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US ENTERS WWII
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US ENTERS WWII. EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for.

Mar 26, 2015

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Page 1: US ENTERS WWII. EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for.

US ENTERS

WWII

Page 2: US ENTERS WWII. EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for.

EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939—FDR allowed British &

French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for supplies,

transport them yourself—US doesn’t get involved) Destroyers-for-Bases– trade US destroyers for

naval bases in N & S America US expands all over world

Lend-Lease Act—Congress loaned Britain war supplies US tied to Britain by $

Page 3: US ENTERS WWII. EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for.

EARLY US INVOLVEMENTEARLY US INVOLVEMENT

Atlantic CharterAtlantic Charter—signed by FDR & —signed by FDR & Churchill in 1941Churchill in 1941 Right of all nations to Right of all nations to self-determinationself-determination

(deciding their future for themselves)(deciding their future for themselves) US & Britain wouldn’t try to gain territories from US & Britain wouldn’t try to gain territories from

warwar DisarmamentDisarmament—removal of weapons from —removal of weapons from

aggressors (Italy, Germany)aggressors (Italy, Germany) ““Permanent system of general security” in futurePermanent system of general security” in future

Beginnings of UNBeginnings of UN

Page 4: US ENTERS WWII. EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for.

ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR• US opposed Japanese invasion of China

(Manchuria)• Japanese believed that if US entered war, they would

be against Japanese invasion of Indonesia

• December 7, 1941—Japanese kamikaze pilots attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii• Sank 19 ships, destroyed 150 planes, killed 2335

soldiers & sailors

• US declared war on Japan• Germany & Italy declared war on US

Page 5: US ENTERS WWII. EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for.

TAKING SIDESTAKING SIDES

AlliesAlliesBritain, France, US, Russia Britain, France, US, Russia (eventually)(eventually)

AxisAxisGermany, Italy, JapanGermany, Italy, Japan

Page 6: US ENTERS WWII. EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for.

US MOBILIZATIONUS MOBILIZATION ““Arsenal of DemocracyArsenal of Democracy”—US was ”—US was

only country that could produce only country that could produce goods for Alliesgoods for Allies Make war goods, not consumer goodsMake war goods, not consumer goods

Military enlistmentMilitary enlistment men 21-35 men 21-35 required to register for selective required to register for selective service in 1940service in 1940 1945—12.5 million men & women 1945—12.5 million men & women

serving in armed forcesserving in armed forces African Americans placed in segregated African Americans placed in segregated

unitsunits

Page 7: US ENTERS WWII. EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for.

MOBILIZATION AT HOME

Womenreturned to workforce Worked in support services in combat (not in

active military) Gov’t financingUS citizens bought war

bonds to help pay for war Celebrities served in military or organized trips to

entertain troops (USO)

Page 8: US ENTERS WWII. EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for.

MOBILIZATION AT HOME

Rationingfactories changed production from consumer to military goods Consumer goods limited (clothing,

sugar, meat, rubber, gasoline) Coupon book told people

when they could buy certain things and what they could buy

Page 9: US ENTERS WWII. EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for.
Page 10: US ENTERS WWII. EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for.

WWII in North Africa

• WHY?– Suez Canal– Shipping in Mediterranean Sea

• Operation Torch– Nov. 1942– Push Axis off N. Africa

• Erwin Rommel

Page 11: US ENTERS WWII. EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for.

WWII in Italy

July 1943 George Patton attacks Sicily Mussolini arrested

No surrender from German troops Very bloody fighting 1945 Italy surrenders

Page 12: US ENTERS WWII. EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for.

The USSRThe USSR

June 1941June 1941—Hitler broke —Hitler broke Nazi-Soviet Non-Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact & Aggression Pact & invaded USSRinvaded USSR USSR entered war on USSR entered war on

side of Alliesside of Allies US provided support to US provided support to

USSR through Lend-USSR through Lend-LeaseLease

Battle of StalingradBattle of Stalingrad Hitler defeated by Hitler defeated by

Russian winterRussian winter

Page 13: US ENTERS WWII. EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for.

EUROPEAN THEATEREUROPEAN THEATER US helped Allies defeat Germany & Italy before US helped Allies defeat Germany & Italy before

going after Japangoing after Japan StalingradStalingrad—Germans defeated in S. Russia —Germans defeated in S. Russia

(August 1942-January 1943)(August 1942-January 1943) Russian winter caught Germans off guardRussian winter caught Germans off guard Convinced Hitler that Germany could not advance Convinced Hitler that Germany could not advance

EastEast El AlameinEl Alamein—British defeated Germans in N. —British defeated Germans in N.

Africa (Oct. 1942)Africa (Oct. 1942) German general German general Erwin RommelErwin Rommel pushed out of Egypt pushed out of Egypt

into Tunisiainto Tunisia Removed threat of German attack from SouthRemoved threat of German attack from South

Page 14: US ENTERS WWII. EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for.

D-DayD-Day

Tehran Conference—Dec. 1943Tehran Conference—Dec. 1943 BIG THREEBIG THREE Attack on FranceAttack on France

• ““Operation Overlord”Operation Overlord”• Dwight D. EisenhowerDwight D. Eisenhower

D-DayD-Day June 6, 1944 June 6, 1944 NormandyNormandy Paris freedParis freed August 25, 1944 August 25, 1944

Page 15: US ENTERS WWII. EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for.

Battle of the BulgeBattle of the Bulge

German German attempt attempt to divide to divide AlliesAllies

Page 16: US ENTERS WWII. EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for.

Victory in EuropeVictory in Europe

Yalta Conference—Feb. 1945Yalta Conference—Feb. 1945 BIG THREEBIG THREE What happens after the war?What happens after the war?

• Soviet Union:Soviet Union: Declare war on JapanDeclare war on Japan Free elections in E. EuropeFree elections in E. Europe Keeps Poland temporarilyKeeps Poland temporarily ½ of all war reparations from Germany½ of all war reparations from Germany

• GermanyGermany Divided into 4 pieces (US, France, GB, USSR)Divided into 4 pieces (US, France, GB, USSR)

Establish UNEstablish UN

Page 17: US ENTERS WWII. EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for.

V-E DayV-E Day

FDR dies—Apr. 12, FDR dies—Apr. 12, 19451945

Hitler’s suicide—Apr. Hitler’s suicide—Apr. 30, 194530, 1945 Unconditional Unconditional

surrender of Germanysurrender of Germany V-E DAY—May 8, V-E DAY—May 8,

19451945 Victory in EuropeVictory in Europe

Page 18: US ENTERS WWII. EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for.

PACIFIC THEATERPACIFIC THEATER

• US forced to fight on 2 frontsUS forced to fight on 2 fronts– Free EuropeFree Europe– Keep Japanese from expandingKeep Japanese from expanding

• Japan controlled most of Asia & S. Pacific Japan controlled most of Asia & S. Pacific islandsislands

Page 19: US ENTERS WWII. EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for.

MAJOR TURNING POINTS

Battle of Coral Sea—first defeat of Japanese navy (May 1942)

Battle of Midway—US defeated Japan & kept them from moving East (June 1942)

Guadalcanal—first US offensive in Pacific (Aug. 1942-Feb. 1943)

Iwo Jima—used as stopping point for raids on Japan (Feb.-Mar. 1945)

Okinawa—one of worst battles in Pacific (June-July 1945) Used as base for planned invasion

of Japan

Page 20: US ENTERS WWII. EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for.

ATOMIC BOMB Albert Einstein (German

Jew) fled Holocaust to work for US Manhattan Project—code

name for project that created atomic bomb before Germany

Truman used bomb to achieve final, quick victory over Japan Dropped on Hiroshima &

Nagasaki

Led to surrender of Japan

Page 21: US ENTERS WWII. EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for.