Updated Keynote Slides (November, 2014)
Dec 16, 2014
Updated Keynote Slides (November, 2014)
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Open Education: The Moral, Business & Policy Case for OER
Dr. Cable GreenDirector of Global [email protected]
g@cgreen
Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Why are we educators?
Children Reading Pratham Books and Akshara By Ryan Lobo http://www.flickr.com/photos/prathambooks/3291617463 CC BY
What are the trends?
(1) Demand for Higher Education
“Nearly one-third of the world’s population (29.3%) is under 15. Today there are 158 million people enrolled in tertiary education1. Projections suggest that that participation will peak at 263 million2 in 2025. Accommodating the additional 105 million students would require more than four major universities (30,000 students) to open every week for the next fifteen years.
1 ISCED levels 5 & 6 UNESCO Institute of Statistics figures2 British Council and IDP Australia projections
By: COL http://www.col.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/JohnDaniel_2008_3x5.jpg
(2) Student Debt / Perceived Value
(3) Affordances of Digital Things
Cost of “Copy”
For one 250 page book:
• Copy by hand - $1,000
• Copy by print on demand - $4.90
• Copy by computer - $0.00084
CC BY: David Wiley, BYU
Cost of “Distribute”
For one 250 page book:
• Distribute by mail - $5.20• $0 with print-on-demand (2000+ copies)
• Distribute by internet - $0.00072
CC BY: David Wiley, BYU
Copy and Distribute (and storage) are “Free”
This changes everything
CC BY: David Wiley, BYU
Movies, TV Shows, Songs, and Textbooks
Movies and TV Shows:• Amazon Prime – $6.59/month
($79/year) for access to 10,000 movies and TV shows
• Netflix – $7.99/month for access to 20,000 movies and TV shows
• Hulu Plus – $7.99/month for access to 45,000 movies and TV shows
CC BY: David Wiley: http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2348
Movies, TV Shows, Songs, and Textbooks
Music:• Spotify – $9.99/month for access
to 15 million songs• Rhapsody – $14.99/month for
access to 14 million songs
CC BY: David Wiley: http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2348
CC BY ND / Delta Initiative / http://tinyurl.com/bw3ztnt
(4) Open Educational Resources
including:open textbooks
Nonprofit organizationFree copyright licenses
Founded in 2001Operates worldwide
Step 1: Choose Conditions
Attribution
ShareAlike
NonCommercial
NoDerivatives
Step 2: Receive a License
most free
least freeNot OER
OER
Wikipedia: Over 77,000 contributors working on over 22 million articles in 285 languages
175+ Million CC Licensed Photos on Flickr
29
30
CERN releases photos under a Creative Commons License CC-BY-SA
Europeana: 30M metadata items under CC0, 5 million digital object with PDM and 2.8 million digital objects under one of the CC licenses
http://www.flickr.com/photos/22240293@N05/3735172478/in/set-72157621681117648 By: Francisco Diez
Higher Ed
Primary
Open Educational Resources (OER)
OER are teaching, learning, and research
materials in any medium that reside in the public domain or have been
released under an open license that permits their free use and re-purposing
by others.
FREE+
LEGAL RIGHTS:REUSEREVISEREMIX
REDISTRIBUTERETAIN
Credit: Nicole Allen, SPARC / See www.opencontent.org for full definition.
Image © from http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/28/showbiz/heat-director-buddy-
cop
Adaptation by Nicole Allen, SPARC, CC BY
DONE READING?
GOOD
Translations & Accessibility
Customization & Affordability
/ Open Textbooks
(Article): University Business: College textbook forecast: Radical change aheadhttp://www.universitybusiness.com/article/college-textbook-forecast-radical-change-ahead
Source http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-368
Expand availability and discoverability of OER
Expand adoption, adaptation and building of OER
Nicole Allen, SPARC: CC BY
A Growing Library
CC BY: OpenStax College
$30 MILLION+ SAVED!
CC BY: OpenStax College
There is a direct relationship between textbook costs and student success
60%+ do not purchase textbooks at some point due to cost
50% take fewer courses due to textbook cost
31% choose not to register for a course due to textbook cost
23% regularly go without textbooks due to cost
14% have dropped a course due to textbook cost
10% have withdrawn from a course due to textbook cost
Source: 2012 student survey by Florida Virtual Campus
www.projectkaleidoscope.org
The Vision
100% of students have
100% free, digital access to all materials on day 1
Drive student success by designing, adopting, measuring and improving OER-based courses
www.projectkaleidoscope.org
How are your students supposed to learn
with materials they can’t afford and are
not buying?
Received funding to provide faculty development on your campus:- The impacts of high textbook
costs- Open textbooks as a solution- Stipends for faculty reviews
of open textbooks
What can you do?
The Open Textbook InitiativeUniversity of Minnesota
For more information: http://z.umn.edu/opentextbooks
Typical Results with Lumen
$ Cut total spend on textbooks by 90%
Measurable increase (5-10%) in student success Open licensing
of all new contentData-driven course updates
Smooth faculty transition to open contentStudent
access to materials from day 1
Adapted from slides by David Wiley available under CC BY at http:// www.slideshare.net/
opencontent
CC-BY licensed textbooks for 110 university courses
• We must get rid of our “not invented here” attitude regarding others’ content–move to: "proudly borrowed from
there"
• Content is not a strategic advantage
• Nor can we (or our students) afford it
WA Community Colleges:
English Composition I
• 60,000+ enrollments / year
• x $175 textbook
• = $10.5 Million every year
English Composition I
• 55,000+ enrollments / year
• x $175 textbook
• = $9.6+ Million every year
Insa
ne
http
://openco
urse
libra
ry.org
Does it make any sense WA State and K-12 Districts together spend $130M/yearon textbooks and the results are:• Books are (on average) 7-10 years out
of date• Paper only / no digital versions.• Students can’t write / highlight in
books• Students can’t keep books at end
of year• All rights reserved… teachers can’t
update• Parents pay for lost paper books…
(5) Open Policy
Current research funding cycle does not maximize dissemination, economic efficiency, social impact
Government RFPs
announced, research grants
awarded
Scientific research
conducted and papers written
Articles submitted to journals and peer review
occurs
Acceptance in journals; authors
transfer copyright to publishers
Articles published in
mainly closed access journals
Libraries subscribe or
public pays per article fee to
view on publisher's
website
Public granted little or no reuse
rights beyond access to read
articles
Slow scientific progress, poor
return on public investment
Optimized research funding cycle maximizes public access, economic efficiency, social impact
Government RFPs
announced, open license requirements
included, research grants
awarded
Scientific research
conducted and papers written
Acceptance in journals; public access policy
ensures deposit in open
repository
Articles published in traditional
journals under embargo
Public can download
articles from open access repository
Public granted full reuse rights
under open licenses
Accelerated scientific progress,
optimal return on public
investment
Articles submitted to journals and peer review
occurs
When the Marginal Cost of Sharing is $0…
- educators have an ethical obligation to share
- governments need to get maximum ROI by requiring publicly funded resources be openly licensed resources
- governments and educators need openly licensed content: (a) so you can revise & remix (b) buying and maintaining is cheaper than leasing (w/time bombs)
White House issues directive supporting public access to publicly funded research
$450 million – Round 4($2 billion over four years)
California Community Colleges require Creative Commons
Attribution for Chancellor’s Office Grants & Contracts
Publicly funded resources should be openly licensed resources.
openpolicynetwork.org
Institute for Open Leadership
1st Institute: January, 2015
massive change By: sookie http://www.flickr.com/photos/sookie/31219031
CC BY
U.S. House Appropriations Committee draft FY2012 Labor, Health and Human Services funding bill
SEC. 124. None of the funds made available by this Act for the Department of Labor may be used to develop new courses, modules, learning materials, or projects in carrying out education or career job training grant programs unless the Secretary of Labor certifies, after a comprehensive market-based analysis, that such courses, modules, learning materials, or projects are not otherwise available for purchase or licensing in the marketplace or under development for students who require them to participate in such education or career job training grant programs.
http://appropriations.house.gov/UploadedFiles/FY_2012_Final_LHHSE.pdf
U.S. House Appropriations Committee draft FY2012 Labor, Health and Human Services funding bill
SEC. 124. None of the funds made available by this Act for the Department of Labor may be used to develop new courses, modules, learning materials, or projects in carrying out education or career job training grant programs unless the Secretary of Labor certifies, after a comprehensive market-based analysis, that such courses, modules, learning materials, or projects are not otherwise available for purchase or licensing in the marketplace or under development for students who require them to participate in such education or career job training grant programs.
http://appropriations.house.gov/UploadedFiles/FY_2012_Final_LHHSE.pdf
Defeate
d
Faculty: My asks of you:
(1) Before you order your textbook(s)for next semester… please lookat Open Textbooks (e.g., OpenStax)and other OER.(2) What OER can you reuse, revise,remix from others?(3) License your works with CC!
College Leadership: My ask of you:
• Add OER / OA to strategic plans• Open Policy on discretionary grants• Support faculty: time/money/PD• Make this a Univ-wide conversation• Make heroes out of open leaders• Track & report cost savings, KPIs• CC licenses on your MOOCs
KPIs
• $ saved when a course section / course / department moves to open textbooks
• faculty time saved when sharing OER across the college / system
• tuition $ gained if fewer students drop during the add/drop period (in courses with open textbooks / open curriculum)
• course completion rates• reduced time to degree• course outcomes / proficiency• other metrics / KPIs important to the system /
college
College Leadership: My ask of you:
• Add OER / OA to strategic plans• Open Policy on discretionary grants• Support faculty: time/money/PD• Make this a Univ-wide conversation• Make heroes out of open leaders• Track & report cost savings, KPIs• CC licenses on your MOOCs
November 19-21 | Washington, D.C.
www.openedconference.org
the opposite of open isn’t “closed”
the opposite of open is “broken”
Attribution: John Wilbanks
Get Creative Commons Updates
bit.ly/commonsnews
Credits
● Open Policy Network slides – from Tim Vollmer @ Creative
Commons
● Big idea Icon - from the Noun Project, Public Domain
● Blueprint Icon - by Dimitry Sokolov, from The Noun Project -
CC BY
● Check List Icon - by fabrice dubuy, from The Noun Project -
CC BY
● Hackathon - by Iconathon 2012 - CC0
● Question Icon - by Rémy Médard, from The Noun Project - CC
BY
5 Challenges of OER (for this afternoon):
(1) Faculty Doesn't Know what To Do with OER(2) Not Everyone Trusts Free Resources(3) Expectations Around OER Quality are High(4) Institutional Processes Aren't Always Flexible(5) No Effective Discovery and Assessment OER Toolhttp://campustechnology.com/Articles/2013/04/24/5-Hurdles-to-OER-Adoption.aspx?Page=2
Principles• Policy is a solution to a
problem, not an end in itself• Passing policy is only half of
the battle, implementation is what makes it work
• Policy is not the equivalent of changing culture CC BY: Nicole Allen: SPARC
Making the Case• Know where stakeholders
stand (faculty, bookstore, college, publishers), and partner with students – your best ally
• Focus on the local impacts of OER and have data to back it up
• Keep explanations of OER simple
CC BY: Nicole Allen: SPARC
What You Can Do
• Educate legislators (federal and state) on the public policy case for OER
• Consider how OER can fit into YOUR legislative agenda
• Watch for OER legislation and opportunities (both good and bad)
CC BY: Nicole Allen: SPARC
Policy• Ensure publicly funded resources are
openly licensed• Create programs that directly advance
OER• Induce or call for action on OER• Create or change policy frameworks
that enable advancement on OER
CC BY: Nicole Allen: SPARC
OER Enhances Academic Freedom
• OER provides faculty with more choices for their courses
• OER allows for permission free editing and adaptation
• OER prevents faculty from being locked into a particular platform or system
At the course level:
In the market place:
• OER should not be legislated or mandated• OER needs to stand on it’s own vis a vis publisher
material
CC BY: OpenStax College
X Limits access
Digital Rights Management:
Open Licenses:
Unlimited Access (never expires) Unlimited printing/use across devices Encourages sharing on informal learning networks
Digital Rights Management
CC BY: OpenStax College
Neelie Kroes
Vice-President of the European Commission responsible for the Digital Agenda
WCIT'10 - Press-conference of Neelie Kroes by: WCIT2010 is licensed CC BY 2.0: https://www.flickr.com/photos/centralasian/4644968977/ Notes from speech at OKFN 2014: Embracing the open opportunity: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-14-556_en.htm
CC BY-NC-ND046: Rule #2: See Rule #1 By: William Couchhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/wcouch/2268610556
By M
ichael G
wyth
er-Jo
nes
http
://ww
w.fl
ickr.co
m/p
hoto
s/12
58
76
61
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06
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CC BY
• Efficient use of public funds to increase student success and access to quality educational materials.
• Everything else (including all existing business models) is secondary.
Only ONE thing Matters:
• Expand access to high-
quality materials• Support faculty choice
and development• Improve student success
Community College Consortium for OER (CCCOER)
http://oerconsortium.org
Come In, We're Open gary simmons cc-by-nc-sa flickr
Join our Community of OER Experts
• Collaborate on OER• Monthly webinars
NOV 12: OPEN PEDAGOGY
DEC 10: OER RESEARCH• Finding open textbooks workshops• Ensuring online accessibility• Gathering faculty and student feedback
http://oerconsortium.org
250+ colleges in 18 states/provinces
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