOTERS: .............................................................................................................. 5

PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................. 5

SCOPE .................................................................................................................................. 6

PROJECT JUSTIFICATION ................................................................................................. 6

PLANT SITE ........................................................................................................................ 11

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ........................................................................................... 14

MAIN PLANT EQUIPMENT ................................................................................................ 15

PV MODULES ..................................................................................................................... 16

INVERTERS ........................................................................................................................ 18

JUNCTION BOX ................................................................................................................. 20

MODULE MOUNTING STRUCTURE ................................................................................ 20

MONITORING SYSTEM ..................................................................................................... 21

WEB BASED MONITORING .............................................................................................. 22

CABLES AND CONNECTORS .......................................................................................... 23

EVACUATION INFRASTRUCTURE .................................................................................. 24

EVACUATION POWER LINE ............................................................................................. 24

PLANT FEEDER AT GRID SUBSTATION ......................................................................... 25

SWITCHYARD .................................................................................................................... 25

LT PANEL ........................................................................................................................... 26

TRANSFORMER ................................................................................................................ 26

SWITCHGEAR .................................................................................................................... 27

YIELD AT SITE ................................................................................................................... 28

LOSSES CONSIDERED FOR YIELD CALCULATION ..................................................... 28

SHADING LOSSES ............................................................................................................ 29

INCIDENT ANGLE LOSSES .............................................................................................. 29

LOW RADIANCE LOSS ...................................................................................................... 30

MODULE TEMPERATURE ................................................................................................ 30

MODULE QUALITY ............................................................................................................ 30

2


MODULE MISMATCH ........................................................................................................ 30

DC CABLE RESISTANCE .................................................................................................. 31

INVERTER PERFORMANCE ............................................................................................. 31

AC LOSSES ........................................................................................................................ 31

DOWNTIME ........................................................................................................................ 31

SOILING .............................................................................................................................. 31

DEGRADATION .................................................................................................................. 32

CIVIL ENGINEERING ASPECTS ....................................................................................... 32

MOUNTING STRUCTURE ................................................................................................. 32

ROADS FOR THE PV PLANT ............................................................................................ 33

FENCING ............................................................................................................................ 33

FENCING MATERIAL USED .............................................................................................. 33

SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE FENCING MATERIAL ........................................................ 34

FENCING FOUNDATION ................................................................................................... 34

CABLE TROUGHS IN THE ARRAY YARD ....................................................................... 34

CONTROL ROOM .............................................................................................................. 34

RCC WORKS ...................................................................................................................... 35

BRICK WORKS ................................................................................................................... 35

Doors & Ventilators ............................................................................................................. 35

Plastering ............................................................................................................................ 35

Flooring ............................................................................................................................... 35

Roofing ................................................................................................................................ 35

Plinth Protection .................................................................................................................. 35

Painting ............................................................................................................................... 35

Rolling Shutters ................................................................................................................... 35

Water Supply ....................................................................................................................... 36

Plumbing and Sanitary ........................................................................................................ 36

Electrification of Building ..................................................................................................... 36

Site Drainage and Sewerage System of Building .............................................................. 36

OPERATION & MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................ 37

QUALITY INSPECTION AT SITE ....................................................................................... 40

TRAINING ........................................................................................................................... 42

WARRANTY ........................................................................................................................ 42

3


PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION .......................................................................................... 42

PROPOSED ORGANIZATION CHART ............................................................................. 43

List of Figures

Figure -1: Current Voltage Curve of Solar Cell ...................................................................... 17

Figure -2: Carrying a PV panel .............................................................................................. 18

Figure -3: Inverter .................................................................................................................. 19

Figure -4: Top Panel view of the SEEDS Gateway ................................................................ 21

Figure -5: Back Panel view of the SEEDS Gateway .............................................................. 21

Figure -6: Client Connect Online Monitoring .......................................................................... 23

Figure -7: Switchyard ............................................................................................................ 25

Figure -8: LT Panel, Outdoor Transformer & Switchgear (left to right on screen) ................... 26

Figure -9: SunEdison Service Architecture ............................................................................ 38

Figure -10: Renewable Operations Center ............................................................................ 38

Figure -11: Hourly PV System Output .................................................................................... 39

Figure-12: Project Schedule .................................................................................................. 43

List of Tables

Table -1: Technical Requirements ......................................................................................... 15

Table -2: Technical Specification of Cables and Connectors ................................................. 24

Table -3: Sample Site Quality Inspection Summary ............................................................... 41

Table -4: Operations & Maintenance Activities ...................................................................... 41

4


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

COMPANY INFORMATION

1. Vijayasri Green Energy Pvt. Ltd. (henceforth referred to as VGEPL) is incorporated under

the Companies Act, 1956 (No.1 of 1956). Its registered and corporate office is located at

7-1-396/6, Balkampet, S R Nagar, Hyderabad – 500038, Andhra Pradesh, India.

2. As the world broadens its portfolio of power options to meet growing energy demands and

increasingly stringent environmental concerns, solar power is emerging as an attractive

option. Of all the routes for conversion of solar into useful energy, direct conversion of

sunlight to electricity through solar photovoltaic technology is well accepted. Solar

photovoltaic has been recognized as an important route for generation of substantial

quantities of grid quality power by utilizing the light energy of solar radiation.

3. VGEPL intend to setup grid interactive solar power project based on Solar PV Poly

Crystalline modules. The project activity is to install grid connected 1 MW solar power

project. The full power rating of the solar power plant shall be 1.0 +5% and -0% MW DC

at standard test conditions (STC) of 1000 W/sq meter sunlight and 25 degree centigrade.

The project is selected to install Poly Crystalline modules which comply with IEC 61646

4. The Company, backed by strong financial background of its promoters, its experience and

knowledgeable Technical Team has laid ambitious goals to acquire projects diverse in

geographic location, where the solar radiation is rich in its availability and expand the

business of Solar Energy Generation in near future.

5. The Company has initiated a project at Andhra Pradesh which is in its advance stages in

terms of clearances and financial closure.

6. VGEPL is a Private Limited enterprise established with an objective to generate and

supply power from Solar PV sources of energy.

7. With a Vision to be an active player in India's emerging Power sector by exploiting the rich

treasure of alternate energy prevalent in the country, it is committed to take a prominent

role in fuelling the industrial and economical growth in the country simultaneously by

creating a cleaner and safer environment for the economy to thrive and flourish.

5


8. The VGEPL has proposed to set up a coal based power plant near Kyasampalli Village,

Kamareddy Mandal, Nizamabad District in Andhra Pradesh.

9. VGEPL has availed the services of M/s I-Mech Technologies Private Limited a leading

engineering Services company a leading Consultancy firm in the areas of Solar Power

Sector for DPR Preparation, Owner Engineering, Services for the proposed 1 MW solar

PV Based power project

PROJECT DETAILS

1. The Company’s proposed project is to establish a 1 MW Solar PV Based Power Plant at

Kyasampalli Village, Kamareddy Mandal, Nizamabad District, Andhra Pradesh.

2. The project cost has been estimated as Rs 10.32 cr. The project is proposed to be funded

with Bank Term Loan of Rs.7.00 cr and equity component of Rs.3.0 cr. The debt equity

ratio works out to 2.30:1.

3. The term loan is repayable over 120 installments after providing for construction period of

6 months and moratorium period of 3 months from COD.

KEY PROMOTERS:

The promoter directors of the company are Mr. K Mohan Reddy aged around 46 years. He

hails from a business family involved in the Financing and Construction Business. Mrs A

Vijaya aged around 42 years hails from the business and agricultural family and she is

wife of Mr. K Mohan Reddy Its registered and corporate office is located at 7-1-396/6,

Balkampet, S R Nagar, Hyderabad – 500038, Andhra Pradesh, India

PURPOSE

1. The purpose of this detailed project report is to present the technical and project cost

details of the proposed 1 MW capacity Solar PV Based power plant at Tangadapalli

Village, Kyasampalli Village, Kamareddy Mandal, Nizamabad District, Andhra Pradesh

using a Poly Crystalline Silicon PV panels.

2. VGEPL is setting up 1 MW Solar PV Based power plant under REC mechanism by selling

the generated power through 3rd Party Sale under a long Term PPA with MNC company

6


who has a strong financial ability to sign the PPA for a Long Term with the locking period

of initial 5 years and later with a 12 months advance notice for termination if required.

3. This report also highlights the details of the selected site, water requirements, technical

features of the main plant equipment, electrical systems, evacuation of power,

environmental aspects, schedule of project implementation and estimates of project cost

and cost of generation for the proposed Solar Power Plant.

SCOPE

1. The scope of this project report covers the following:

a. Review of power and energy requirements of Andhra Pradesh and establish the

need for installation of proposed project.

b. Study of the selected site for the installation of 1 MW Solar PV Based power plant

considering topography, protection against flood, soil conditions, accessibility by

road, availability of water, power evacuation plan for the plant.

c. Selection of Site parameters.

d. Preparation of plant layout.

e. Brief details of the major aspects of the proposed plant and salient technical details

of the major equipment / systems proposed.

f. Environmental aspects.

g. Preparation of project implementation schedule.

h. Preparation of project cost estimates and cost of generation.

PROJECT JUSTIFICATION

1. The average per capita consumption of energy in India is around 612 kW, which is much

lower than that of the developed countries like USA, Europe, Australia, Japan etc.

However, this figure is expected to rise sharply due to high economic growth and rapid

industrialization. Energy is a necessity and sustainable renewable energy is a vital link in

industrialization and development of India. A transition from conventional energy systems

to those based on renewable resources is necessary to meet the ever increasing demand

for energy and to address environmental concerns.

2. Thus, the present scenario needs for addition of major renewable energy sources of

energy for overall economic development of the country.

3. Solar Photovoltaic Power plant operates on the principle of the photoelectric phenomenon

- direct conversion of light to electricity. The solar radiation incident upon a silicon-based

semiconductor photovoltaic cell produces direct electric current.

7


4. Photovoltaic cells are integrated into modules with a voltage of 6 - 12 V; the electrically

interconnected modules form solar systems with an output voltage of 230 V.

5. Thus M/S Vijayasri Green Energy Private Limited (VGEPL) intends to participate in this

development process through the implementation of 1MW Solar PV based power plant.

PRESENT INSTALLED GENERATION CAPACITY OF INDIA

1. Rapid industrialization and increase in commercial and domestic use of electricity are the

main reasons for increase in power consumption in the country at large. In addition, the

government policies like rural electrification, electricity to all by 2012, development of

irrigation sector and minimum target of per capita consumption of 1000 units/year are

also contributing in increasing the future power demand. To meet the above

requirements, the additions in the power generation capacity would have to match with

the future power demands. The 17th Electric power survey report by CEA provides a

quantitative forecast of the future demands and planned/required capacity additions.

2. Since it is proposed to sell the electricity through a trading firm by utilizing open-access

system which is going to be the order of the day in the near future, it is considered

pertinent to study the supply demand gap of electricity at the national level instead of

merely at state level.

3. It is assessed by the Ministry of Power (MoP) that there is currently huge short-fall in

electricity generation while the energy demand has been consistently rising. The existing

installed generation capacity in India being of the order of 167 GW. It is estimated that

this is to be doubled over the next decade. The shortage of energy particularly at peak

demand periods has been the largest impediment to India's economic growth while the

gap between supply and demand continues to widen over the years.

4. Table II.1 below gives the actual power supply position of India. From the Energy Deficit

(%), we note the Ministry of Power's initiative to encourage capacity addition till end of

11th Five-Year-Plan to reduce the projected deficit in electricity generation. This is

indicative of the significant business potential in establishing thermal power stations.

Table II.1 Actual power supply position of India

YEAR

Sl No Details 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2011-12

1 Peak Power Demand (MW) 1,08,866 1,09,809 1,19,166 1,52,746

8


2 Peak Power Availability (MW)

90,793 96,685 1,04,009 1,42,765

3 Peak power Deficit (MW) (+ for surplus, - for deficit)

-18,073 -13,124 15,157 -9,981

4 Peak power deficit (%) -16.60% -12% -12.70% -6.50%

5 Energy Demand (MU) 7,39,345 7,74,324 8,30,594 9,68,659

6 Energy Availability (MU) 6,66,007 6,89,021 7,46,644 9,48,836

7 Energy Deficit (MU) -73,338 -85,303 -83,950 -19,823

8 Energy Deficit (%) -9.90% -11% -10.10% -2%

Source: Report on Seventeenth Electric Power Survey of India, March-2007

Power Scenario at a glance, CEA Planning wing, Nov'2010

5. The following Table II.2 summarizes Grid wise forecasts of energy requirements and

peak demand by the end of 11th Five-Year-Plan (Year 2011-12).

Table-II.2 Summary of Forecasts

Peak Demand and Energy Requirements*

Energy Requirement

(MkWh) Peak Load (MW)

Grid By 11th Plan (End of

March 2012) By 11th Plan (End of

March 2012)

Northern 2,94,841 48,137

Western 2,94,860 47,108

Southern 2,53,443 40,367

Eastern 1,11,802 19,088

N-Eastern 13,329 2,537

A&N Islands 344 77

Lakshadweep 40 11

9,68,659 1,52,746

* Source: Report on Seventeenth Electric Power Survey of India, March-2007

Against this background of power and energy requirements, the following generating capacity

additions are planned:

9


Table II.3 Targeted Capacity Additions* (MW)

Sl No Sector By 11th Plan

(End Mar 2012)

1 State Sector 26,783

2 Private Sector 15,043

3 Central Sector 36,874

Total 78,700

As per Planning Commission Target,

Source: Power Scenario at a glance, CEA Planning wing, Nov'2010

6. It can be figured out from the above facts that India urgently needs to expand its installed

generation to nearly double the present installed capacity as forecast of a demand of

electricity is continuing to rise at an annual rate of 9-10%.

Opportunities for setting of Solar PV Power Plant in Andhra Pradesh

7. Andhra Pradesh seems to be an obvious choice for setting up power generating plants.

Andhra Pradesh state has invited EOI from the interested parties for setting up of solar PV

plants which is the only source to supply of shortage power under government Bidding or

3rd Party PPA through REC mechanism.

8. The state of Andhra Pradesh like many other eastern India states is witnessing huge

investment in Iron & steel and aluminium sectors. Thus, there is huge demand of power in

Andhra Pradesh. Further, as the state of Andhra Pradesh is strategically located adjoining

to rapidly industrializing states such as Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka&

Maharashtra, power generated in Andhra Pradesh has got ready market for utilization.

9. The per capita power consumption of Andhra Pradesh is much lower compared to national

average in spite of its wealth of huge coal resource. Table below gives the actual power

supply position of Andhra Pradesh.

Table 11.4 Actual Power Supply position of Andhra Pradesh

Sl. No. Details YEAR

2010-11 2011-12

1 Peak Power Demand (MW) 12,630 13,916

2 Peak Power Availability(MW) 11,829 11,336

10


3 Peak Power Deficit (MW) (+ for surplus-for deficit)

-801 -2,580

4 Peak Power Deficit (%) -6.30% -18.50%

5 Energy Demand (MU) 78,970 88,335

6 Energy Availability (MU) 76,450 77,608

7 Energy Deficit (MU) -2,520 -10,727

8 Energy Deficit (%) -3.20% -12.10%

From the above table we readily see the huge expected energy deficit of 12.1% in

Andhra Pradesh in the period of 2011-2012.

CONCLUSION AND JUSTIFICATION

10. From the table II.1, II.2 &11.3, it is obvious that there is a deficit in the power and

energy availability in India. By the year 2014, Government of India has decided to

increase the power generation by 78,700 MW. Solar is identified as the main Source

for reliable power. The plants located in high solar radiation zones will have a greater

economic and logistical advantage in terms of cost of energy.

11. From the table 11.3, we can see that huge power deficit is expected in Andhra

Pradesh state in the period of 2011-2012. Whereas the expected peak power demand

is 13916 MW, the availability will be only 11,336 MW, a deficit of 18.50%. Also the

energy available in the same period will be 77,608 MU against the requirement of

88,335 MU, a deficit of 12.10%

12. Renewable Certificate Mechanism: Currently the REC certificates are shortage in the

market as the demand for sale of these REC certificates generated from Solar are

increasing. Currently the minimum price guaranteed is Rs 9.30/Unit and the traded

price is as Rs 12.50/Unit. This price is protected till March 31st ,2017 as per CERC

13. Considering all conditions stated above, the proposed 1 MW Solar PV Project can

operate at its maximum possible load factor. Thus, installation of the proposed project

is fully justified from peak demand as well as the energy point of view.

11


PLANT SITE

Location

1. The proposed Power Plant would be located at Kyasampalli Village, Kamareddy Mandal,

Nizamabad District, Andhra Pradesh at latitude 18 18.045 North and longitude 78 22.742

East spreading over an extent of 5.2 acres.

Basis of site selection

2. The site is selected based on the primary considerations of availability of land without

major hurdles or eviction, availability of power evacuation (grid is 2 km by road from the

site located near Kyasampalli). The Annual Solar Irradiation of 5.2 KWh/m²/day in

Kamareddy, Andhra Pradesh, India

UnitClimate data

location

Latitude °N 18.301

Longitude °E 78.379

Elevation m 390

Heating design temperature °C 17.57

Cooling design temperature °C 37.04

Earth temperature amplitude °C 17

Frost days at site day 0

12


Source: NASA Web Site Data

Access to Site

1. The site is accessible by National High way No.7 passing EAST of the plot. This road is

connecting Hyderabad & Nagpur. VGEPL has laid a approach road connecting the NH 7

to the plant Site. The nearest broad gauge railway station is Kamareddy, approachable

within 6 km from the project site.

Land Availability

1. Land required for setting up of the 1 MW Solar PV Power Plant is about 5 acres including

the Modules and Mounting structures, area for auxiliary systems, Invertors and Batteries ,

green belt , Admin Buildings, Service Rooms. The land is totally private and uninhabited,

so rehabilitation and resettlement will not be involved.

Resettlement Rehabilitation (R&R)

1. The land is totally private and uninhabited, so rehabilitation and resettlement will not be

involved.

Other Features of the Site

1. Site : KYASAMPALLI VILLAGE

Mandal : KAMAREDDI

Month

Air

temperature

Relative

humidity

Daily solar

radiation -

horizontal

Atmospheric

pressure

Wind

speed

Earth

temperature

Heating

degree-

days

Cooling

degree-days

°C % kWh/m2/d kPa m/s °C °C-d °C-d

January 23.4 0.47 4.98 96.9 2.1 26.3 0 409

February 26.1 0.405 5.78 96.8 2.4 30.2 0 445

March 30.1 0.349 6.39 96.5 2.4 35.7 0 608

April 31.1 0.419 6.66 96.3 2.6 36.7 0 624

May 32.8 0.4 6.48 96 3 37.8 0 700

June 29.2 0.616 4.83 95.9 3.4 31.9 0 570

July 27 0.709 4.19 96 3.3 28.6 0 522

August 26.6 0.708 4.05 96.1 3.1 27.9 0 510

September 26.9 0.674 4.67 96.3 2.3 28.6 0 505

October 26.2 0.6 5 96.6 2 28.1 0 498

November 24.6 0.485 4.91 96.9 2.2 26.6 0 432

December 22.9 0.45 4.72 97 2.2 25 0 393

Annual

27.2 0.524 5.22 96.4 2.6 30.3 0 6216

Measured at (m) 10 0

13


District : NIZAMABAD

State : ANDHRA PRADESH

Longitude/Latitude at site : 78°22'44.52" EAST & 18°18'2.70" NORTH

Elevation above MSL : 390 MTR

Nearest railway station : KAMAREDDY 7 KMS

Nearest Sea port : VISHAKAPATNAM

Nearest domestic airport : HYDERABAD

Nearest International Airport : HYDERABAD

Highest temperature (Dry Bulb) : 37.04 Deg C

Lowest temperature (Dry bulb) : 17.36 Deg C

Average wet bulb temperature : 28 Deg C

Relative humidity

1. Maximum : 74.61%

2. Minimum : 24.85%

3. Average : 60%

Annual mean wind speed : 5.2 Km/hr

Annual average rain fall : 663 mm

Site Topography

1. The site selected for the plant is predominantly flat with minor slope towards the south

which is advantageous from the point of view of module mounting. The area is totally

devoid of any flora and fauna and does not fall under the drainage route of any catchment.

Also, it is located above the highest flood level of the area.

Soil and Geotechnical Characteristics

1. The top soil is clayey/ sandy loam with bottom layers of alluvial laterite. Geotechnical

investigation of the site has not been carried out and would be undertaken by the project

authority.

Seismological Studies

1. The proposed power plant is located in Seismic Zone II as per IS: 1893-2002. The

importance factor of 1.5 would be considered for all power plant buildings/ structures as

per IS: 1893.

14


Water

2. The source of water for the proposed Solar PV plant (1 MW) would be the ground water in

the Solar PV power plant site. The raw water requirement for 1 MW Solar PV Plant unit

would be around 115 Liters Per day. Further water optimization will be carried out during

detailed engineering stage to meet the water consumption allocation for cleaning of the

panels.

3. Every attempt would be made for conservation of water by making maximum use of

sprinklers.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

The basic functional description of a Solar Photovoltaic power generator is as follows:

Solar panels installed on ground, convert sunlight to DC (Direct Current) electricity.

This power generated as DC from solar panels is sent to a device called Inverter.

The inverter converts the DC from solar panels to AC (Alternate Current), which can

be used for any domestic or industrial need requiring an AC current supply.

There are two general types of electrical designs for PV power systems.

Grid Interactive Systems that either

– use a part of the power generated and interact with the utility power grid for the

rest of the power generated; they do not have a battery backup or

– feed in 100% of the power generated to the utility power grid

Off Grid Systems that do not interact with the grid and either include battery backup or

not.

Our project uses the Grid Interactive Ground mount Systems with Poly crystalline photovoltaic

modules.

Grid connected solar power comprises of the main equipment and components listed below:

Solar PV Modules / Array Configuration

Inverters

Junction Boxes

Module Mounting System

15


Monitoring System

Evacuation Infrastructure

Refer Annexure I for a single line diagram of our design layout at the project site

MAIN PLANT EQUIPMENT

The Solar Power Projects deploying PV modules and Inverter systems comply with relevant

IEC/BIS standards and/or are compliant with applicable standards as specified by Central

Electricity Authority / JNNSM / as applicable for the relevant project. Table -1 lists the

equipment and material required for a 1 MWp Grid interactive solar PV plant with associate

system (typical).

Table -1: Technical Requirements

Item Details Unit

PV Module Nos

Module Mounting Structures Set

Solar module array to Inverter Interconnection cable Mtr

Inverter and Junction box Interconnection Cable Mtr

AC Cable and DC cables Mtr

Main Junction Box Lot

Inverter Nos

String monitoring system Set

Transformers Set

CT and PT set for metering Set

Lightning Arrester Nos

1 nos 5 MVA step up Transformers Set

Earth mat for switch yard and equipments Lot

Control and power cables Lot

Surge Protection and Fuses Sets

Office Building No

16


Item Details Unit

Rubber Mat – 12 mm Lot

Foam type fire extinguisher Lot

CO2 Extinguisher Lot

Sand Bucket Lot

Transformer discharge Rod Lot

LED system Lighting arrangement for the plant safety Nos

Metering Equipment Set

Protection Equipment Set

Solar Observatory Set

Monitoring Equipment

(Details of weather station, SCADA server with power back-up) Set

Solar photovoltaic modules can be developed in various combinations depending upon the

requirements of the voltage and power output to be taken from the solar plant. The total

number of cells and modules may vary depending upon the manufacturer prudent practice.

Refer Annexure II for the sample plant and equipment specifications proposed for this project.

The technical features of the major equipment are as under:

PV MODULES

The primary component of a photovoltaic system is the solar cell. This is the element that

converts solar radiation into electricity. A photovoltaic module or photovoltaic panel is a

packaged interconnected assembly of photovoltaic cells. Modules have characteristics that

describe their behavior during operation under standard testing conditions (STC), which

translate to AM 1.5 solar radiation of 1000 W / sq m at 25 °C.

The main characteristics taken into consideration when selecting a module for a photovoltaic

system are:

Open-Circuit Voltage (Voc): This is the difference of electrical potential between two

terminals of a device without any external load connected.

Optimum Operating Voltage (Vmp): This is the voltage across the terminals of the

module when it reaches maximum power at Standard Test Conditions (STC).

17


Short-Circuit Current (Isc): Short-circuit happens when there is very low resistance

between both terminals of the module.

Optimum Operating Current (Imp): This is the current generated when the system

reaches maximum power at STC.

Maximum Power at STC (Pmax): Maximum power generated at Standard Test

Conditions like 1000 W/m2, 25°C cell temperature, with a reference solar spectral

irradiance called Air Mass 1.5 (AM1.5), as defined in IEC 60904-3.TC.

Current Voltage Curve (IV Curve): The IV curve shows the relationship between

current and voltage across the terminals of the module. Figure -1 is an example of an

IV curve.

Figure -1: Current Voltage Curve of Solar Cell

Efficiency: The efficiency of the module is the ratio between the power generated by

the module and the power incident.

Power Tolerance: The power tolerance is given by the manufacturer, and defines the

maximum variation in power that the module can have.

Temperature coefficient of Pmax: The relative change in maximum power when the

temperature is changed by 1 °C.

Temperature coefficient of Voc: The relative change in open-circuit voltage when the


Temperature coefficient of Isc: The relative change in short-circuit current when the


Operating Temperature: The service temperature at which the module can be safely

used.

18


We have considered all the above mentioned parameters, and selected poly crystalline 200 to

280 Wp module or equivalent. Refer Annexure II for a detailed technical specification of the

module.

Figure -2: Carrying a PV panel

INVERTERS

Inverter or the Power Conditioning Unit converts the DC power to AC power to facilitate

feeding into the grid and acts as an interface between the PV array and the Grid. The AC

output should have very low current and voltage harmonic distortion and it must also

synchronize automatically to the exact AC voltage and frequency of the grid.

Since the DC output from the solar modules is dependent on the solar radiation, there is a

huge variation for the solar array output that the inverter has to accommodate and convert to

AC at high efficiencies. Most modern inverters have inbuilt maximum power point circuits that

allow them to tune the load conditions to maximize the power output based on the DC output

of the arrays. Typical conversion efficiencies for the inverters today are >96% for a range of

DC outputs.

In addition, the inverter also has to act as a protective device of the system. It needs to trip out

if the voltage, current or frequency goes outside acceptable ranges. There are two inverter

size options for the design - using a small number (or single) of large inverters (1 MW) or

using several smaller inverters of around 250 kW (4 X 250 kW). Using fewer number of high

rating (around 1 MW) inverters will be a less expensive option because of

inverter costs

use of shorter lengths of cables

less number of connection points

19


Using several smaller size inverters will increase the redundancy and reliability of the system.

For instance, if there is any unforeseen problem in the array or inverter, then there will not be

any hindrance in the supply of energy to the grid.

The inverters we choose, satisfy International Standards for solar PV applications and holds

the following Certifications as required by MNRE.

IEC62116

IEC62109-1

EN50178

We ensure that the inverter satisfies the following conditions:

Large input voltage DC window to provide flexibility in layout of PV system

DC as well AC side protection

Active and passive anti-islanding protection

High energy conversion efficiency (more than 96%)

Total Harmonic Distortion < 3 %

Facility of data logging system

Inbuilt maximum power point tracker for higher energy yield

Satisfactory Service and maintenance network.

Based on the above criteria, we recommend PVI-Central-500-TL or equivalent. Refer

Annexure II for a detailed specification of the proposed inverter.

Figure -3: Inverter

20


JUNCTION BOX

The junction box will be dust, vermin, and waterproof.

The terminal will be connected to copper bus-bar arrangement and will have suitable

cable entry points fitted with cable glands of appropriate sizes for both incoming and

outgoing cables.

Suitable markings will be provided on the bus-bars for easy identification and cable

ferrules will be fitted at the cable termination points for identification. Each Array

junction Box will have suitable Reverse Blocking Diodes of maximum DC blocking

voltage of 1000 V with suitable arrangement for its connecting. The Array junction Box

will also have suitable surge protection. The junction Boxes will have suitable

arrangement for the followings (typical):-

– Combine groups of modules into independent charging sub-arrays that will be

wired into the controller.

– Provide arrangement for disconnection for each of the groups.

– Provide a test point for each sub-group for quick fault location.

– Provide group array isolation.

– The current carrying ratings of the junction Boxes will be suitable with adequate

safety factor to inter connect the Solar PV array.

MODULE MOUNTING STRUCTURE

Our Module Mounting structure will be designed for simple mechanical and electrical

installation. It will support SPV modules at a given orientation, absorb and transfer the

mechanical loads to the ground properly. The array structure will be grounded properly

using maintenance free earthing kit.

The Mounting structure will be designed to allow essay replacement of any module

and will be in line with site requirement.

The support structure design and foundation will be designed to withstand wind speed

applicable for the zone using relevant Indian wind load codes.

The array structure will be so designed that it will occupy minimum space without

sacrificing the output from SPV panels.

The array structure will be made of hot dipped galvanized MS angles of suitable size.

Nut & bolts, supporting structures including Module Mounting Structures will be

adequately protected from atmosphere and weather prevailing in the area.

All fasteners will be made of stainless steel of grade SS 304.

21


MONITORING SYSTEM

All of our inverters and other sub components are equipped with the instrumentation and data

collection devices needed to interface with the monitoring system.

SEEDS™ (SunEdison Energy and Environmental Data System) is the SunEdison’s

proprietary platform for monitoring and logging site data. The SEEDS platform includes the

following on-site equipment: SEEDS™ Gateway, Revenue-Grade Electric Meter, SEEDS™

Weather Station (which includes module and ambient temperature sensor, pyranometer for

irradiance measurements and anemometers for wind speed measurement), Cellular (or

Satellite) modem, NEMA Enclosure. SEEDS provide the following services for any facility.

Solar Monitoring: Monitor production from solar power plants in 15 minute, 5 minute and 1

minute intervals. Measure and verify energy, apparent power, reactive power, AC/DC voltage

and current, frequency, inverter status and fault codes, ambient temperature, cell temperature

and insolation.

Load Monitoring: Monitor facility energy usage and demand as well as reactive power.

Energy Cost Monitoring: Visualize utility costs and solar savings calculated based on the

published utility tariff. Data is presented for every 15-minute interval and updated daily.

Figure -4: Top Panel view of the SEEDS Gateway

The SEEDS Gateway is an embedded computer that monitors and controls energy and the

on-site equipments. The gateway collects and aggregates monitoring information from all

these devices, and communicates with the SunEdison data center near real-time via a

cellular, satellite or local area network.

Figure -5: Back Panel view of the SEEDS Gateway

22


SEEDSTM Gateway - Features

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition):

Collects data via serial or Ethernet link (Modbus, CCU2, Data-1…) as well as pulse

input

Provides on-board data storage

MRS (Performance Monitoring and Reporting System)

AMR (Automatic Meter Reading):

Collects historical interval data from meter

PDP (Performance Data Provider)

High performance web service interface

Data latency < 1 min

Supported devices

Electric meters

Environmental sensors

Solar inverters

WEB BASED MONITORING

C Client Connect is a secure web portal used by our customers to access information about energy

production and usage, weather, environmental offsets, costs, savings, and more. Client Connect

has the following capabilities:

Customer can monitor energy produced by an individual system or in aggregate for a

fleet of sites.

Data is available at 15 minute intervals and can be displayed in daily, weekly, monthly,

annual or custom date ranges.

Any data charted can be exported in CSV format.

Client Connect users can subscribe to daily or monthly production reports sent via

email.

Client Connect also provides customer access to energy invoices, and designated

users receive email notification when a new invoice is posted.

23


Figure -6: Client Connect Online Monitoring

A

All major parameters are available on the digital bus and logging facility for energy auditing

through the internal microprocessor and can be read on the digital front panel at any time the

current values, previous values for up to a month and the average values. The following

parameters will be accessible through the operating interface display.

AC Voltage

AC Output current

Output Power

DC Input Voltage

DC Input Current

Time Active

Time disabled

Time Idle

Temperatures

Invertor Status

CABLES AND CONNECTORS

Cables will be extremely robust and resist high mechanical load and abrasion. High temperature

temperature resistance and excellent weatherproofing characteristics provide a long service life

life to the cables used. The connectors with high current capacity and easy mode of assembly

are to be used for the connections of the power plant cables.

Table -2 lists the Technical specification of Cables & Connectors is as given below.

24


Table -2: Technical Specification of Cables and Connectors

Item Specifications

Standard IS & Grade 1.1 kV

Working Voltage Up to 1100V

Temperature Range -25 º C to 70ºC

Sizes Suitable size (less that 1% loss in AC and DC side)

Color code Suitable black, red, blue etc.

Specifications IS 15543/694-1990

Marking Sizes & Makes

EVACUATION INFRASTRUCTURE

The evacuation infrastructure consists of an overhead evacuation power line linking the SPV

plant to the distribution substation of 33 kV at Choutuppal 33/11 KVA Substation, and a step

one substation (switchyard) on site. It is important that the power plant is designed to operate

satisfactorily in parallel with grid, under the voltage and frequency fluctuation condition, so as

to export the maximum possible units to the grid. It is also extremely important to safeguard

the system during major disturbances like tripping, pulling and sudden over loading during the

fluctuation of the grid loads.

EVACUATION POWER LINE

Transmission line between the SPV plant and the distribution substation will be taken through

steel lattice towers suitable for single circuit conductors. Foundations, civil works and

execution of work will be in accordance with IREDA/ SEB’s norms. The transmission system

will be complete with galvanized transmission towers, conductors, earth wires, strain/string

insulators, hardware & accessories for towers, gantries at termination points, etc.

Lightning arrestors of adequate capacity will be provided for transformer/ switchyard

equipment protection and on terminating ends of the transmission lines. The lightning arrestor

will be heavy duty station class type, discharge class III, conforming to IEC specification.

25


Arrestors will be complete with Insulating base, self contained discharge counters and suitable

mille-ammeters.

PLANT FEEDER AT GRID SUBSTATION

The plant feeder at distribution station will be provided with directional over-current and earth

fault relays, backed-up by non directional elements. Trivector meter (TVM) may also be

provided in the substation for this feeder, so as to give revenue metering, which will be

arranged in the SPV plant premises.

SWITCHYARD

The power from the PCUs are collected and channeled through the low voltage panel by the means of LV

AC power lines, and then are run from the LT panels to the power transformer. The transformer is

connected to the overhead power line by means of corresponding switchgear and cabinets allocated in

control room.

Figure -7: Switchyard

26


Figure -8 depicts the typical photographs of LT Panel, Transformer and switchgear cabinets.

Figure -8: LT Panel, Outdoor Transformer & Switchgear (left to right on screen)

LT PANEL

The LT Panel will have adequate inputs to take in from individual PCUs and adequate outputs

to individual transformers. The Panel will be floor mounted type. All the measuring instruments

such as voltmeter, ammeter will be present. It will have a main ongoing circuit breaker and two

circuit breakers for out comer to feed PCUs.

TRANSFORMER

5 MVA transformers will be used for 1 MWp SPV Power Plant. Transformer LV

side will be of same voltage as that of output of PUC and HV side will be 11 KV.

The transformers, their accessories and fittings, transformer oil, etc. will conform to

the latest edition of the Indian / International standards.

The following are the other major specifications

– Frequency = 50 Hz

– Number of Phases = 3 phase

– Rated primary voltage = 415 V

– Rated secondary voltage = 11 kV

– Vector reference group: Ynd – 11

– Type of cooling: ONAN

27


SWITCHGEAR

Switchgear for connection to the overhead line will consist of insulated cabinets with switch

on-off, protection and metering functions. Isolators will be complete with earth switch

(wherever necessary), galvanized steel base provided with holes, solid core type post

insulators with adequate creep age distance, blades made up of non-rusting material,

operating mechanism (gang operated, manual/motor charging mechanism). They will be of

center post rotating horizontal double break type and will consist of 3 poles.

The system will be designed with appropriate CTs & PTs to have all relevant protection

arrangements like, over current, earth fault relays etc. In addition CTs and PTs will also be

provided for metering purposes as elsewhere specified.

Over and under voltage protection, over and under frequency protection and island operation

protection will be carried out by the CPUs protection system; it is not necessary to implement

that function on the protection relays of the switchyard.

Protection, metering and control panels for the switchyard and grid feeder will be all

accommodated in the control room. The circuit breaker will be totally re-strike free under all

duty conditions and will be capable of breaking magnetizing current of transformer and

capacitive current of unloaded overhead lines without causing over voltages of abnormal

magnitudes. The circuit breakers will be suitable for use in the switchgear under the operating

conditions.

Closing coil will be suitable for operation at all values of voltages between 85% and 110% of

the rated voltage. Shunt trip will operate correctly under all operating conditions of the circuit

breaker up to the rated breaking capacity of the circuit breaker and at all values of supply

voltage between 70% and 110% of rated voltage.

Tariff main metering will be accommodated in the control room on plant land. Trivector meter

that will be provided in the plant’s control building or as per Rajasthan Renewable Energy

Corporation Limited (RREC) requirement and will have main and checking arrangement, and

these will be agreed upon with the RREC. The tariff meters will register import as well as

export parameters.

28


YIELD AT SITE

We predict the energy yield considering various vital parameters and a desktop site

assessment. We use the PVSYST photovoltaic simulation software, which simulates the

energy yield using hourly time steps. PVSYST takes as input details of the,

site resource

solar PV modules specifications

inverters specifications

structure type specifications

The energy yield prediction involves,

1. Sourcing average monthly horizontal irradiation, wind speed and temperature data

from a variety of sources from land based meteorological stations like NASA.

These data have been assessed and judiciously selected for use in the energy

yield simulation software. Calculating the global incident radiation on the collector

plane, taking into account horizon shading.

2. Calculating the losses that occur during the process of converting irradiated solar

energy into AC electricity, using inverter specifications, PV module characteristics

and the site layout.

3. Applying downtime losses, module degradation and AC losses to obtain an energy

yield for a twenty-five year project life cycle.

4. Using statistical analysis of resource data to derive appropriate levels of

uncertainty in the energy yield prediction.

Using Poly Crystaline PV module, the expected energy production is estimated to be 1806

kWh / kWp per annum. Kyasampalli has one of the best insolation in the state of Andhra

Pradesh with a daily horizontal surface solar irradiation incidence between 5 and 6 kWh / sq.

m. Through utilizing cutting edge technology and components and minimal system losses, the

proposed power plant is expected to satisfy the energy requirement by 79.9 %. Refer the

Annexure III for details on the energy generation at the site.

LOSSES CONSIDERED FOR YIELD CALCULATION

PVSYST calculates the direct current (DC) electricity generated from the modules in hourly

time steps throughout the year. This direct current is converted to alternating current (AC) in

an inverter. A number of losses occur during the process of converting irradiated solar energy

29


into AC electricity. Some of these losses are calculated within the PVSYST software, whilst

others are assumed figures based on the performance of similar PV plants. The losses are

described in the following subsections. Let us discuss them in detail.

SHADING LOSSES

These are losses arising due shade in the vicinity of the project caused by neighborhood

buildings, trees or hills. Three types of shading losses have been considered in the PVSYST

model:

1. Horizon Shading

If the site (based on the satellite imagery) is quite flat with no hills in the vicinity, horizon

shading is expected to be insignificant.

2. Near shading from trees and buildings

If the site does not have any large/tall structures or buildings nearby nor large/tall trees on the

East, South or West sides of the site that may shade the modules as the sun moves through

the day or over the seasons.

3. Inter-row shading between rows

By simulating the celestial motion of the sun in hourly time steps throughout the year, PV

SYST calculates the annual loss due to inter-row shading. The distance between the rows is

determined by analyzing various parameters such as the height at which the panels are

mounted, the angle to the horizon, etc. and it is ensured that one row of panels do not

produce any shading on the subsequent row of panels.

We understand from the satellite imagery provided that the site is quite flat with no hills in the

vicinity. Horizon shading is therefore expected to be insignificant.

Near shading at the project site is caused by inter-row shading. By simulating the celestial

motion of the sun in hourly time steps throughout the year, PVSYST calculates the annual

loss due to inter-row shading.

INCIDENT ANGLE LOSSES

The incidence angle loss or “Incidence Angle Modifier” (IAM) accounts for losses in radiation

penetrating the front glass of the PV modules due to angles of incidence other than

perpendicular. For horizontally mounted PV modules the IAM losses may be expected to be

30


larger than the losses experienced with dual axis tracking systems, for example. The loss

derives from the ratio of direct and diffuse radiation, sun angles and the tilt of the modules.

LOW RADIANCE LOSS

The conversion efficiency of a PV module reduces at low light intensities. This causes a loss

in the output of a module compared with the standard conditions at which the modules are

tested (1000 W / m2). This “low irradiance loss” depends on the characteristics of the module

and the intensity of the incident radiation. The low irradiance loss is calculated within the

PVSYST simulations.

MODULE TEMPERATURE

The characteristics of a PV module are determined at standard temperature conditions of

25°C. For every °C temperature rise above 25°C there is reduction in performance of

modules. This temperature dependent performance differs for different PV technologies. The

performance of crystalline silicon module reduces by ~ 0.45% and that of CdTe module

reduces by ~ 0.25% (based on module temperature). In high ambient temperatures under

strong irradiance, module temperatures can rise substantially. Wind can provide some cooling

effect, which PVSYST models from simulated wind speed data.

MODULE QUALITY

Most PV modules do not match exactly the manufacturer’s nominal specifications. Modules

are sold with a nominal peak power and a given tolerance within which the actual power is

guaranteed to lie. In practice PV modules usually lie below the nominal power but within the

tolerance.

The specifications of the chosen modules for this project have a performance tolerance of

+10% / -5% respectively. The energy yield calculations have been carried out using a 1.5%

and 2.5% tolerances which is used in PVSYST simulations to generate the “module quality”

yield loss factor. The module quality loss quantifies the impact on energy yield due to

difference in the actual module characteristics from the specification.

MODULE MISMATCH

Losses due to “mismatch” are related to the fact that the real modules in an array do not all

strictly present the same current/voltage profiles: there is a statistical variation between them.

This gives rise to a power loss, which is quantified by the module mismatch yield loss factor. A

31


mismatch loss factor has been estimated, based on the performance of similar PV power

plants. It is taken as a constant during the simulation.

DC CABLE RESISTANCE

Electrical resistance in the wires between the power available at the modules and at the

terminals of the array gives rise to ohmic losses (I²R). This loss increases as temperatures

exceed 25°C. If cable is correctly sized this loss should be less than 2% annually. A general

wiring loss fraction of 1.2% at standard test conditions is assumed.

INVERTER PERFORMANCE

The inverters used at Solar PV plant convert from DC into AC with a maximum efficiency of

98.7%. However, depending on the inverter load, they will not always operate at maximum

efficiency. For this project values are taken from the inverter specifications. PV syst constructs

a profile considering the power threshold indicated by the Inverter manufacturer to arrive at

the annual inverter performance.

AC LOSSES

AC wiring, when correctly sized should lead to losses generally less than 1.5%. Larger losses

may arise in the transformers but should generally total less than 3%. Ohmic losses in the

cable leading to the substation will depend on the distance to the substation and the location

of the metering system.

DOWNTIME

Downtime depends on the diagnostic response time, stock of spare equipment and the repair

response time. A yield loss factor of 0.995 is suitable for quantifying this loss, based on typical

performance of similar PV plants.

SOILING

Losses due to dust and bird droppings soiling the module depend on the environmental

conditions, rainfall frequency and on the cleaning strategy as defined in the O&M contract.

This loss can be relatively large compared to other loss factors but is usually less than 4%.

Unless a particularly robust cleaning strategy is employed, the soiling loss for horizontally

mounted modules may be expected to be higher than modules that are inclined, as inclined

modules will benefit more from the cleaning effect of rainwater run-off. For this project, a

soiling loss factor of 3% is assumed.

32


DEGRADATION

The performance of a PV module can decrease over time. The degradation rate is typically

higher in the first year upon initial exposure to light and then stabilizes. The extent of

degradation and the process by which it occurs varies between module technologies. An initial

degradation loss of 1% for crystalline modules and 0.7% for CdTe has been applied.

The initial degradation occurs due to defects in the cell, which are activated on exposure to

light. The subsequent degradation occurs at the module level and may be caused by:

Effect of the environment on the surface of the module e.g. pollution

Lamination defects

Mechanical stress and dampness on the contacts

Cell contact breakdown

Wiring degradation

Factors affecting the degree of degradation include the quality of materials used in

manufacture, the manufacturing process, and also the O&M regime employed at the

site.

CIVIL ENGINEERING ASPECTS

This section details the facilities envisaged for the proposed solar power plant in terms of Civil

works, water supply, painting, roads within solar arrays etc.

MOUNTING STRUCTURE

Connection of all PV module metallic frames, and mounting structures and mounting

components, to Earth Ground (bonding), will be done in compliance with all local electrical

practices and codes. A four-person crew working 8 hours per day can install over 300

modules in a day. The solar array structure will consist of the following types of material:

1. Angle Section – 50 x 50 x 4 L

2. Square Tube – 72 x 72 x 3.2

3. Square section – 49.5 x 49.5 x 2.6

The specifications for the materials mentioned above will be as follows:

1. Structural Steel will conform to IS 2062-2006. Yst = 250 N/mm^2

2. Structural Steel – (tubes) conform to IS 4923: 1997, Yst = 310 N/mm^2

3. Bolts & Nuts will conform to IS: 12427-2001 for dimensions & IS 1367(part-3)-2002 for

mechanical properties.

33


4. Galvanizing will conform to IS 2629-1985 & IS: 4759-1996.

The module mounting structures that are earth grounded will have a foundation laid (for an

uneven terrain) to hold the structures in place. The specifications for this foundation will be,

1. An M20 grade of concrete

2. Fe 415 Grade Reinforcement

3. IS-456:2000 Foundation design code

ROADS FOR THE PV PLANT

The road leading to the Solar PV substation will be 3.75 m wide. There will be a road outside

the switchyard fenced area; this road will measure around 2 m. The roads will have 75 mm

thick Premix bituminous carpet. The roads in between the arrays will be laid in a convenient

manner as to ensure easy manual cleaning by the maintenance personnel.

Sub-grade composed of clay, fine sand or other soils that may be forced up into the coarse

aggregate during rolling operation, an insulation layer of suitable thickness of granular

materials or over size brick aggregate not less than 10 cm thick will be provided for blanketing

the sub-grade, which will be paid for separately, unless otherwise specified. In slushy soils or

in areas that are water logged, special arrangements will be made to improve the sub-grade

and the total pavement thickness will be designed after testing the properties of the sub grade

soil. Necessary provision for the special treatment required will be made in the project and

paid for separately.

The road will be laid with a power road roller of 8 to 12 tones. The roller will be run over the

sub grade till the soil is evenly and densely consolidated and behaves an elastic mass (the

roller will pass a minimum of 5 runs on the sub grade). All undulations in the surface that

develop due to rolling will be made good with material or quarry spoils as the cases may be

and the sub-grade is rerolled.

FENCING

FENCING MATERIAL USED

Steel tube pole = 60 mm dia (with rain cap)

Height = 2.75 m

Pole Foundation size = 300 X 800 mm

Network in mesh size = 40 X 40 mm

34


End & corner poles with diagonal = 49 mm dia

Spacing between poles = 2.5 m

Spacing of diagonal poles = @ 7 m interval

SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE FENCING MATERIAL

1. Structural Steel will conform to IS 2062-2006. Yst = 210 N/mm^2

2. Structural Steel – (tubes) conform to IS 4923: 1997, Yst = 210 N/mm^2

3. Bolts & Nuts will conform to IS: 12427-2001 for dimensions & IS 1367(part-3)-2002 for

mechanical properties.

4. Galvanizing will conform to IS 2629-1985 & IS: 4759-1996.

5. Galvanized steel barbed wire for fencing IS 278:1978

6. Wire mesh size 40 x 40 mm, Width – 2.5 m, length – 6.0 m (Rolled)

7. The steel wire mesh confirms to IS: 280-1978 and Hot dip zinc coating is more than

150 gms /m2.

8. It should be single twist in kite/Rhombus type mesh fabric confirms to IS: 2721- 1979.

Tensile strength ranges from 44 kg/mm2.

FENCING FOUNDATION

1. Grade of concrete used for Fencing pole = M20

2. Foundation design code IS-456:2000.

CABLE TROUGHS IN THE ARRAY YARD

Cables in the array will be laid direct in ground at a depth of 1000 mm in the excavated

troughs along the approved route and covered with sand cushion. A continuous single brick

protective layer of brick will be placed over the entire length of the underground cable before

refilling the trough with loose soil. Alternatively, 6” wide continuous layer of 1 ½” thick concrete

cable markers will also be provided as protective cable cover. Drains, sewerage lines, entry or

exit points of the building or where there are chances of mechanical damage, only terminate

cable joints is done. No cable joints to join two cable ends are done.

CONTROL ROOM

For the operation & maintenance of Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant office cum store building

and security house have been proposed. The building will be constructed with RCC (Re-

inforced Cement Concrete) framed structure with brick partition walls. The construction of the

same will be as under

35


RCC WORKS

All RCC works will be as per IS 456 and the materials used viz. Cement reinforcement; steel

etc. will be as per relevant standards.

BRICK WORKS

Brick works in cement mortar (cm) 1:6 for 9" thick and 4½" thick wall respectively. All brick

works will be using bricks of approved quality as per IS 3102.

Doors & Ventilators

Steel framed doors and ventilators will conform to IS – 1081 with necessary glass panels

including of all fixtures and painting.

Plastering

Plastering in cement mortar 1:5, 1:6 and 1:3 will be applied to all internal, external walls and

ceiling of slab respectively as per IS 1542.

Flooring

Flooring for stores will be of cement flooring in concrete mix 1:2:4 using 10 mm aggregates as

per IS 2571. Flooring for office building, security house and erectors hostel will be of vitrified

tiles 8 mm. For toilet area, the floor will be of ceramic tiles 8 mm thicknesses. The wall tiles

will be glazed tiles of 6 mm thickness and provided up to lintel level.

Roofing

The roof of the building will be insulated and waterproofing will be done as per relevant IS

standards.

Plinth Protection

Plinth protection 1000 mm wide will be provided around all the buildings.

Painting

Painting work will conform to IS 6278. For distempering IS 427 will be referred. For synthetic

enamel painting IS 428 will be followed. For cement painting IS 5410 will be followed and for

painting of steel doors and ventilators IS 2338, IS 1477 (Part I & II) will be followed.

Rolling Shutters

Rolling shutters made of cold rolled strips will conform to IS 4030 with approved gauge

thickness will be provided with all fixtures, accessories, painting all etc. complete.

36


Water Supply

GI pipes of Medium quality will conform to IS 1239 (Part I) and IS 1795 for Mild Steel pipes will

be used for all water supply and plumbing works.

Plumbing and Sanitary

Sanitary fittings, which include water closet (EWC/IWC), wash basins, sink, urinal fitting

including flushing tank, and necessary plumbing lines will be provided for office cum stores

building and Security house and erectors hostel.

Electrification of Building

Electrification of buildings will be carried out as per IS 732 and other relevant standards. The

lighting design of the buildings will be carried out as per IS 3646. The building will be provided

with adequate quantity of light fittings, 5A/ 15A 1 phase sockets, fans etc.

Site Drainage and Sewerage System of Building

1. The maximum velocity for pipe drains and open drains will be limited to 2.4 m/sec and 1.8

m/sec respectively. However, minimum non-silting velocity of 0.6 m/ sec will be ensured.

Longitudinal bed slope not milder than 1 in 1000 will be provided.

2. For design of RCC pipes for drains and culverts, IS: 456 and IS: 783 will be followed.

3. Adequate protection will be given to site surfaces, roads, ditches, culverts, etc. to prevent

erosion of material by water.

4. The drainage system will be adequate without the use of cable/ pipe trenches.

5. For pipe drains, concrete pipe of class NP2 will be used. However, for road crossings etc.

higher strength pipe of class NP3 will be provided. Manholes will be provided at every

30m interval, at connection points and at every change of alignment.

6. Open surface drains will be rectangular in cross-section constructed with 380 mm thick

size brick masonry walls in cement mortar 1:6 including 75 mm thick bed concrete of

grade 1:4:8, 50 mm thick coping in CC of grade 1:3:6 and 20 mm thick neat cement

plaster 1:6 for all exposed faces of masonry and concrete OR RCC in M20 grade

concrete with walls and raft including lean concrete bed of 75 mm thick PCC 1:4:8,

necessary earth work, filling, disposal of surplus soil etc., complete. For expansive soils

the guide lines of IS: 9451 will be followed.

7. For peripheral / boundary drains the clear width and depth will be minimum 600 / 450 (W)

mm and 500 / 400 (D) mm respectively.

8. The longitudinal gradient of not less than 1 in 1000 will be provided.

9. In general, effluent drainage will be through buried concrete pipes and all storm water

drainage will be through open drains/ pipe drains. Open storm water drains will be

37


provided all along the boundaries and on both sides of the roads and will be designed to

drain entire free and covered areas and road surface.

10. Pipe drains will be connected through manholes at an interval of max. 30m.

11. Invert of the drainage system will be decided in such a way that the water can easily be

discharged above the High Flood Level (HFL) outside substation boundary at suitable

location. Pumps for drainage of water (if required) will be provided.

12. The pre-cast manholes will be preferred against cast-in-situ type. The drainage scheme

may either employ open drain system or underground pipe system or a combination of

both. A manhole will be provided at every turn, corner in case of underground type in

addition to the normal requirements.

13. Effluents from the water closet/ Urinals will be conveyed by pipe drains up to septic tank.

The location of the septic tank and soak pit will be within the station yard or outside the

yard as decided. Septic tank and soak pit for 20 users in all types of soil / rock.

14. For drain in B.C soil/ expansive soil and in filled-up soils, suitable soil strengthening

methods such as providing sand cement bed with 10% cement, sand and boulder filling

etc., will be provided.

OPERATION & MAINTENANCE

While preventative maintenance reduces the probability of outages, any PV system

experiences outages and performance degradations, due to un-controlled factors such as

disturbances in the utility grid, equipment failure, soiling, etc. Effective monitoring enables fast

dispatch of service crews to minimize production losses and maximize solar savings. Unlike

other solar energy providers who rely on off-the-shelf monitoring solutions, SunEdison has

developed unique technology, infrastructure and processes for solar monitoring and service

response.

Figure -9 depicts Sun Edison’s service structure which is classified under the following four

segments:

Renewable Operations Center (ROC)

SunEdison Energy & Environmental Data System (SEEDS)

Production Assurance Service

Client Connect

38


Figure -9: SunEdison Service Architecture

Renewable Operations Center (ROC)

SunEdison Services was formed for the purpose of maximizing uptime and performance for

systems owned and operated by SunEdison. Highly capable and trained technicians are

dispatched by a centralized monitoring center called Renewables Operation Center (or ROC)

which monitors the plant performance on a real-time basis through SEEDS platform. The

service dispatch is prioritized based on severity of the problem as diagnosed remotely by the

ROC staff. Remote monitoring by ROC also minimizes the time to repair by pre-diagnosing

the problem even before a service personnel has reached the site. This combination of quick

response and faster repairs allows SunEdison to realize its goal of maximizing plant uptime

and performance.

Figure -10: Renewable Operations Center

Each PV system is equipped with revenue-grade meters that meet and exceed the accuracy

requirements of every solar program and public utility commission. We also install a revenue-

39


grade facility meter to measure net energy usage at the facility interconnection so we can

measure the overall energy usage of your facility and calculate your solar savings.

SunEdison Energy & Environmental Data System (SEEDS)

Our SEEDS gateway collects information from both generation and facility meters. It is also

connected to the PV inverter(s) and one or several weather station(s) measuring irradiance,

ambient temperature, PV module temperature and wind speed. The monitoring information is

sent every 15 minutes to the SunEdison’s ROC, where our staff monitors the performance of

every site in the SunEdison PV fleet 24 / 7. In case of an outage or unexpected performance

degradation, an auto alert is generated which is attended by the ROC staff almost

immediately. ROC staff will then diagnose and qualify the problem remotely and if on-site

maintenance is needed they will create a service ticket to quickly dispatch a service crew. The

root cause and failure areas are documented for every ticket which allows SunEdison to

minimize/eliminate repeat problems by preempting the corrective actions. With a nearby

regional office, SunEdison has an unmatched ability to address issues in an expeditious

manner.

Product Assurance Service

SunEdison Solar Production Assurance Services actively monitors your systems so they can

achieve optimal performance to increase energy savings and deliver a faster return on your

investment. SunEdison gives you the peace of mind that your systems are operating at peak

performance.

Services include site inspection, monitoring, and preventative maintenance that will enable

your system to ultimately produce more solar energy. After an initial site inspection by a

SunEdison certified technician, we provide you a detailed list of recommendations to optimize

your system performance. SunEdison will also install state-of-the-art monitoring components

to give you access to production data and 24/7 monitoring.

40


Figure -11: Hourly PV System Output

A system’s performance can be increased by as much as 32% by cleaning dirty panels,

tightening loose connections, and addressing inverter issues.

Figure -11 depicts an example where the output was increased by 185,600 kWh annually.

Based on the PG&E A6 tariff rate of 16.5 cents per kWh, SunEdison Production Assurance

services would have saved this system $30,624 annually. Keeping your system running at

peak performance saves money and optimizes your return on investment. Poor maintenance

can void system warranties and expose you to liabilities.

Client Connect

Client Connect is an online portal that allows you to monitor your solar power system

performance in 15-minute intervals and provides you seamless access to production data and

environmental savings. With Client Connect, you can easily generate and export reports that

demonstrate system and environmental savings across all of your facilities. Refer section

WEB BASED MONITORING for details about Client Connect.

QUALITY INSPECTION AT SITE

When SunEdison completes a PV system, we conduct a walk-through with the host

customer’s Facilities Operations Manager (or equivalent). We discuss specific details such as

the start-up and shut-down of the system, the location of all PV equipment, and the safety

considerations associated with a PV system.

We will submit sufficient and self explanatory documentation1 which will include,

1. Detailed operations manual

41


2. Safety Manual

3. Safety Placards / Boards

We find it valuable to train the host customer maintenance personnel in the basic operation of

the system, so that they are able to undertake basic checks and inform SunEdison personnel

of any potential issues. For any advanced troubleshooting maintenance, SunEdison qualified

personnel will be sent on-site.

The SunEdison preventative maintenance program includes a yearly site quality inspection

that assesses over 150 components of the PV system in five functional areas, inverter

maintenance consistent with warranty requirements, regular panel cleanings using

biodegradable cleansers and non-abrasive brushes, plant removal for flat rooftop systems and

landscaping in the case of ground mounted systems. Table -3 lists some sample parameters

for inspecting the site quality.

Table -3: Sample Site Quality Inspection Summary

Area of Investigation

Number of Items

Checked Example of Specific Components

Electrical Systems 78 Panel, Inverter, System Disconnects, Coupling, Combiners, Junction Boxes, Wiring

Mechanical Infrastructure 35

Racking, Module Mounting, Inverter Shade Structure, Inverter Pad

Monitoring System 18 General Infrastructure, Specific Monitoring Devices, Weather Station

Metering 15 General Infrastructure, Specific Components

General Site Conditions 6 Cleanliness, Safety Access etc.

Specific maintenance may vary greatly due to site conditions, but in general, SunEdison

provides: remote monitoring, service dispatch, soilage inspection (washing panels),

mechanical inspection, electrical inspection, modules inspection, inverters and transformer

inspection. Table -4 illustrates a description and timeline of preventative maintenance

activities. The exact scope of the O & M and the relevant timelines attached with each activity

will be explained in the O & M manual delivered at the time of commissioning of the project.

Table -4: Operations & Maintenance Activities

Insta

llati

on

Ho

url

y

Sh

ift

Wis

e

Daily

Weekly

Fo

rtn

igh

tly

Mo

nth

ly

Qu

art

erl

y

Half

Yearl

y

Yearl

y

Quality Control

System validation, identify problem areas, establish

warranty

Monitor System Remotely Identify and trouble shoot under-performing Systems

Service Dispatch

Repair / remove/ mitigae sources of downtime to improve

energy output, document warranty compliance

Soilage Inspection Wash systems to enhance output

Shading Inspection Identify / Remove any shading of the PV array

Mechanical Inspection

Identify damage & / or wear to support structures and

attachments

Electrical Inspection

Identify damage & / or dislocation fo wiring, raceway &

switchgear systems. Verify that proper clearances are

maintained for access & operation.

Modules Inspection

Identify / mitigate physical damage or degradation of

array.

(Check for cracks, discoloration, hot-spots etc.)

Inverters & Transformers Inspection

Ensure proper operation & placement of inverters,

indicators, displays, clearances, signage, doors, panels,

locks, etc.

Timeline

Action Taken Description of Maintenance

42


TRAINING

The installation of solar PV Systems requires a set of skills which are not widely available in

the current marketplace. For this purpose, SunEdison trains the workforce which will power

the renewable energy economy.

With respect to the current site, the Facility Manager and other necessary facility staff will be

trained by SunEdison personnel on basic operation of the PV system, emergency shut-off,

safety manuals, module cleaning and the like. This will enable the customer to operate the

plant at maximum efficiency and also address any situation requiring immediate attention.

WARRANTY

Our mechanical structures, electrical works including power conditioners, and overall

workmanship of the SPV power plant are warranted against any manufacturing /design /

installation defects for a minimum of five years. The PV modules used in the power plant are

warranted for their output peak watt capacity which is not less than 90% at the end of 10 years

and 80% at the end of 25 years.

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

The project is planned to be implemented at the earliest. The most essential aspect regarding

the implementation of this project is to ensure that the project is completed within the

schedule, spanning 6 months from the placement of purchase order after the signing of the

PPA. A good planning, scheduling, and monitoring program is imperative to complete the

project on time and without cost overruns. The project zero date starts once the kick- off

meeting has taken place and the advance payment has been received.

43


It is envisaged that the project will have the below mentioned phase of activities. These

phases are not mutually exclusive; to implement the project on fast track basis some degree

of overlapping is envisaged.

Figure-12: Project Schedule

Refer Annexure IV for a detailed timeline proposed for this project.

PROPOSED ORGANIZATION CHART

S

SunEdison has a highly experienced team that has pioneered and perfected the process of

developing and maintaining turnkey solar PV systems. We employ in-house electrical and

structural crews who work exclusively in the PV industry.

44


T These technicians are deeply experienced with PV technologies, and are well acquainted with

the particular nuances of their unique regulatory and climatic environment. SunEdison only

subcontracts with companies that share our commitment to the long-term value of the solar

arrays. Error! Reference source not found. depicts the proposed organization structure of

his project based on these factors only.

POWER EVACUATION

1. Power from the proposed power plant would be evacuated through a 33 kV substation

which will be interconnected to the proposed substation of 33/11 kVA of APCPDCL GRID

situated at Choutuppal.

SALE OF POWER

2. It is proposed to sell upto100 % power through 3rd Party Sale as per the Andhra Pradesh

Solar power policy with a Min 10 Years long term PPA route with the support of REC

Mechanism.

CONSTRUCTION FACILITIES

Construction Materials

3. Construction materials required for the construction of the proposed power plant would be

procured from nearby sources.

Construction Power

4. Construction power of 800/1000 kVA would be required and same would be met from the

grid power supply available at 11 kV level from the nearby sub-station and then stepping it

down to the 415 V level to be used at the plant end.

Construction Water

5. Construction water of about 500 liters/day would be required, which could be met from

tankers.

45


ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

6. Environmental clearance for the proposed the proposed 1 MW Solar PV Project is

exempted from MoEF and from State Pollution Control Board. But keeping in view of the

state Pollution control board regulations the project is applied for Consent for

Establishment and Consent from Operation which will be issued from State PCB

7. Effluents from the power plant like drainage water would be led to common guard pond for

collection and treatment, and would be recycled. Zero discharge philosophy would be

adopted.

8. Rain water harvesting measures would be adopted in the proposed plant for conservation

of rain water. Rain water from the buildings roofs would be collected in collection tanks of

suitable capacity and would be supplied for plant use as well as gardening purposes.

9. Necessary measures would be taken to limit the noise levels within the permissible limits

in the premises and at the plant boundary.

10. Green belt, as required by regulations would be considered within the premises.

11. In view of the above measures no significant impact on environment is expected due to

the installation of proposed power plant.

PROJECT COST AND TARIFF

12. The estimated project cost for the proposed power plant of 1 MW Solar PV Project with

Poly Crystalline from Tier 1 Supplier works out to Rs10.32 crores including taxes, interest

during construction and financing charges.

13. Accordingly the cost of generation is Rs 6.38 / kWh for first year of operation.

PROJECT SCHEDULE

14. Based on expected deliveries of main plant and equipment, project implementation period

will be 6 months from zero date to commercial operation date for the 1 MW Solar PV

Power Plant unit as indicated in the project milestone schedule, Exhibit-12.

46


RECOMMENDATIONS

15. Certain details of the proposed power plants are provided in this report to enable VGEPL

for initiating further actions on the project. These activities by VGEPL are listed below,

which are required by the prospective project developer to prepare their technical and

financial offer for the project.

i. Submit application to Andhra Pradesh State PCB authorities for CFE and CFO for

the plant capacity of 1 MW.

ii. To conduct detailed topographic survey of the identified land and the land in the

vicinity so as to firm up actual coordinates and extent of land.

iii. To carryout detailed soil and geo-technical investigations to ascertain safe bearing

capacity and to conclude type of foundations viz. open type foundations or pile

foundations.

iv. Initiate discussions with prospective Indian Financial Institutions, Foreign Financial

Institutions, external commercial borrowing agencies, Indian commercial banks

and reputed main plant equipment suppliers.

Sl.No.Task Name Month -->

1 SIGNING OF PPA

2 Financial Closure

3 Engineering

Preparation of Plant Layout

Preparation of basic civil drawings/layout

Preparation of P&I drawings

Preparation of Engg (Fabrication) drawings

4Preparation of Tender Specification, NIT,

Evaluation & Award of Contract, Civil & E&M

5 Procurement

Placement of the Order

6 Civil Works

Site Preparation

Construction of site office

Construction of module mounting structures

Construction of control room

Installation of module mounting structures

Installation of modules

Erection of elec. Components and cabling

Erection of power evacuation system

Erection of Grid synchronisation system

7 Installation

8 Testing

9 Commissioning

10 Training

11 Start of Commercial Production

1 2 3 4 5 6

47


v. Carry out electrical system studies to establish power evacuation schemes and

selection of sub-station.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

GENERATOR BUS DUCT

1. The terminals of the generator will be connected to the respective generator

transformer through Isolated Phase Bus Duct (IPBD) of adequate short circuit

withstand capability with suitably rated tap-offs to the unit auxiliary transformer. The

bus duct will be natural air cooled and will run partly indoors and partly outdoor. The

bus duct installation will be complete with generator line side and neutral side current

transformers and line side voltage transformers required for protection and metering.

The surge protection equipment consisting of LA's with suitable discharge

characteristics to suit generator basic insulation level will be provided. The rating of

the generator bus duct will be as furnished in Table - VII.2 below.

Table - VI.2

Generator Bus Duct

S. No. Parameters Busduct

1 Type of Bus Duct IPBD

2 Type of cooling Natural air cooled

3 Nominal service Voltage/frequency 11 kV/50 Hz

4 Rated Voltage (or as per Alternator manufacture's standard rating)

12 kV

5 Continuous current rating 2250A

6 Basic impulse insulation level (1.2/ 50 micro-sec)

75 kV (peak)

7 Bus bar conductor material Aluminium as per IS 5082

8 VT and SP cubicle

(a) Voltage transformer 11000V /V3 / 110 V /V3 / 110 V / V3, 3 nos., 100 VA / ph

(b) Lightning Arrestor 12 kV Gapless Zinc oxide with nominal discharge current of 10 kA.

(c) Surge capacitor 12 kV capacitance 0.25 pF at 50 Hz

GENERATOR TRANSFORMER

48


2. The generator will be connected to the 33 kV switchyard through the generator

transformer (GT). The rating and other details of the generator transformer are as in

Table - VI.3

Table - VI.3 Generator Transformer

Sl. No. Particulars Rating

1. Type of cooling ONAN / ONAF / OFAF

2. Rating 3 Phase 90/120/150 MVA (ONAN/ONAF/OFAF)

3. No load voltage ratio 11 kV / 33 kV

4. Vector group YNd1

5. Percentage impedance 12.5%

6. Type of tap changer On Load

7. Tap range -10% to +10% in steps of 1.25%

8. Impulse voltage withstand (1.2/ 50 micro-sec)

HV: 450 kV peak.

9. Terminal connection HV side Terminals on bushings for overhead line connection.

MV Side Throat type with matching flanges for connection to IPBD.

10. Applicable standard IS 2026

EVACUATION OF POWER

3. It is proposed to evacuate the power at 33 kV through the proposed APCPDCL

substation. Start-up power will be obtained from 33/11 kVA Choutuppal APCPDCL

Grid in Nalgonda District of Andhra Pradesh by back charging the 33 kV lines. 33 kV

switchyard will have the following bays:

a) Generator transformer bays 1 No

b) Line bays 2 No’s

c) Station Transformer bays 2 No’s

d) Bus Coupler bay 1 No

e) Transfer bus coupler bay 1 No

f) Total number of bays 7 No’s

49


33 kV SWITCHYARD

4. Two main buses with two lines and one transfer bus are proposed for the 132 kV

switchyard to evacuate the power. The details of the switching scheme is shown in

Exhibit-09.The switchyard equipment i.e., breakers, isolators, current transformers

and buses will be rated for a short circuit current rating of 40 kA for 1 second. The

technical parameters of the switchyard are indicated in Table - VI.4 below.

5. For each of the outgoing lines, precision energy metering will be provided. It is

proposed to provide dedicated 2 core CTs and 2 core EMVTs of accuracy class 0.2S

for tariff metering purpose for each line. The metering panel will be located near the

tariff CTs / EMVTs such that the length of the metering cable is kept to a minimum to

reduce errors in energy recording. Main metering panel shall be provided by

APCPDCL and space will be provided adjacent to this metering panel to enable client

to install check metering for their verification. The metering panel will have ABT

(Availability Based Tariff) energy meters with 0.2S accuracy class

6. Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC) system shall be provided for data and

voice communication, carrier aided protection, telemetry, telecontrol and monitoring

purposes. Each end of transmission line shall be provided with identical PLCC

equipment. PLCC system shall be provided for all the lines. The carrier current

equipment comprises of coupling capacitor, line trap unit, tuning unit, data &

communication panels.

7. Auxiliary power supply to the unit auxiliaries will be through unit auxiliary transformer

connected directly to the generator through isolated phase bus duct. Power supply to

station auxiliaries will be supplied through station transformer. Startup power for the

unit auxiliaries will be supplied through station buses 1 & 2. Once the unit is started

and the generator picks up rated speed and voltage, 33 kV GT breaker is closed

after synchronizing with the grid and the unit loads will be fed transferred to unit

auxiliary transformer. The station switchgears will provide standby supply to the unit

switchgear so that in the event of outage of unit auxiliary transformer or during start-

up /coasting of the unit, the station transformers can feed the unit auxiliary loads.

Unit Auxiliary Transformer (UAT)

8. One two winding unit auxiliary transformer will be provided for the unit to feed unit

auxiliary loads. The details of UAT are indicated in Table - VII.5 below. The unit

50


auxiliary transformer will supply power to the 6.6kV unit switchgear as shown in

enclosed Exhibit - 9. As far as possible, the unit auxiliary loads will be distributed

equally on each 6.6 kV bus such that in case of outage of any one bus, it will still be

possible to operate the unit at partial load.

Service Transformers

9. Adequate number of 2 x 100% service transformers will be provided for both unit and

station loads depending on service / location and grouping of the loads. These

transformers will be rated at 2000 / 1600 / 1250 / 630 KVA, 6.6 kV / 420 V with a

vector group of Dyn11. They will supply power to the 400 V auxiliaries of the unit,

auxiliaries of ash handling system, coal handling, fuel oil pumps, cooling towers, CW

system, AC system, water treatment system and clarified pump house loads. The

neutral of these transformers will be solidly earthed. The transformers will be

provided with + / - 5% off-circuit taps in steps of 2.5% on the HV side. The details of

service transformers are indicated in Table-VII.5.

Table - VI.5

Unit Auxiliary Transformer / Service Transformers

Sl. No Particulars Unit Auxiliary Transformer

Unit Service Transformer

Other Service Transformers

1. MVA rating 10/15 See enclosed key SLD

See enclosed key SLD

2. Type of cooling ONAN /ONAF ONAN ONAN

3. No load voltage ratio

11 kV / 6.9 kV 6.6 kV / 420 V 6.6 kV / 420 V

4. Vector group Dyn11 Dyn11 Dyn11

6. Type of tap changer

Off circuit Off-circuit Off-circuit

7. Tap range and Steps.

+/-5% in steps of 2.5% +/-5% in steps of 2.5%

+/-5% in steps of 2.5%

8. Impulse withstand (1.2/50 micro-sec.)

HV: 75 kV peak LV : 60 kV peak

HV: 60 kV peak HV: 60 kV peak

9. Power frequency withstand HV/LV

HV: 28 kV rms LV : 20 kV rms

HV: 20kVvrms/ LV: 3kV rms

HV: 20kV rms / LV: 3kV rms

10. Applicable standards

IS 2026

Station Transformer (ST)

10. It is proposed to draw unit start-up power and station auxiliary power from 33 kV

switchyard of APCPDCL by providing two station transformers of capacity 5MVA

51


each. It has been proposed keeping in view that unit will get start-up power during

outage of any one ST. The details of ST are indicated in Table VII.5 below.

11. Station transformer-1 will supply power to the 6.6 kV station bus1 and station

transformer-2 will supply power to station bus 2 as shown in enclosed Exhibit-9. The

station transformer will also supply unit loads during starting & coasting of unit. The

unit load will be automatically switched to station supply through fast changeover

scheme provided between station and unit switchgear whenever units trip.

Table - VI.7 Station Transformers

Sl No Particulars Rating

1 Type of cooling ONAN/ONAF

2 Rating 5/10 MVA

3 Winding Two winding

4 No load voltage ratio 220/6.9kV

5 Vector group YN0yn0

6 Percentage impedance 12.5%

7 Type of tap changer On-load

8 Tap range -10% to +10 % in steps of 1.25 %

9 Impulse voltage withstand (1.2/ 50 micro-sec)

HV: 450 kV peak.

10 Terminal connection HV Side LV Side

Terminals on bushings for overhead Line connection SPBD

11 Applicable Standard IS 2026

6.6 kV Switchgear

12. 6.6 kV system will be medium resistance earthed with earth fault current limited to

400 A. The switchgear will be rated for symmetrical fault current of 40 kA for 1

second. The 6600 V switchgear will comprise draw-out type Vacuum / SF6 circuit

breakers housed in indoor, metal-enclosed cubicles and will cater to all 6.6 kV

motors and 6.6 kV / 420 V transformers. The switchgear will be equipped with

control, protection, interlock and metering features as required. Separate 6.6 kV

switchgear will be provided for the Unit & Station loads as shown in the SLD. All

motor feeders will be provided with circuit breakers. Technical parameters of 6.6kV

switchgear are given in Table-XII.6 below.

Table - VI.6

6.6kV Switch Gear


52


1.0 Switch gear

1.1 Nominal system voltage, phases and frequency

6600 V, 3 Phase, 50 Hz

1.2 System Neutral Earthing Non effectively earthed

1.3 Power frequency with stand / impulse withstand (1.2 / 50 micro- sec).

20 kV rms / 60 kV peak.

1.4 Short time withstand / dynamic rating 40 kA for 1.0 sec / 100 kA peak.

1.5 Applicable standards IS 3427

2.0 Circuit breaker

2.1 Type Vacuum / SF6, draw out type

2.2 Operating duty 0 - 3 min - CO-3 min-CO.

2.3 Rated current As required

2.4 Rated breaking / making current 40 kA rms / 100 kA peak.

2.5 Short time rating 40 kA for 1.0 sec.

2.6 Mechanism Motor charged spring closing

3.0 HRC Fuses

3.1 Type Current limiting HRC fuses

3.2 Application Short-circuit protection of 6.6 kV motor feeders with vacuum contactors

3.3 Symmetrical Breaking capacity 40 kA rms


400V System

13. The 400V, 3 phase, 3 wire power for the 400 V auxiliaries will be obtained from 6.6

kV/420V service transformers provided in each area. The system will be a solidly

earthed system, for maximum reliability, duplicate power supplies with auto

changeover facility will be provided for the essential power and motor control centers.

The 400V switchgear will be of metal enclosed design with a symmetrical short circuit

rating of 50 kA for 1 sec. All power and motor control centers will be

compartmentalized and will be of double front execution. They will be of fully draw-

out design with all circuit components mounted on a removable sheet metal chassis.

The circuit breakers will be of air break type. Generally motor starting will be direct on

line. All LT motors will be controlled by air break, electro-magnetic type contactors

provided with ambient temperature compensated, time lagged, hand reset type

thermal overload relays, having adjustable setting with built-in single phase preventer

backed up by HRC fuses for protection against short circuits. The technical

particulars of 400V switchgear are as given in Table - XII.7below.

53


Table-VI.9

400 VSwitch Gear


1.0 Switch gear and Bus bar rating

1.1 Rated voltage/No. Of phases/frequency 400 V / 3 Ph. / 50 Hz

1,2 System neutral ear thing Solidly earthed

1.3 One minute power frequency withstand voltage

(a) Power circuit 2500 V

(b) Control circuit 1500 V

(c) Aux. Circuits connected to CTs 2000 V

1.4 Maximum allowable Temperature of Bus bars

900C

1.5 Short circuit withstand of Bus bars 50 kA for 1 sec.

1.6 Dynamic rating of bus bars 120 kA peak

2.0 Circuit breakers

2.1 Type Air break, motor charged spring closing mechanism

2.2 Operating duty 0 - 3 min - CO-3 min - CO

2.3 Rated breaking current / Making current 50kA at 400V AC / 120kA peak

2.4 Short circuit withstand current 50kA for 1 sec.

3.0 Starters

3.1 Type DOL, star-delta and reversible

3.2 Contactor rated duty as per IS 2959 and IS 8544

Continuous and Intermittent

3.3 Utilization categories as per IS 2959 AC 3 and AC 4 as required


DC System

14. The unit will be provided with a 2 x 100% capacity 220 V battery bank with

associated 2 x 100% capacity float cum boost chargers, which will feed the unit DC

switchboard. 2 x 100% capacity battery with 2 x 100% float cum boost charger will be

provided for the station loads including switchyard. The incoming and outgoing

feeder circuits in DC switchboard will be provided with switch-fuse units, which will

have suitable supervisory devices against fuse failure. 220 V DC supply required for

54


ash handling system & coal handling system will be catered by a separate 2 x 100%

battery along with 2 x 100% float cum boost charger.

Emergency Power Supply

15. To enable safe unit shut down during complete A.C supply failure in the station,

certain important plant auxiliaries will be provided with a reliable A.C power supply

through a separate source. For this purpose, one (1) no suitably rated (125 kVA

approx.) diesel generator set with automatic mains failure (AMF) feature will be

provided to cater emergency loads of the unit. DG switchgear will be provided for the

DG set. From DG switchgear tie feeders will be provided to normal/emergency

switchgear. 400 V normal / emergency switch gears will cater to all the essential

loads such as the A.C emergency lube oil and jacking oil pump, scanner fans, SG

cool down equipment and related valves, UPS, battery chargers, emergency lights,

and essential instrument power supply feeders will be connected. When the normal

A.C supply is healthy, the normal / emergency switchgear will be fed from the unit

service switchgear. When the normal A.C supply fails, the DG set will start

automatically and will feed the loads connected to the normal / emergency switch

gear. When the normal A.C supply is restored, these essential loads will be manually

changed over to the normal power supply.

Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) system

16. For DCS, panel mounted instruments, CRTs, printers, analysers, recorder, etc., 110

V single phase A.C un-interruptible power supply will be made available. This power

supply will be derived from parallel redundant with static bypass un-interruptible

power supply system having two (2) sets of inverters connected to 110 V unit or

station DCDB. Also a standby regulated AC supply will be provided as a back up to

the inverters which will be switched on through static switch in case of inverter

failure.

33 kV Switchyard Protection and Control

17. The details of the protections that will be provided for the various electrical equipment

viz., Generator, Generator Transformers (GT), unit Auxiliary Transformer (UAT),

Station Transformer, service transformers, 132 kV lines, HV& LV motors, switchgear,

55


etc. are indicated below. The selection of the protective scheme will be based mainly

on reliability, sensitivity, selectivity and technical merits. All main protections will be of

fast acting type in order to isolate the faulty system from the healthy system in the

shortest possible time, to minimise damage to the equipment and ensure continuity

of power supply. Numerical type of relay for protection of generator, switchyard and

motors will be provided.

Generator Protections

18. Generator relay panel (GRP) will be provided for the unit and will be located in the

unit control room. The following protections will be provided in the GRP. The

protections will be divided into two groups; each group being 100% redundant and on

separate CTs / VTs & DC supply, so that even if one group of protections is not

available or under maintenance, the generator is protected by the other group.

Separate dead Machine protection scheme along with independent DC supply will be

provided.

Generator differential protection (87G)

Generator stator 0 - 95% earth fault protection (64 G1)

Generator stator earth fault (95 - 100%) protection (64G2)

Generator back-up stator earth fault (0-95%) protection (64G3)

Rotor earth fault protection (2 stage) (64F1 and 64F2)

Generator negative phase sequence protection (46G)

Generator reverse power protection/low forward power protection (32G/37G)

Generator loss of excitation protection (40G)

Generator pole slipping protection (78G)

Generator under frequency protection (81G)

Generator over-voltage protection (59G)

Generator backup impedance protection (21G)

Generator stator overload protection (50GS)

Generator VT fuse failure protection (60G)

Dead machine protection (61B)

Generator field over-voltage protection (59F).

Generator, Generator Transformer and Unit Transformers over-fluxing

protection (99G)

Generator inter turn protection (if required)

56


Generator Transformer Protections

19. The following protections will be provided for the Generator Transformer:

Generator transformer HV winding restricted earth fault protection (64GT)

Generator, generator transformer and unit auxiliary transformers overall

differential protection (87OA)

Generator transformer differential protection (87GT)

Generator transformer over-current protection (51GT)

Generator Transformer LBB protection(50LBB)

Generator transformer neutral over-current protection (51NGT)

Generator transformer directional inverse time over current protection (67)

Generator transformer directional inverse time earth fault protections (67N)

Buchholz (63), winding temperature (49WT), oil temperature (49OT)

protections ,OLTC Buchholz.

Generator transformer pressure relief protection (63PTX).

Generator transformer fire protection trip, oil level low, cooler trouble alarms.

Unit Auxiliary Transformer Protections

20. The protections that will be provided for the unit auxiliary transformers are:

• UAT differential protection (87UAT) and short circuit protection (50UAT)

• UAT back-up over-current protection on HV and LV sides (51 UAT) Backup

earth fault protection on LV side (51N)

• Buchholz (63T), Winding temperature (49WT) and Oil temperature (49OT)

protections.

• UAT pressure relief protection (63PTX) UAT fire protection trip (63 RTX) LV

side LBB protection(50LBB)

Station Transformer (ST) Protections

21. The following protections will be provided for the Station Transformer:

57


a) ST HV&LV winding restricted earth fault protection (64HV/LV)

b) ST differential protection (87ST)

c) Back up over -current protection on HV & LV sides (51)

d) ST neutral over-current protection (51N)

e) Buchholz (63), winding temperature (49WT) and oil temperature (49OT) protections,

OLTC Buchholz.

f) ST pressure relief protection (63PTX).

g) ST fire protection trip ( 63 RTX)

6.6 kV / 420 V SERVICE TRANSFORMER PROTECTIONS

22. The following protections will be provided for service transformers:

• Over current protection on HV and LV sides (51) and short circuit protection

(50) on HV side

• Earth fault protection on HV and LV sides (51N and 50N), LV side neutral O/C

protection.

• Buchholz (63T), Winding temperature (49WT) and Oil temperature (49OT)

protections.

132 kV Line Protections

23. The 33 kV lines will have the following protections:

a) Distance protection (21-1) with auto re-closing scheme & zone

acceleration scheme

b) Distance protection (21-2) with auto reclosing scheme & zone

acceleration scheme

c) Fuse fail relay (FFR) for each secondary of CVT

d) Directional inverse time over current & earth fault protection (67/67N)

e) Under voltage relays for live-line/dead bus and dead-line/live bus closing

and safe grid establishment (27-1, 27-2,27S)

f) Distance to fault locator (DFL), Fault Disturbance recorder (FDR)

g) No voltage protection (27-3,27-4)

h) Grid islanding protection

58


33kV Bus Bar Protection

24. Tuned (50HZ) high impedance high-speed bus fault relay is proposed for detecting

the fault on 33 kV bus. The bus bar protection scheme will have detecting elements

for each of the main bus and one check zone element. The main and check zone

elements will be connected to different secondaries of the CTs and tripping will be

initiated only when respective bus and check elements operate. Bus wire supervision

relays to guard against faults in the CT secondary wiring and bus wire shorting relay

to short CT secondary bus wires on fault are also proposed.

Local Breaker back-up (50 LBB) Protection

25. LBB protection can be as a part of main relay. The local breaker back-up protection

relay will be a triple pole over-current relay with high drop-off to pick-up ratio with fast

acting feature. This will provide protection against stuck breaker condition for the 132

kV systems. This protection will be initiated by primary fault detecting relays and time

delayed to permit the breaker to trip.

Circuit Breaker Protection

26. Circuit breaker should have two trip coils and all the trip coils of the circuit breakers

will be supervised. The following protections will also be included:

• Pole discrepancy protection

• Trip coil supervision relay for each trip coil

• Anti pumping device for breaker closing (94).

Protection of 6.6 kV Motors

27. All 6.6 kV motors will be provided with the following protections:

• Thermal overload protection Overload alarm protection Instantaneous over

current protection Locked rotor protection Negative sequence protection

• Differential protection (For motor ratings of 1000 kW and above)

• Earth fault protection

• Prolonged Bus under voltage protection

• Bearing temperature and vibration monitor

59


• Water flow monitor for CACW motors

• Lube oil pressure monitor

• Winding temperature monitor

Protection of 400 V Motors

28. Motors rated below 100 kW will have bi-metallic relays for thermal overload

protection and HRC fuses for short circuit protection. Motors rated 100 kW to 200 kW

will be provided with motor protection relays inclusive of locked rotor protection in

addition to above.

Power Supply and Lighting Circuits

29. The power supply feeders will have properly rated HRC fuses for short-circuit

protection. Lighting circuits will be protected by miniature circuit breakers.

33kV Switchyard Control

30. All breakers and isolators of 33 kV system will be controlled from DCS located in

main control room .Relay panels pertaining to switchyard will be located in the

switchyard relay room, which will be kept locked. The control panels will consists of

the following:

Mimic of bay layout Metering Facia annunciation Indicating and monitoring lamps

Cabling System

31. Power cables would be selected based on the following criteria:

• Continuous circuit current rating

• De-rating factors for ambient temperature and grouping Short circuit rating of

the circuit Voltage dip

• Standardization of cable sizes to reduce inventory

32. The following types of cables will be used:

a) For 6.6 kV system

6.6kV unearthed grade, stranded aluminium conductor, cross linked polyethylene

(XLPE) insulated, extruded black PVC inner sheathed, galvanized steel wire

60


armoured for three core or aluminium wire armoured for single core and overall

FRLS extruded black PVC sheathed cables conforming to IS : 7098.

b) For medium and low voltage system

Power cables of 1100V grade, stranded aluminium conductor, cross linked

polyethylene (XLPE) insulated, extruded black PVC inner sheathed galvanized steel

wire armoured for three cores or Aluminum wire armoured for single core and overall

FRLS extruded black PVC sheathed cables conforming to IS : 7098.

c) For control applications

1100V grade annealed high conductivity stranded copper conductor, PVC insulated,

PVC inner sheathed armoured and FRLS extruded black PVC outer sheathed cables

conforming to IS: 1554.Conductor cross section will generally by 1.5mm2.CT,PT and

switchyard control circuits will use 2.5 or 4 mm2 copper conductor cables.

d) For instrumentation applications

Stranded high conductivity annealed tinned copper conductor, multicore, PVC

insulated, flexible, twisted pair / triplets, individually and overall shielded (for low level

analog signals) and only overall shielded for digital signals, PVC inner sheathed, steel

wire armoured and overall PVC sheathed cables. All the insulation including overall

sheath would be FRLS quality Conductor cross section will be 0.5 mm2.

1.5 mm2 copper control cable would be used for cabling between MCC and Control

system. Compensating cables will be provided for connecting the thermocouple inputs

to the control system.

33. Cables would be laid in fabricated steel ladder type or perforated type cable trays in

the station and other auxiliary building and upper elevations of the steam generator

area. Between buildings, the cables would be laid in built-up trenches. Cables to

other plant areas located far off from the station building would be laid on overhead

racks.

Lighting System

61


34. Suitable illumination necessary to facilitate normal operation and maintenance

activities and to ensure safety of working personnel will be provided. This will be

achieved by artificial lighting.

35. Fluorescent fixtures will be used for illumination in switchgear rooms, offices, and

control room. A combination of high-pressure sodium vapour and fluorescent fixtures

will be used for the turbine building. For steam generator area and pump houses,

high-pressure sodium vapour lamp fixtures will be provided. The illumination levels at

different places will be maintained as per accepted norms. The lighting system will be

designed to ensure uniform illumination. Power distribution having a lighting

transformer to limit the fault current and to obtain 3 phase, 4 wire system will be

through 400V, 3 phase, 4 wire lighting distribution boards. A suitable number of

lighting panels will be located in each area. Power to the lighting panels will be

supplied from the 230V, 1 phase, 2 wire distribution. About 80% of the total light

fittings in TG building, boiler and transformer yard will be connected to the normal

230 V AC lighting supply and the balance 20% to the Normal /Emergency bus fed

from the DG set. DC emergency lights are envisaged at strategic points in the power

station viz., near entrances, staircases, control rooms, emergency switchgear area

etc. These will be fed from 220 V DC systems, which will be normally off when AC

power is available. These will be automatically switched on when the normal /

emergency AC supply fails. Outdoor and Indoor lighting will be separated and all

outdoor lightings will be controlled through automatic timer or light sensing switch to

optimise energy consumption.

Safety Earthing and Lightning Protection

36. A safety earthing system comprising buried steel conductor earthing grid will be

provided for the power station building switchyard and other outlying areas. This will

be connected to the earth grids in various buildings. The buried earth grids will be

further connected to earthing electrodes. The selection of earth conductor sizes will

be based on the applicable fault levels. Lightning protection system comprising roof

conductors, vertical air termination and down-comers will be provided for all

structures whose calculated risk index requires protection as per applicable

standards.

Communication System

62


37. For effective communication in the plant, private automatic branch exchange system

(EPABX), walkie-talkie system and P&T telephone system with the features

described below will be provided:

a) EPABX System

This system will have adequate number of push button type handset stations, central

automatic telephone exchange, etc. The handsets in the control room would be

provided with priority service facility to enable them to have immediate access to any

handset even if it is already engaged.

b) Landline basic Telephones

Necessary number of Landline telephone sets would be provided at strategic locations.

c) Walkie-talkie Systems

Wireless Walkie-talkie systems (hand-held portable, two-way radio transceivers) will be

provided for mobile communications. These systems will be of particular use during

commissioning stage as well as subsequently for convenience during maintenance.

Interface between the EPABX and walkie-talkies will be provided to enable communication

between these systems.

Fire Detection / Alarm and Fire Proof Sealing System

38. A fire alarm system will be provided to facilitate visual and audible fire detection at

the incipient stage of fire in the power station. This system will comprise manual call

points located at strategic locations in areas which are normally manned and

automatic fire detectors such as smoke detectors, optical detectors & temperature

detectors located in plant areas, such as control room, switch gear room, cable

vaults, battery rooms, etc., to detect fire at an early stage. Multi sensors will be

provided wherever applicable. Linear heat detectors will be provided for the cable

gallery and conveyors. All fire detection systems will be of the addressable type.

Fireproof sealing will be provided for all cable penetrations through walls and floors

to prevent spreading of fire from one area / floor to another. Fire retardant compound

63


will be applied to cable along the length at suitable interval having two hour fire

rating.

PLCC

39. A digitalised programmable type carrier communication system shall be provided at

33kV switchyard on each of the transmission lines for inter-tripping and

communication with remote end substation.

Clock System

40. A Clock system with one master clock and 16 clocks located at various strategic

locations of the Power Plant will be provided. The master clock pulses will also be

used for synchronizing of reference time based apparatus like sequence of events

recorder (SOE), disturbance recorders and tariff metering equipment. Synchronizing

of master clock with INSAT reference time using suitable antenna & receiver is

envisaged.

INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM

Distributed Microprocessor Based Control & Monitoring System

64


1. Microprocessor based distributed control system with state of art Man - Machine

Interface (MMI) is proposed to provide a comprehensive integrated instrumentation

and control system including the functions of Data Acquisition System (DAS) to

operate, control and monitor the steam generator and auxiliaries, steam turbine

generator and auxiliaries and the balance of plant systems with a hierarchically

distributed structure.

2. The Distributed control system (DCS) will use the state of the art technique of

functional distribution of control and monitoring to reduce the risks associated with

failure of any single controlling unit. The DCS has complete control capabilities that

include closed loop control, open loop control, computation and interfacing for data

acquisition, graphic displays, logging, annunciation, data storage, retrieval,

performance calculations and management information system. The system allows

for CRT operation from the control desk. The communication from the control desk

operators' interface to the electronic hardware is over a data highway. The system is

provided with redundancy at various levels thereby ensuring reliability of the system.

3. The distributed microprocessor based system proposed is functionally distributed. In

the functionally distributed microprocessor based system, electronic cubicles will be

located in a centralised location with operation from the control room. Remote I/O

modules are envisaged for acquiring switchyard signals in the main control room.

4. The instrumentation and control system will integrate the functions of plant

monitoring, control and information systems. The system functions will be distributed

in a hierarchical system structure to facilitate the task of integration, co-ordination

and autonomous operation of plant sub-systems / equipment depending on the plant

operation mode. The plant information system will perform the functions of data

logging, operation reports, unit performance monitoring and plant start-up and

shutdown guidance. All equipment and processes in the unit will be controlled and

monitored from central unit control room. The unit control room houses unit control

desk and related power supply and system cabinets.

5. A dedicated Microprocessor based DCS of uniform hardware with state-of-the art

MMI covering the following is envisaged

65


i. SG integral controls like burner management system, secondary air damper

control, soot blowing, high pressure by-pass system and steam temperature

control.

ii. TG integral controls like automatic steam turbine run-up system (ATRS), turbine

protection electro-hydraulic turbine controls (EHTC), automatic turbine tester

(ATT), turbine stress evaluator, low pressure by-pass system and gland steam

controls.

iii. Balance of plant controls including regenerative cycle controls.

6. Utility Packages

Utility packages like coal handling system, ash handling system, DM Plant, Air

Compressors and Fuel oil system are proposed with dedicated stand-alone I&C

system. Air conditioning system will be microprocessor-based system. Chemical

dosing system will be relay based. The control of the packages located in a control

room nearer to the respective equipment. Suitable interface (hardwired and /or serial)

will be provided with the plant I & C system in the main control room.

7. Unit Control Desk

The unit, functional group / drive level control and operation of all main plant

equipment including generator, transformers and auxiliaries will be from a set of

monitors mounted on a control desk.

8. The unit control desk (UCD) will house the following items:

a) Monitors for operation, control and monitoring of steam generator, turbine

generator and auxiliaries

b) Alarm monitors

c) Telephone handsets

9. All these monitors are supported by the following peripherals which are located in the

control room:

a) Graphic printers (colour)

b) LaserJet printers

c) Character printer (Operator's action).

66


10. The operator can perform the following operations of main plant and balance of plant

from monitors in the UCD through key boards. Emergency stop LPB's will be

provided for all drives:

a) Operation of all control valves, control dampers, motor operated valves,

interlocked isolating valves and dampers, non-interlocked isolating valves &

dampers, motor operated bypass valves of control valves, warm-up valves, drain

valves and vent valves in the steam generator, turbine generator and auxiliaries

and auxiliary electrical systems.

b) Operation of pumps and fans associated with the steam generator, turbine

generator, feed cycle and other auxiliary systems.

c) Call for plant overview, group display, individual loop display, etc. and carry out

associated control operations.

A separate monitor with keyboard will be provided for the Shift Charge Engineer.

However, plant operations from this monitor will be inhibited.

Electrical Control Panel (ECP)

11. All breakers with synchronising / check synchronisation facility will be controlled from

ECP. This will include the GT breakers, 6.6 kV incomers and bus coupler and the

415 V PMCC incomers and bus coupler and the 415 V normal/emergency switchgear

incomers. Additionally the SST HT side breakers and tie feeders from the 6.6 kV

station switchgear will be controlled from the ECP.

In addition, all the above controls will be provided in the main plant DCS.

Control Room

12. The control room is partitioned into different rooms to house the following equipment:

a. Unit Control Desk (UCD) and printers in the main control room (common).

b. Electrical control room in main control room.

c. The I&C system cabinets, electrical auxiliary cabinets, steam generator and

turbine auxiliaries system cabinets in the electronic cubicle room (separate).

67


d. Shift charge Engineer's monitor with key board and printers in Shift Charge

Engineer's room (common).

e. Maintenance Engineer's monitor with key board in MEE room and printers of

I&C, steam generator and turbine system in auxiliary electronics room

(common).

Uninterrupted Power Supply System (UPS) in UPS room (separate).

FEATURES OF I&C SYSTEM

Sequence of Events Recording System

13. Sequence of events recording system (SER) with adequate capacity will be provided

as an integral part of DCS to log trips, cause of trips and other important faults to

diagnose the cause of plant trip with a resolution of one millisecond. This will also

include switchyard inputs The system will be provided with a dedicated printer

located in the main control room.

Annunciation System

14. A Stand-alone microprocessor based annunciation system (AS) will be provided with

ISA sequence ring back feature. The system has the features of standard ISA

sequences. A limited number of annunciation windows of important alarms are

proposed to be provided in the unit control desk. Alarm prioritisation is also

envisaged. A set of annunciation push buttons will be provided in the unit control

desk.

Analytical Instruments

15. Adequate number of analytical instruments will be provided for continuous monitoring

of de-mineralised water, condensate, feed water and steam. The analysis will include

pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, hydrazine and silica measurements.

16. For remote located instruments like transmitters, tubes and fittings of appropriate

material and rating will be used. Open type transmitter racks will be provided to

group and mount all pressure, flow and level transmitters. Temperature transmitters

68


will be head mounted. Junction boxes will be provided for termination of all field

switches like pressure, temperature and level.

PROJECT EXECUTION PLANS

PROJECT SCHDULE

1. VGEPL would obtain major clearances for the project so as to invite competitive bid from

the equipment supplier for setting-up the proposed power plant at identified site.

2. The project schedule, identifying the timeline for setting-up the proposed power plant from

the order placement of main equipment.

The schedule has been prepared on the following basis:

a) Zero date for the project program has been considered as the date of placement

of order for Main Plant Equipment.

b) It has been assumed that the clearances by different agencies of the government

would be obtained prior to placement of order

3. Based on implementation of this project on multi-package basis and expected deliveries of

main plant and equipment, 4 months period from zero date to commercial operation date

(COD) has been considered for the 1 MW unit

4. The main plant equipment contractor would be selected from amongst internationally reputed

contractors through international competitive bidding. The contractor would be responsible for

detailed engineering, procurement, supervision of construction, testing, commissioning up to

satisfactory performance test and handing over. Project management services would be

handled by the experienced personnel of project developer or outsourced to an engineering

and project management services company.

TRANSPORTATION / HANDLING OF EQUIPMENT

5. The site is accessible by National Highway 16 connecting Hyderabad to Kagaz Nagar All

heavy equipment would be brought either by Road up to Plant site. In case of imported

equipment, these would be brought by ship to Visakhapatnam Port, unloaded and

transported by rail/ road to the power plant site.

69


PLANT OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

5. The proposed organisation structure for operation and maintenance (O & M) of the (1

MW) power station is presented in Exhibit - 11. In order to ensure adequate technical

competence in operation and maintenance of the power station, it is advisable to

award O&M Contract with suitable terms and conditions to a reputed professional

organisation. However, VGEPL will recruit suitable managers for managing the O&M

and other Contracts.

PRELIMINARY AND OTHER WORKS

6. To ensure timely project execution, within the cost envisaged, a great deal of

preparatory work would have to be done before the date of financial closure. However,

apart from obtaining necessary approvals and clearances, some of the important site-

related works such as site enabling works viz. temporary site office, storage sheds,

construction water and power supply would be taken up and completed early.

PROJECT COST ESTIMATES AND FINANCIAL ASPECTS

Basis of Project Cost Estimate

1. For arriving at the total project cost, multiple equipment/ system packages are

considered. The total project cost estimate includes the cost of land, equipment/ systems

cost of steam turbine generator and auxiliaries, steam generator and auxiliaries, coal/ ash

handling systems, water systems, control and instrumentation system, electrical system

and Balance of Plant required for the power plant, overheads and pre-operative

expenses, interest during construction and financing costs.

Cost of Land

2. The cost of land has been considered as Rs 50 Lakhs for 5.2 acres of land which is

privately held by the promoter director

3. Other inputs/ assumptions considered for cost estimation:

70


i. Debt Equity ratio : 70:30

ii. Annual Generated units at site : 1.8 Million units

iii. Interest rate for project Loan : 13% p.a on loan amount

iv. Rate of return on equity : 20% As per CERC

v. Financing Charges : 0.5 % of loan amount

vi. Working capital interest rate : 13%

vii. Depreciation : 5.28% for 12 years balance

Balance value for remaining

13 years with salvage of 10%

(AS Per CERC)

viii. Operation and Maintenance : O&M Charges have been

Computed for Rs

11 Lakhs/ MW/Year based on

CERC norms for the year 2013-

2014 further escalation at 5.7%

per annum has been considered

for the subsequent year of

operation

ix. Plant Load factor : 19 % As per CERC

x. Project Completion Period : 4 months

xi. Auxiliary power consumption : 3 % As per CERC

ESTIMATION OF TARIFF

4. Through 3rd Party Long Term PPA with selling price of energy of Rs 8.50 per unit is

agreed along with REC Mechanism that which works out to be Rs 12.50/Unit

Fixed Charges

5. The items of cost forming a part of the fixed charge components are:

a) Interest on term loan

b) Return on equity

71


c) Interest on working capital

d) Depreciation

e) Operation and Maintenance charges

APPENDIX – III

1 MW SOLAR PV POWER PLANT PROJECT COST ESTIMATES

Total Project Cost INR (Lakhs)

S.No Parameter

1 Land & Site development 90.00

2 Civil and general works 70.00

3 PV modules 500.00

4 Module Structures 100.00

5 Inverters, Power Conditioning units 170.00

6 Cables and Transformers 75.00

7 Prelim & preop Exp 30.00

Total 1,035.00

72


APPENDIX – IV

BASIS OF COST GENERATION

1 MW SOLAR PV POWER PLANT

S.NO PARTICULARS UNITS VALUE REMARKS

No of Units No 1

1 Installed Capacity kW 1000

2 Plant Load Factor % 20% As per CERC

3 Net Generated units/Annum Kwh 1752000

4 Auxiliary Power Consumption % 3

9 Total Project Cost without IDC INR Crores 10.35

10 Debt: Equity Ratio % 70 : 30

11 Debt Amount INR Crores 7.50 70% of project Cost

12 Rupee Term Loan (RTL) INR Crores 7.50 100% of Total Debt

13 RTL Payment Period years 10

Including 6 months Moratorium Period

73


14 Equity INR Crores 3.00 30% of project Cost

15 Domestic Long Term Interest Rate % 12.5

16 Return on Equity % 20 As per CERC

17 WC Borrowings INR Crore 0.60

18 Interest rate of WC Borrowings % 13

19 Annual O&M Cost Lakhs/MW/Year 11 As per CERC for the year 2013-14

20 O&M Cost Escalation Factor 1.0572 As per CERC

21 Depreciation Rate (10% Salvage) % 5.28 As per CERC

24 Cost per MW INR Crores 10.35

74


APPENDIX VI

1 MW SOLAR PV BASED POWER PLANT

COST OF GENERSTION FOR 15 YEARS

Note - 1

PAYBACK PERIOD

SL.NO. ITEM VALUE

(Rscrores)

1 Total EPC Cost 10.35

2 IDC, Financing & other Charges

0

3 Total Project Cost 10.50

4 Return on Equity per Annum

60.00

5 Depreciation per Annum 58.30

6 Payback Period (Refer Note 1) in Years

8

Payback = (Total Project Cost / (RoE + Depreciation))

Sr

No PARTICULARS UNITS YEARS OF OPERATION

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1.0 GENERATION

1.1 Plant installed capacity Kw 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

1.2 Annual plant load factor (PLF) 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

1.3 Annual gross generation MkWh 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752

1.5 Units sent out MkWh 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752 1.752

2.0 Tariff Components (Fixed Cost)

2.1 O& M Expences Rs in lakhs 11.00 11.63 12.29 13.00 13.74 14.53 15.36 16.24 17.17 18.15 19.19 20.28 21.44 22.67 23.97

2.2 Depreciations Rs in lakhs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2.3 Interest on Term Loan Rs in lakhs 86.07 77.46 69 60.24 51.63 43 34.41 25.80 17 8.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2.4 Interest on Working Capital Rs in lakhs 2.50 2.56 2.63 2.69 2.76 2.83 2.90 2.97 3.05 3.12 3.20 3.28 3.36 3.45 3.53

2.5 Return on Equity Rs in lakhs 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00

2.6 Total Fixed Coct Rs in lakhs 99.57 91.65 83.77 135.93 128.13 120.38 112.67 105.01 97.40 89.85 82.39 83.56 84.80 86.12 87.50

3.0 per Unit Tariff Components

3.1 PU O & M Expences Rs /kWh 0.63 0.66 0.70 0.74 0.78 0.83 0.88 0.93 0.98 1.04 1.10 1.16 1.22 1.29 1.37

3.2 PU Depreciation Rs /kWh 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.3 PU Interest on Term Loan Rs /kWh 4.91 4.42 3.93 3.44 2.95 2.46 1.96 1.47 0.98 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.4 PU Interest on Working Capital Rs /kWh 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.20

3.5 PU Return on Equity Rs /kWh 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.42 3.42 3.42 3.42 3.42 3.42 3.42 3.42 3.42 3.42 3.42 3.42

3.6 PU Tariff Component Rs /kWh 5.68 5.23 4.78 7.76 7.31 6.87 6.43 5.99 5.56 5.13 4.70 4.77 4.84 4.92 4.99

75


FINANCIALS

SAI ADITHYA GREEN ENERGY PVT LTD

OPERATING STATEMENT(` in lakhs)

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1.Gross sales 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48

Sale Rate Rs 7.2 per kWhrs + 9.3 Per KWH from REC 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8

Net Saleable energy in M Kwhrs 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66

Sales 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48

2. Cost of Sales

a.O & M Expenditure 11.00 11.63 12.29 13.00 13.74 14.53 15.36 16.24 17.17 18.15 19.19 20.28

(Refer Annexure)

g.Depreciation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

SUB Total -Cost of Sales 11.00 11.63 12.29 13.00 13.74 14.53 15.36 16.24 17.17 18.15 19.19 20.28

INT--TL 86.07 76.97 67.87 58.77 49.67 40.57 31.47 22.37 13.27 4.17 0.00 0.00

INT-CC 7.92 8.02 8.11 8.22 8.33 8.44 8.56 8.69 8.83 8.97 9.13 9.29

INT--Others

INT-----------------TOTAL 93.99 84.99 75.98 66.99 58.00 49.01 40.04 31.06 22.10 13.15 9.13 9.29

3.Operating Profit/PBT 190.49 198.86 207.20 215.49 223.74 231.94 240.09 248.18 256.21 264.19 267.17 265.91

8.Provision for Tax/MAT 12.24 18.56 24.19 29.25 33.81 37.95 41.73 45.20 48.41 51.38 81.78 136.38

4. P A T 178.25 180.31 183.01 186.25 189.93 193.99 198.36 202.98 207.81 212.81 185.39 129.53

Less:Transfer to reserves(A) 10% 17.82 18.03 18.30 18.62 18.99 19.40 19.84 20.30 20.78 21.28 18.54 12.95

Less: Transfer to Redemption Reserve 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Balance PAT 160.42 162.28 164.71 167.62 170.94 174.59 178.52 182.68 187.03 191.52 166.85 116.58

Reserves(B) 160.42 162.28 164.71 167.62 170.94 174.59 178.52 182.68 187.03 191.52 166.85 116.58

Total Reserves 178.25 358.55 541.56 727.81 917.74 1111.73 1310.08 1513.06 1720.87 1933.68 2119.07 2248.60

PAT / NET SALES (%) 60.32% 61.02% 61.94% 63.03% 64.28% 65.65% 67.13% 68.69% 70.33% 72.02% 62.74% 43.84%

PBT / NET SALES (%) 64.47% 67.30% 70.12% 72.93% 75.72% 78.50% 81.25% 83.99% 86.71% 89.41% 90.42% 89.99%

LIABILITIES Year1 Year2 Year3 Year4 Year5 Year6 Year7 Year8 Year9 Year10 Year11 Year12

1. Short Term Bank Borrowings 61.90 62.62 63.39 64.19 65.05 65.95 66.91 67.92 68.99 70.12 71.31 72.57

2.Installment of TL Due /deposits(12 Mnths)

Term Loan installment due within one year 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00

TOTAL OCL 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00

3. T Ls (maturity above 1 year) 630.00 560.00 490.00 420.00 350.00 280.00 210.00 140.00 70.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4. Total Term Liabilities 700.00 630.00 560.00 490.00 420.00 350.00 280.00 210.00 140.00 70.00 70.00 70.00

5.Total Outside Liabilities 761.90 692.62 623.39 554.19 485.05 415.95 346.91 277.92 208.99 140.12 141.31 142.57

NETWORTH

6.Equity Share Capital 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00

7 .Preference share capital 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

8. Capital Subsidy 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

9. Reserves/P& L account 178.25 358.55 541.56 727.81 917.74 1111.73 1310.08 1513.06 1720.87 1933.68 2119.07 2248.60

10. Others (Share Premium)

11.Net Worth 478.25 658.55 841.56 1027.81 1217.74 1411.73 1610.08 1813.06 2020.87 2233.68 2419.07 2548.60

12.Total Liabilities 1240.14 1351.18 1464.95 1582.00 1702.79 1827.68 1956.99 2090.98 2229.86 2373.79 2560.38 2691.17

ASSETS Year1 Year2 Year3 Year4 Year5 Year6 Year7 Year8 Year9 Year10 Year11 Year12

13.Total Current Assets 351.24 462.28 576.05 693.10 813.89 938.78 1068.09 1202.08 1340.96 1484.89 1671.48 1802.27

14.Gross Block 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00

15.Depreciation 111.10 111.10 111.10 111.10 111.10 111.10 111.10 111.10 111.10 111.10 111.10 111.10

16.Net Block 888.90 888.90 888.90 888.90 888.90 888.90 888.90 888.90 888.90 888.90 888.90 888.90

17. Total Assets 1240.14 1351.18 1464.95 1582.00 1702.79 1827.68 1956.99 2090.98 2229.86 2373.79 2560.38 2691.17

Profit and Loss Projections( ` in lakhs)

Years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Income REC

Sale Rate Rs 8.5 per kWhrs 9.3 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8

Net Saleable energy in M Kwhrs 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66

Sales 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48

Total Income 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48 295.48

Expenditure 24.62 67.30 70.12 72.93 75.72 78.50 81.25 83.99 86.71 89.41 90.42 89.99

11.00 11.63 12.29 13.00 13.74 14.53 15.36 16.24 17.17 18.15 19.19 20.28

Interest on Working Capital Loan 7.92 8.02 8.11 8.22 8.33 8.44 8.56 8.69 8.83 8.97 9.13 9.29

Total Operating Expenditure 18.92 19.64 20.41 21.21 22.07 22.97 23.92 24.93 26.00 27.12 28.31 29.57

Gross Profit 276.56 275.84 275.07 274.27 273.41 272.51 271.56 270.55 269.48 268.36 267.17 265.91

Depreciation 5.83% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Profit Before Interest and tax 276.56 275.84 275.07 274.27 273.41 272.51 271.56 270.55 269.48 268.36 267.17 265.91

Interest on term loans 86.07 76.97 67.87 58.77 49.67 40.57 31.47 22.37 13.27 4.17 0.00 0.00

Profit before Tax 190.49 198.86 207.20 215.49 223.74 231.94 240.09 248.18 256.21 264.19 267.17 265.91

Income Tax- MAT at 18%+10%SC+3%Ec 12.24 18.56 24.19 29.25 33.81 37.95 41.73 45.20 48.41 51.38 81.78 136.38

Profit After Tax 178.25 180.31 183.01 186.25 189.93 193.99 198.36 202.98 207.81 212.81 185.39 129.53

Less:Dividend on Equity 20% 0.00 0.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00

Balance PAT/ transfer to reserve 178.25 180.31 123.01 126.25 129.93 133.99 138.36 142.98 147.81 152.81 125.39 69.53

TOTAL RESERVES 178.25 180.31 183.01 186.25 189.93 193.99 198.36 202.98 207.81 212.81 185.39 129.53

O&M Expenditure

76


A Computation of Depreciation as per Income Tax Act:

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 Plant & Machinery 900.00 WDV --- > 900.00 765.00 650.25 552.71 469.81 399.33 339.43 288.52 245.24 208.46 177.19 150.61

15% Depr ---> 135.00 114.75 97.54 82.91 70.47 59.90 50.92 43.28 36.79 31.27 26.58 22.59

135.00 114.75 97.54 82.91 70.47 59.90 50.92 43.28 36.79 31.27 26.58 22.59

B Calculation of Income Tax: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 Net Profit Before Tax 190.49 198.86 207.20 215.49 223.74 231.94 240.09 248.18 256.21 264.19 267.17 265.91

2 Add: Depreciation as per books 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3 Less: Depreciation (I.T Act) as above 135.00 114.75 97.54 82.91 70.47 59.90 50.92 43.28 36.79 31.27 26.58 22.59

55.49 84.11 109.66 132.59 153.27 172.04 189.17 204.90 219.43 232.92 240.59 243.32

MAT 22.06% 12.24 18.56 24.19 29.25 33.81 37.95 41.73 45.20 48.41 51.38 0.00 53.68

4 0.00 0.00 0.00 132.59 153.27 172.04 189.17 204.90 219.43 232.92 240.59 243.32

5 Income Tax on above = 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 81.78 82.70

C INCOME TAX ON DIVIDEND

D Total Tax Payable 12.24 18.56 24.19 29.25 33.81 37.95 41.73 45.20 48.41 51.38 81.78 136.38

Total Taxable Income :

Less:100% Deduction u/s 80IA

from 6th year

Details of Computation of DSCR

Year from Project Commissioning Year1 Year2 Year3 Year4 Year5 Year6 Year7 Year8 Year9 Year10

Cover

Net Profit after Tax 178.25 180.31 183.01 186.25 189.93 193.99 198.36 202.98 207.81 212.81

Depreciation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Interest on Term Loans 86.07 76.97 67.87 58.77 49.67 40.57 31.47 22.37 13.27 4.17

Total Cover 264.32 257.28 250.88 245.02 239.60 234.56 229.83 225.35 221.08 216.98

Service

Repayment of term loans 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00

Interest on term loans 86.07 76.97 67.87 58.77 49.67 40.57 31.47 22.37 13.27 4.17

Total Service 156.07 146.97 137.87 128.77 119.67 110.57 101.47 92.37 83.27 74.17

DSCR 108.25 110.31 113.01 116.25 119.93 123.99 128.36 132.98 137.81 142.81

DSCR Ratio 1.69 1.75 1.82 1.90 2.00 2.12 2.26 2.44 2.65 2.93

Avg DSCR 2.16

Repayment Schedule

Interest Rate 13.00%

Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest

Outstanding as at year

beginning 700.00 630.00 560.00 490.00 420.00 350.00 280.00 210.00 140.00 70.00

April 5.83 7.52 5.83 6.76 5.83 6.00 5.83 5.25 5.83 4.49 5.83 3.73 5.83 2.97 5.83 2.21 5.83 1.45 5.83 0.70

May 5.83 7.46 5.83 6.70 5.83 5.94 5.83 5.18 5.83 4.42 5.83 3.67 5.83 2.91 5.83 2.15 5.83 1.39 5.83 0.63

June 5.83 7.39 5.83 6.64 5.83 5.88 5.83 5.12 5.83 4.36 5.83 3.60 5.83 2.84 5.83 2.09 5.83 1.33 5.83 0.57

July 5.83 7.33 5.83 6.57 5.83 5.81 5.83 5.06 5.83 4.30 5.83 3.54 5.83 2.78 5.83 2.02 5.83 1.26 5.83 0.51

August 5.83 7.27 5.83 6.51 5.83 5.75 5.83 4.99 5.83 4.23 5.83 3.48 5.83 2.72 5.83 1.96 5.83 1.20 5.83 0.44

September 5.83 7.20 5.83 6.45 5.83 5.69 5.83 4.93 5.83 4.17 5.83 3.41 5.83 2.65 5.83 1.90 5.83 1.14 5.83 0.38

October 5.83 7.14 5.83 6.38 5.83 5.62 5.83 4.87 5.83 4.11 5.83 3.35 5.83 2.59 5.83 1.83 5.83 1.07 5.83 0.32

November 5.83 7.08 5.83 6.32 5.83 5.56 5.83 4.80 5.83 4.04 5.83 3.29 5.83 2.53 5.83 1.77 5.83 1.01 5.83 0.25

December 5.83 7.01 5.83 6.26 5.83 5.50 5.83 4.74 5.83 3.98 5.83 3.22 5.83 2.46 5.83 1.71 5.83 0.95 5.83 0.19

January 5.83 6.95 5.83 6.19 5.83 5.43 5.83 4.68 5.83 3.92 5.83 3.16 5.83 2.40 5.83 1.64 5.83 0.88 5.83 0.13

February 5.83 6.89 5.83 6.13 5.83 5.37 5.83 4.61 5.83 3.85 5.83 3.10 5.83 2.34 5.83 1.58 5.83 0.82 5.83 0.06

March 5.83 6.83 5.83 6.07 5.83 5.31 5.83 4.55 5.83 3.79 5.83 3.03 5.83 2.28 5.83 1.52 5.83 0.76 5.83 0.00

Total Interest during the year 86.07 76.97 67.87 58.77 49.67 40.57 31.47 22.37 13.27 4.17

Total Principal repayment during the year 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00

Year10Year9Year7Year5 Year8Year4 Year6Year3Year1 Year2

Vgepl Solar Dpr (1)

Documents

mech technologies

shift charge

cross linked

stranded aluminium

similar pv

renewable

zone acceleration

cea planning