VERBS VERBS If you can do it, it is a If you can do it, it is a VERB! VERB!
Dec 23, 2015
VERBSVERBS
If you can do it, it is a VERB!If you can do it, it is a VERB!
Kinds of VerbsKinds of Verbs
ActionAction
LinkingLinking
HelpingHelping
Physical or mental actionPhysical or mental action Describes a state of Describes a state of
being. It connects the being. It connects the subject with a word in the subject with a word in the predicate that explains or predicate that explains or describes the subject (PN describes the subject (PN or PA).or PA).
Helping verbs attach to Helping verbs attach to the main verb. It helps the main verb. It helps the main verb express an the main verb express an action (Helping verb + action (Helping verb + action verb = verb action verb = verb phrase)phrase)
Example Action VerbsExample Action Verbs
GoGo SwimSwim EatEat FollowFollow DrinkDrink ListenListen FlyFly BelieveBelieve
CompareCompare AnalyzeAnalyze InterpretInterpret DevelopDevelop CleanClean SitSit StandStand DriveDrive
Linking VerbsLinking Verbs Be Be AmAm Is Is AreAre WasWas WereWere BeingBeing BeenBeen
AppearAppear BecomeBecome FeelFeel GrowGrow LookLook RemainRemain SeemSeem SmellSmell SoundSound StayStay TasteTaste TurnTurn
Helping VerbsHelping Verbs BeBe AmAm IsIs AreAre WasWas WereWere HaveHave HasHas HadHad DoDo DoesDoes DidDid
MayMay MightMight MustMust CanCan CouldCould ShallShall ShouldShould WillWill WouldWould BeingBeing BeenBeen
Objects of VerbsObjects of Verbs
Direct Object Direct Object Indirect ObjectIndirect Object
Direct ObjectDirect Object
Direct Object – receives the action of the Direct Object – receives the action of the verbverb
Noun or pronounNoun or pronounFollows an action verbFollows an action verbAnswers the questions What? or Whom?Answers the questions What? or Whom?
If the action verb has a D.O., it is called a If the action verb has a D.O., it is called a transitive verb. If there is no D.O., it is transitive verb. If there is no D.O., it is called an intransitive verb.called an intransitive verb.
Example Direct ObjectExample Direct Object
She studied math for homework.She studied math for homework.Subject = sheSubject = sheAction verb = studiedAction verb = studiedDirect object = math (It answers “What” Direct object = math (It answers “What”
she studied.)she studied.)
Indirect ObjectIndirect Object
Indirect object – indirectly receives the Indirect object – indirectly receives the action of the verbaction of the verb
Noun or pronounNoun or pronounFollows an action verbFollows an action verbComes before a direct objectComes before a direct objectAnswers the questions To What? For Answers the questions To What? For
What? To Whom? Or For Whom?What? To Whom? Or For Whom?
Example Indirect ObjectExample Indirect Object
He bought Mandy a bouquet of flowers.He bought Mandy a bouquet of flowers.Subject = heSubject = heAction verb = boughtAction verb = boughtDirect object = bouquet (it answers the Direct object = bouquet (it answers the
question “What” he bought)question “What” he bought) Indirect object = Mandy (It answers the Indirect object = Mandy (It answers the
question “For Whom” he bought the question “For Whom” he bought the flowers.)flowers.)
Linking Verb and Predicate WordsLinking Verb and Predicate Words
Predicate NounPredicate NounPredicate AdjectivePredicate Adjective
Predicate NounPredicate Noun
Noun or pronounNoun or pronounFollows a linking verbFollows a linking verbRenames or defines the subject (The Renames or defines the subject (The
subject and PN can switch places and the subject and PN can switch places and the sentence will make sense.)sentence will make sense.)
Example PNExample PN
He is a teacher.He is a teacher.Subject = heSubject = heLinking verb = isLinking verb = isPN = teacher (Teacher and he can switch PN = teacher (Teacher and he can switch
places and the sentence is still correct.)places and the sentence is still correct.)
Predicate AdjectivePredicate Adjective
AdjectiveAdjectiveFollows a linking verbFollows a linking verbDescribes the subject Describes the subject
Example PAExample PA
She is beautiful.She is beautiful.Subject = sheSubject = sheLinking verb = isLinking verb = isPA = beautifulPA = beautiful
Principal Parts of VerbsPrincipal Parts of Verbs
The principal parts of verbs are used to The principal parts of verbs are used to create all tenses of verbs.create all tenses of verbs.
PresentPresentPastPastPresent ParticiplePresent ParticiplePast ParticiplePast Participle
PresentPresent
Indicates time in the presentIndicates time in the presentBase form of a verbBase form of a verb
For example: start or wearFor example: start or wear
PastPast
Verbs used to indicate something Verbs used to indicate something happened at a previous point in time.happened at a previous point in time.
Most verbs in the past tense add “ed” to Most verbs in the past tense add “ed” to the end. the end.
For example: start becomes For example: start becomes startedstartedSome verbs in the past tense are irregular. Some verbs in the past tense are irregular.
They totally change spelling. They totally change spelling.
For example: wear becomes For example: wear becomes worewore
Present ParticiplePresent Participle
The present participle is used to indicate The present participle is used to indicate that something is currently happening. that something is currently happening.
Form the present participle by adding “ing” Form the present participle by adding “ing” to the base form of the word and “be”, to the base form of the word and “be”, “am”, or “is” in front of this new word.“am”, or “is” in front of this new word.
For example: start becomes For example: start becomes is startingis starting
wear becomes wear becomes is wearingis wearing
Past ParticiplePast Participle
The past participle is used to indicate something The past participle is used to indicate something happened at an undefined period of time.happened at an undefined period of time.
To form the past participle 1. Add “ed” to the end To form the past participle 1. Add “ed” to the end of a regular verb or correctly create the past of a regular verb or correctly create the past participle tense of an irregular verb 2. Add “has”, participle tense of an irregular verb 2. Add “has”, “have”, or “had” in front of the verb“have”, or “had” in front of the verb
For example: 1. start becomes For example: 1. start becomes has startedhas started
2. wear becomes 2. wear becomes has wornhas worn
Irregular VerbsIrregular Verbs
Irregular verbs do not follow the normal pattern Irregular verbs do not follow the normal pattern of conjugation into each of the principal parts of of conjugation into each of the principal parts of verbsverbs
These verbs often change spelling to form the These verbs often change spelling to form the past, present participle, and past participle past, present participle, and past participle tenses. There are a few verbs that keep the tenses. There are a few verbs that keep the same spelling for all four principal parts.same spelling for all four principal parts.
The only way to know these verbs is to The only way to know these verbs is to memorize them. memorize them.
Sample Common Irregular VerbsSample Common Irregular Verbs(not a complete list of irregular verbs)(not a complete list of irregular verbs)
PresentPresent PastPast Present ParticiplePresent Participle Past ParticiplePast Participle
BeginBegin BeganBegan Is beginningIs beginning Has begunHas begun
BlowBlow BlewBlew Is blowingIs blowing Has blownHas blown
DoDo DidDid Is doingIs doing Has doneHas done
DrinkDrink DrankDrank Is drinkingIs drinking Has drunkHas drunk
GoGo Went Went Is goingIs going Has goneHas gone
WriteWrite WroteWrote Is writingIs writing Has writtenHas written
Break Break BrokeBroke Is breakingIs breaking Has brokenHas broken
BecomeBecome BecameBecame Is becomingIs becoming Has becomeHas become
BringBring BroughtBrought Is bringingIs bringing Has broughtHas brought
BurstBurst BurstBurst Is burstingIs bursting Has burstHas burst
SwimSwim SwamSwam Is swimmingIs swimming Has swumHas swum
KnowKnow KnewKnew Is knowingIs knowing Has knownHas known
Simple TensesSimple Tenses
We use clocks and watches to tell time. We use verbs We use clocks and watches to tell time. We use verbs the same way. The tense of the verb tells time in the the same way. The tense of the verb tells time in the sentence.sentence.
Present – action that happens nowPresent – action that happens now Past – action that already happenedPast – action that already happened Future – action that will happenFuture – action that will happen Present Progressive – “be”, “am”, “is” or “are” plus a verb Present Progressive – “be”, “am”, “is” or “are” plus a verb
ending with “ing” – means something is in progressending with “ing” – means something is in progress Past Progressive – “was” or “were” plus a verb ending with Past Progressive – “was” or “were” plus a verb ending with
“ing” – means something was in progress“ing” – means something was in progress Future Progressive – “will be” plus a verb ending with “ing” – Future Progressive – “will be” plus a verb ending with “ing” –
means something will be in progressmeans something will be in progress
Present TensePresent Tense
Base form of the verb modified to agree Base form of the verb modified to agree with the subject in number.with the subject in number.
For example: We run to the store.For example: We run to the store.
She runs to the store.She runs to the store.
Past TensePast Tense
Create the past tense by adding an “ed” to Create the past tense by adding an “ed” to the base verb, if it is a regular verb. If it is the base verb, if it is a regular verb. If it is an irregular verb, change the verb an irregular verb, change the verb accordingly.accordingly.
For example: We create things. For example: We create things. (present)(present)
We created things.We created things. (past (past regular)regular)
We drink water.We drink water. (present)(present)
We drank water.We drank water. (past irregular)(past irregular)
Future TenseFuture Tense
Form the future tense by adding “will” or Form the future tense by adding “will” or “shall” to the base form of the verb. “shall” to the base form of the verb.
For example: They swim in the pool. For example: They swim in the pool. (present)(present)
They will swim in the pool. They will swim in the pool. (future)(future)
Present ProgressivePresent Progressive
Shows that the action(s) is (are) in Shows that the action(s) is (are) in progressprogress
You are learning English.You are learning English.
Past ProgressivePast Progressive
Shows the action(s) was (were) in Shows the action(s) was (were) in progressprogress
You were learning English.You were learning English.
Future ProgressiveFuture Progressive
Shows the actions(s) will be in progressShows the actions(s) will be in progress
You will be learning English.You will be learning English.
Perfect TensesPerfect Tenses
Present PerfectPresent PerfectPast PerfectPast PerfectFuture PerfectFuture Perfect
Present PerfectPresent Perfect The present perfect tense is used to show something The present perfect tense is used to show something
that is existing or happening sometime before now. Key that is existing or happening sometime before now. Key word – during word – during
Form the present perfect tense by 1. creating the correct Form the present perfect tense by 1. creating the correct past participle of the verb and 2. add “have” or “has” in past participle of the verb and 2. add “have” or “has” in front of it.front of it.
For example: I wear jeans. For example: I wear jeans. (present) [irregular verb](present) [irregular verb]
I have worn jeans. I have worn jeans. (present perfect)(present perfect)
He looks nice.He looks nice. (present) [regular verb](present) [regular verb]
He has looked niceHe has looked nice. . (present perfect)(present perfect)
Past PerfectPast Perfect The past perfect tense is used to show something The past perfect tense is used to show something
existing or happening before a specific time in the past. existing or happening before a specific time in the past. (It is a double past something happened before (It is a double past something happened before something else happened) Key word - aftersomething else happened) Key word - after
Form the past perfect by 1. creating the correct past Form the past perfect by 1. creating the correct past participle of the verb and 2. add “ had” in front of the participle of the verb and 2. add “ had” in front of the main verbmain verbFor example: She walked the trail. For example: She walked the trail. (past ) [regular verb](past ) [regular verb]
She had walked the trail. She had walked the trail. (past perfect)(past perfect)
The compost became soil. The compost became soil. (past) [irregular (past) [irregular verb]verb]
The compost had become soil. The compost had become soil. (past (past perfect)perfect)
Future PerfectFuture Perfect The future perfect tense is used to represent something The future perfect tense is used to represent something
existing or happening before a specific time in the future. existing or happening before a specific time in the future. (It is a double future. Something happens before (It is a double future. Something happens before something else happens.) Key word - beforesomething else happens.) Key word - before
To form the future perfect 1. form the past participle of To form the future perfect 1. form the past participle of the verb 2. add “will have” or “shall have” in front of the the verb 2. add “will have” or “shall have” in front of the past participle.past participle.For example: She has smiled today.For example: She has smiled today. (past participle) [regular verb](past participle) [regular verb]
She will have smiled today. (future perfect)She will have smiled today. (future perfect)
They have worn boots. (past participle) [irregular They have worn boots. (past participle) [irregular verb]verb] They will have worn boots. (future perfect)They will have worn boots. (future perfect)
Troublesome Verb PairsTroublesome Verb Pairs
Sit and setSit and setRise and raiseRise and raiseLie and layLie and layLet and LeaveLet and Leave
Know the proper definition of each word to Know the proper definition of each word to be able to spell and use it correctly.be able to spell and use it correctly.
Sit and SetSit and Set
Sit – means “to be Sit – means “to be seated” or “to rest”seated” or “to rest”
(no object)(no object)
Set – means “to place Set – means “to place or put something” or put something” (usually takes a direct (usually takes a direct object)object)
PresentPresent PastPast Present Present participleparticiple
Past Past participleparticiple
sitsit satsat is sittingis sitting have sathave sat
PresentPresent PastPast Present Present participleparticiple
Past Past participleparticiple
setset setset is settingis setting have sethave set
Example Sit and SetExample Sit and Set Please, sit in your chair. (present)Please, sit in your chair. (present) He sat in his seat, yesterday. (past)He sat in his seat, yesterday. (past) He is sitting in his seat. (present participle)He is sitting in his seat. (present participle) He has sat there for an hour. (past participle)He has sat there for an hour. (past participle)
Set your books on the desk. (present)Set your books on the desk. (present) She set her book on the desk. (past)She set her book on the desk. (past) She is setting her book on the desk. (present participle)She is setting her book on the desk. (present participle) She has set her book on the desk. (past participle)She has set her book on the desk. (past participle)
Rise and RaiseRise and Raise
Rise – means “to go Rise – means “to go upward” or “to get upward” or “to get up.” (no object)up.” (no object)
Raise – means “to lift Raise – means “to lift something up” something up” (usually takes a direct (usually takes a direct object)object)
PresentPresent PastPast Present Present participleparticiple
Past Past participleparticiple
riserise roserose is risingis rising have risenhave risen
PresentPresent PastPast Present Present participleparticiple
Past Past participleparticiple
raiseraise raisedraised is raisingis raising have raisedhave raised
Example Rise and RaiseExample Rise and Raise They always rise early on Sunday. (present)They always rise early on Sunday. (present) They rose early on Sunday. (past)They rose early on Sunday. (past) They are rising early on Sunday. (present participle)They are rising early on Sunday. (present participle) They have risen early on Sunday. (past participle)They have risen early on Sunday. (past participle)
They raise geese. (present)They raise geese. (present) They raised geese. (past)They raised geese. (past) They are raising geese. (present participle)They are raising geese. (present participle) They have raised geese. (past participle)They have raised geese. (past participle)
Lie and LayLie and Lay
Lie – means “to Lie – means “to recline” or “to be in recline” or “to be in place” (no object)place” (no object)
Lay – means “to put Lay – means “to put down” or “to place” down” or “to place” (usually takes a direct (usually takes a direct object)object)
PresentPresent PastPast Present Present participleparticiple
Past Past participleparticiple
lielie laylay is lyingis lying have lainhave lain
PresentPresent PastPast Present Present participleparticiple
Past Past participleparticiple
laylay laidlaid is layingis laying have laidhave laid
Example Lie and LayExample Lie and Lay Lie down and take a nap. (present)Lie down and take a nap. (present) He lay down and took a nap. (past)He lay down and took a nap. (past) He is lying down for a nap. (present participle)He is lying down for a nap. (present participle) He has lain down for a nap. (past participle)He has lain down for a nap. (past participle)
Lay your clothes on the bed. (present)Lay your clothes on the bed. (present) She laid her clothes on the bed. (past)She laid her clothes on the bed. (past) She is laying her clothes on the bed. (present participle)She is laying her clothes on the bed. (present participle) She has laid her clothes on the bed. (past participle)She has laid her clothes on the bed. (past participle)
Let and LeaveLet and Leave
Let – means “to allow” Let – means “to allow” or “to permit” (it can or “to permit” (it can have an object)have an object)
Leave – means “to Leave – means “to depart” or “to allow depart” or “to allow something to remain something to remain where it is.” (it can where it is.” (it can have an object)have an object)
PresentPresent PastPast Present Present participleparticiple
Past Past participleparticiple
letlet letlet is is lettingletting
has lethas let
PresentPresent PastPast Present Present participleparticiple
Past Past participleparticiple
leaveleave leftleft is is leavingleaving
has lefthas left
Example Let and LeaveExample Let and Leave Mom let me do the dishes. (present)Mom let me do the dishes. (present) Yesterday, Mom let me do the dishes. (past)Yesterday, Mom let me do the dishes. (past) Mom is letting me do the dishes tonight. (present Mom is letting me do the dishes tonight. (present
participle)participle) Mom has let me do the dishes all week. (past participle)Mom has let me do the dishes all week. (past participle)
I leave for work at 5:30 A.M. (present)I leave for work at 5:30 A.M. (present) I left for work at 5:30 A.M. (past)I left for work at 5:30 A.M. (past) I am leaving for work at 5:30 A.M. (present participle)I am leaving for work at 5:30 A.M. (present participle) I have left for work at 5:30 A.M. (past participle)I have left for work at 5:30 A.M. (past participle)