United States Department of Health and Human Services Health Resources and Services Administration Bureau of Health Professions NATIONAL COUNCIL OF STATE BOARDS OF NURSING (NCSBN) Faculty Shortage: Implications for Regulation Federal Funding Solutions Joan Weiss, PhD, RN, CRNP Acting Director Division of Nursing March 26, 2008
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United States Department of Health and Human Services Health Resources and Services Administration Bureau of Health Professions NATIONAL COUNCIL OF STATE.
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United States Department of Health and Human ServicesHealth Resources and Services Administration
Bureau of Health Professions
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF STATE BOARDS OF NURSING (NCSBN)
Faculty Shortage: Implications for RegulationFederal Funding Solutions
Joan Weiss, PhD, RN, CRNP
Acting Director
Division of Nursing
March 26, 2008
ANALYZING THE SUPPLY OF THE FUTURE NURSE EDUCATOR WORKFORCE FROM THE
NATIONAL SAMPLE SURVEY OF REGISTERED NURSES
DEFINITION OF NURSE FACULTY
Nurse Faculty:
Nurse Faculty are nurses who hold a primary position as a Dean, professor, or instructor who educationally prepares registered nursing students at the associates, baccalaureate, master’s and doctoral degree levels.
-NSSRN, 2004
NSSRN 2004 FINDING:NURSING FACULTY EMPLOYMENT
Program Employment Distribution of Nursing Faculty
42.1%
35.3%
9.5%
3.5%9.8%
Bachelor's or Higher Degree
Associate Degree
Diploma and Other Programs
CNS or Nurse Assistant
Other
Over 56,500 RNS are employed as faculty in nursing programs
NSSRN 2004: FACULTY IN BS OR HIGHER PROGRAMS
10.1%
28.8%
5.4%
19.3%
7.9% 0.9%
Dean, Director or Assist./Assoc.Dir.ofNursing
Prof./Assist./Assoc. Prof. full-time
Prof./Assist./Assoc. Prof. part-time
Instructors full-time
Instructors part-time
Consultants
NSSRN 2004: FACULTY RNS IN BS OR HIGHER PROGRAMS BY RACE/ETHNIC BACKGROUND
81.5%
6.2%4.6%1.3% 4.7%
White/non- Hispanic
Asian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic
Black, non- Hispanic
Two or more races
Not specified
NSSRN 2004: FACULTY RNs IN BS OR HIGHER PROGRAMS BY HIGHEST EDUCATIONAL
PREPARATION
22.8%
39.7%
36.6%
0.4%0.6%
Diploma in Nursing
AD in Nursing
Baccalaureate in Nursing
Masters Degree
Doctorate Degree
NSSRN 2004: PERCENTAGE OF FULL-TIME AND PART-TIME FACULTY
* N= 11,888 for Full-time Instructors
*21%
8.9%
16.5%
6.9%2.6%
Full-time Instructors
Part-time Instructors
Full-time Associate,Assistant, or FullProfessorsDean orAssistant/AssociateDirectors of NursingProfessor orAssistant/AssociateProfessor
*
NSSRN 2004: FACULTY RNs IN BS OR HIGHER PROGRAMS BY AGE OF NURSES
Average Age of RNs is 50.4 years
10.1%
15.5%
36.3%
38%
Under 35 years
35 to 45 years
45 to 55 years
55 years or older
NSSRN 2004: FACULTY RNs IN BS OR HIGHER PROGRAMS BY TIME IN ACTIVITIES
13.8%
45%7.4%
6.1%
2.7%
24.7%
Direct Patient Care
Teaching
Adminstration
Research or Consulting
Other
No Dominant Function
NSSRN 2004: FACULTY RNs IN BS OR HIGHER PROGRAMS BY UNIT WITH MOST PATIENT CARE
25.9%
22.1%7.6%
7.2%
5.8%
5.4%
4.1%6.8% 2.4%
General/ specialty inpatientcare
Critical Care (ICU/CCU)
Step Down/Transitional
Labor/Delivery Room
Outpatient Department
Emergency Department
Operating Room.Perioperative, Sub-Acute
No Specific Area/MultipleUnits
Other Specific Area
NSSRN 2004: FACULTY RNs IN BS OR HIGHER PROGRAMS BY PERCENT OF TIME IN TEACHING
19.1%
19.1%
16.6%16.1%
28.9%
None
Less than 26 percent
26-50 percent
51-75 percent
Over 75 percent
NSSRN 2004: FACULTY RNs IN BS OR HIGHER PROGRAMS BY PERCENT OF TIME IN RESEARCH
54.2%36.1%
5.8% 2.7% 2.8%
None
Less than 26 percent
26-50 percent
51-75 percent
Over 75 percent
NSSRN 2004: FACULTY RNs IN BS OR HIGHER PROGRAMS BY SATISFACTION WITH PRINCIPAL
NURSING POSITION
37.9%
47.3%
4.0%5.7% 4.0%
Extremely Satisfied
Moderately Satisfied
Neither Satisfied/Dissatisfied
Moderately Dissatisfied
Extremely Dissatisfied
NSSRN 2004: FACULTY RNs IN BS OR HIGHER PROGRAMS BY PORTION OF YEAR IN PRINCIPAL
POSITION
82.8%
17.2%
Entire calendar or academic year
Only part of year
NSSRN 2004: THE AVERAGE EARNINGS OF NURSING FACULTY BY PROGRAM
$58,880
$51,512
$45,261
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
BS or Higher Programs AD Programs Diploma and Other Programs
HRSA PREPARES QUALIFIED NURSING FACULTY
IN THREE AREAS:
1. Advanced Education Nursing Program (AEN) (Supports for Masters and Doctoral education)
– Advanced Education Nursing Program (AEN)– Advanced Education Nurse Traineeship Program (AENT)– Nurse Anesthetist Traineeship Program (NAT)
2. Nurse Education Practice and Retention Program (NEPR)
– Faculty Development Initiative– Integrated Technology into Nursing Education and Practice
(ITNEP)
3. Nurse Faculty Loan Program (NFLP)
ADVANCED EDUCATION NURSING PROGRAM (AEN)
LEGLISATION: TITLE VIII- SECTION 811
Sec. 811– A major component of Title VIII legislation is to provide:
• program grants for the enhancement of advanced education and practice, and
• traineeship grants to institutions for student support in advanced education
Section 811: Levels of Programs• Master’s and Doctoral programs• Combined RN/Master’s programs• Post-nursing Master’s certificate programs• Certificate nurse-midwifery programs in existence on November 12, 1998
DIVISION OF NURSING (DN) BUDGET FY 2006- 2008
* in millions
$0.00
$20.00
$40.00
$60.00
$80.00
$100.00
$120.00
$140.00
$160.00
FY 06 FY 07 FY 08
Advanced Education Nursing
Nursing Workforce Diversity
Nurse Education, Practice andRetention
Loans and Scholarships
Nurse Faculty Loan
Comprehensive GeriatricEducation
TOTAL
ELIGIBLE APPLICANTS FOR AEN & NFLP PROGRAMS
Eligible Applicants must be accredited:• Collegiate schools of nursing; • Academic health centers; and• Other public or private entities accredited by a national
nurse education accrediting agency or State approval agency recognized by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Education.
Length of Support:• Competing Applications
• Three (3) years
• No planning year allowed: Projects should be ready to enroll students in the first semester/quarter after funding.
GUIDELINES FOR AEN PROGRAMS
• Projects that have a nursing educator component must: – lead to a master’s degree, post-master’s certificate or doctoral degree – provide evidence of adherence to national nursing organizational guidelines and competencies
• Programs must prepare nurse educators to:– function in a complex educational environment – to teach traditional as well as non-traditional learners using a variety of emerging technologies and interdisciplinary skills.
• Graduates must be eligible for national nursing organization certification in advanced practice or advanced level specialty.
AEN GRANTS WITH A NURSE EDUCATOR FOCUS 2006-2007
Educator Programs by Degree Level
•Doctoral: A program of instruction beyond the baccalaureate and master’s degrees in nursing (e.g. PhD, DNS, DSN, DNSc, DNP). Doctoral programs in nursing fall into two principal types: research focus and practice focus.
•MSN: An advanced program of instruction beyond the associate and baccalaureate degrees in nursing (e.g. MSN, MS). Master-level programs have a range of nursing specialties (nurse educator, nurse-midwifery, forensic, nurse practitioner, anesthesia, etc.)
•Post-MSN Certificate: A formal, post-graduate program for registered nurses with master's degrees that awards a certificate and academic credit that is documented on a graduate transcript from the school for completion of the program of study as a Nurse Practitioner, Nurse-Midwife, Clinical Nurse Specialist, or other advanced level nursing program of study.
AEN GRANTS WITH A NURSE EDUCATOR FOCUS BY DEGREE LEVEL 2006-2007
* 2007 includes 2-MSN and 2-Doctoral no-cost extension grants. In the PhD only category, one program offers the BSN/ PhD Option.
*
57
12 13
5
18
5
2
7
3 3
6
2 3
5
28
20
48
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Doctoral only MSN only MSN and Post-MSN Certificate
MSN andDoctoral
Post-MSNCertificate and
Doctoral
Total AllProgram Levels
per year
2006
2007
Cum. Total All Program Levels 2006- 2007
*
*
AEN: GRANTS WITH NURSE EDUCATORFUNDING SUPPORT 2006-2007
DOCTORAL PROGRAMS THAT PREPARE QUALIFIED NURSE FACULTY
• Arizona State University, College of Nursing (# 05320)
– DNS for roles as faculty, clinical nurse leaders, and evidence-based clinical researchers
• University of South Alabama (# 07984)– DNP for roles as a nurse educator
• University of Nevada, Las Vegas Board of Regents, NSHE (# 07966)
- PhD for roles as a nurse educator
• Marquette University (# 00571)– PhD for roles as teacher-scholars
DOCTORAL PROGRAMS THAT PREPAREQUALIFIED NURSE FACULTY (CONT.)
• University of Colorado, CO Springs (# 07976)– DNP roles in faculty development
• University of Washington (# 07344)– DNP for roles as an educator with a focus on health care
• University of Cincinnati (# 05327)– BSN-PhD for roles as faculty and clinical nurse leaders
addressing rural health, health disparities, and health promotion
• University of Texas, Arlington (# 07342)– BSN-PhD for roles as faculty and clinical nurse leaders
addressing rural health, health disparities, and health promotion
DOCTORAL PROGRAMS THAT PREPAREQUALIFIED NURSE FACULTY (CONT.)
No- Cost Extension Grants:
• Hampton University (# 00247)
- PhD roles as a nurse educator
• University of Arizona (# 03116)
- DNSc program in faculty development as a nurse leader
ADVANCED EDUCATION NURSE TRAINEESHIP PROGRAM (AENT)
PURPOSE
Authorizes grants to meet the costs of traineeships that will pay all or part of the costs of the tuition, books, reasonable living expenses and fees of graduate students enrolled in advanced education nursing programs.
USE OF GRANT FUNDS
• Stipends (maximum of $8,800 per student)
• Full tuition and fees
• Trainee travel is not allowable
• Required textbooks up to $500 per trainee.
• Books for library or personal/professional use may not be charged to the grant.
• Only full-time, first-year nurse anesthesia students may be supported under the AENT program.
• Institutions should submit a separate Nurse Anesthetist Traineeship Program grant application to support nurse anesthesia students enrolled beyond the first 12 months of study.
ELIGIBLE STUDENTS
Eligible Student must be:
• Enrolled full-time or part-time (within the last 12 months of study prior to graduation)
• In an advanced education nursing program for preparation as a:
• nurse practitioner, • nurse-midwife,• nurse anesthetist,• clinical nurse specialist, • public health nurse,• nurse administrator,• nurse educator, *• or “other” nurse specialty determined by the Secretary to require advanced education
Students must also be:
• Pursuing a Master’s or doctoral degree, a combined RN to Master’s degree, a nurse-midwifery certificate, or a post-nursing Master’s certificate
• Citizen of the United States, a non-citizen national, or foreign national who possesses a visa permitting permanent residence in the United States
• Eligible for national nursing certification in the nursing specialty or field of study (as applicable) following graduation
ELIGIBLE STUDENTS
NURSE ANESTHESIA TRAINEESHIP PROGRAM (NAT)
PURPOSE
• Authorizes grants to meet the costs of traineeships for licensed registered nurses enrolled as full-time students beyond the twelfth month of study in a master’s or doctoral nurse anesthesia program.
• Traineeships will pay all or part of the costs of the tuition, books, fees and reasonable living expenses of the individual during the period for which traineeship is provided.
ELIGIBLE STUDENTS
Eligible Students must be:
• A registered nurse enrolled at the institution in a qualified advanced education nursing program
• Citizen of the United States, a non-citizen national, or foreign national who possesses a visa permitting permanent residence in the United States
• Enrolled full-time beyond the 12 months of study
• Eligible to sit for the certification examination from the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists Council on Certification of Nurse Anesthetists to become a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA)
STATUTORY FUNDING PREFERENCE (AENT & NAT)
Preference will be given to qualified applicants that demonstrate a:
• High rate of graduates accepting positions in medically underserved areas; and a
• Minimum of 40% of graduates who spend at least 50% of work time in these areas.
Special consideration will be given to eligible applicants who:
• will use the award to train advanced education nurses who will practice in Health Profession Shortage Areas (HPSAs)
• provide applicant assurance
• meet a minimum 10% of students who sign commitments to practice in HPSAs after graduation
NURSE FACULTY LOAN PROGRAM (NFLP)
NURSE FACULTY LOAN PROGRAM PURPOSE
The Nurse Faculty Loan Program (NFLP) is
authorized under-
Title VIII, Section 846A of the Public Health Service Act, as amended by the Nurse Reinvestment Act of 2002 to increase the number of qualified nursing faculty.
NURSE FACULTY LOAN PROGRAM STRATEGIC GOALS
Promote recruitment of nursing students to become nurse faculty,
Provide financial support for students enrolled in an advanced education nursing program to prepare qualified nurse faculty, and
Retain loan recipients as nurse faculty by providing loan cancellation over a consecutive four-year period.
Collegiate schools of nursing or another entity within the college/university that offers advanced degree nursing program can apply for NFLP funds.
Schools must offer an advanced education nursing degree program(s) that is fully accredited and prepares qualified nurse faculty.
Schools must be located in the U.S., District of Columbia, or U.S. territories.
NURSE FACULTY LOAN PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY
HHS enters into an agreement with a school of nursing and makes an award, the Federal Capital Contribution (FCC), to establish and operate a distinct account for the NFLP fund.
The school must contribute an Institutional Capital Contribution (ICC) amount equal to at least 1/9 of the FCC award. The ICC must be deposited and used as part of the NFLP fund.
NURSE FACULTY LOAN PROGRAM ESTABLISHMENT
The NFLP fund may only be used for the depositof the FCC and ICC; –
to make loans to students enrolled full-time in a master’s or doctoral nursing degree program with an education component that will prepare them to teach;
for the deposit of collections of principal & interest on loans made from the NFLP fund; and
for the cost of collection of NFLP loans.
NURSE FACULTY LOAN PROGRAM ESTABLISHMENT (CONT.)
Student Eligibility
U.S. Citizenship or Permanent Resident
Full-time Enrollment in the eligible nursing program (Adding part-time enrollment in FY 2008)
Good Academic Standing
Not in Default on Other Federal Loans
NURSE FACULTY LOAN PROGRAM BENEFICIARY ELIGIBILITY
NURSE FACULTY LOAN PROGRAM BENEFICIARY ELIGIBILITY
Other Requirements
NFLP loan recipients must enroll for a minimum of two consecutive terms/semesters during the academic year.
NFLP loan recipients must complete the specified education component to prepare qualified nurse faculty prior to graduating from the nursing program.
NURSE FACULTY LOAN PROGRAM PROVISIONS
Students may borrow a maximum of $30,000/ year for no more than 5 years of support.
NFLP loans may be used to cover full/ partial tuition, the costs of fees, books and other reasonable education expenses. Personal living expenses or stipends are not supported.
NOTE: NFLP is not a need-based program.
NURSE FACULTY LOAN PROGRAM PROVISIONS
Following completion of the program, NFLP loan recipients may cancel up to 85% of the NFLP loan over a consecutive four-year period when they serve as full-time faculty at a school of nursing.
NFLP loan recipients receive cancellation of the loan principal and interest –
20% cancellation upon completion of each 1st , 2nd and 3rd year of employment as full-time faculty; and
25% cancellation upon completion of the 4th year of employment as full-time faculty.
NFLP loans bear interest on the unpaid balance at
a rate of 3% per year – beginning three months after completion of the program
NFLP loans bear interest on the unpaid balance at
the prevailing market rate over the period of the
loan – beginning three months after the borrower drops from the
program
NURSE FACULTY LOAN PROGRAM INTEREST RATE
NURSE FACULTY LOAN PROGRAM INTEREST RATE
NFLP loans bear interest on the unpaid balance atthe prevailing market rate over the period of theloan –
if, following graduation from the program, the borrower does not establish employment following the 9 month grace period;
or when the borrower ceases to be employed as full-time faculty at a school of nursing within the 4-year NFLP loan cancellation period allowed.
NURSE FACULTY LOAN PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION
The School of Nursing is the eligible applicant; therefore the school of nursing must submit the NFLP application.
The Financial Aid Office generally administers the NFLP fund and conducts activities, i.e. –
The NFLP Annual Operating Report (AOR) is used to monitor and evaluate institutional performance.
Schools must complete and submit the AOR annually. The AOR is used to report expenditures for the NFLP fund annually and covers the period from July 1 through June 30 the following year.
NURSE FACULTY LOAN PROGRAM AWARD APPROPRIATIONS 2003-2007
FACULTY DEVELOPMENT: INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGY INTO NURSING EDUCATION AND
PRACTICE INITIATIVE (ITNEP)
TITLE VIII: SECTION 831 LEGISLATION
Three Priority Areas:
1. Education Purposes 1: To expand enrollment in baccalaureate nursing programs 2: To develop and implement internships and residency programs 3: To provide education in new technologies including distance learning
2. Practice Purposes1: Establish or expand nursing practice arrangements in non-institutional
settings2: Provide care for underserved populations and other high risk groups3: Provide managed care, quality improvement, and other skills needed to practice in existing and emerging organized health care systems4: Develop cultural competencies among registered nurses
3. Retention Purposes1: Career ladder bridge programs which promote career advancement for registered nurses and nursing personnel 2: Enhancing patient care delivery systems
PURPOSE
Support nursing collaboratives for faculty development in the use of information and other technologies
Nursing collaboratives will use healthcare information systems to:
– Establish linkages with community colleges, Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), Tribal Colleges and Universities (TCUs), Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs);
– Enhance nursing education and practice;
– Optimize patient safety; and
– Drive improvements in health care quality.
PURPOSE (CONT.)
Nursing collaboratives –
– Train nurse faculty to effectively teach students to utilize integrated technologies.
– Offer state-of-the-art training sites.
– Promote the awareness of the latest simulated learning, informatics, and telehealth trends, advances, and issues.
– Develop an innovative faculty development plan in the use of simulated learning, informatics, and telehealth.
ELIGIBILITY
Collegiate schools of nursing capable of carrying out program goals and objectives
Eligible applicants must have a formal partnership with one or more: Academic health centers Schools of nursing Accredited public or private institutions Public or private entity
TYPE OF AWARD
Cooperative Agreement –
is a form of a Federal grant;
has substantial involvement from the Federal government; and
dominant role and prime responsibilities are with grantee.
Five-year grants
PARTICIPATING ITNEP SCHOOLS FY 2007
• Duke University ( # 37263)– Collaborated with other universities to provide new information and skills to
nursing faculty seeking to include advanced educational and clinical technologies into their curricula. Topical focus on distant learning, faculty development, informatics, interdisciplinary training, medical economics, patient safety/ medical errors, and telemedicine/ telehealth.
• University of Wisconsin- Madison ( # 37272)– Has a collaborative RN-BSN curriculum, created a faculty development model,
provides faculty mentorship in new educational technologies, teaches faculty to use virtual reality, e-learning resources, mannequin-based and problem-based simulations. Topical focus on distant learning, faculty development, informatics, and telemedicine/telehealth.
• University of Wisconsin- Madison ( # 39897)– Created a collaborative faculty development model which includes simulated
learning, informatics, and telehealth.
• University of Pittsburgh ( #39961)– Faculty development program focuses on teaching faculty skills in
implementation, evaluation and dissemination of such learning technologies as telehealth, distance learning, informatics, and human simulation at the undergraduate and graduate levels.
ITNEP: ESTIMATED NUMBER OF FACULTY TRAINED FOR FY 2007
Participating Schools Proj. Est. # of Faculty to be Trained
Duke University 75
University of Wisconsin-Madison 30
University of Kansas Medical Center 30-50
University of Pittsburgh 30-50
PRESENTATION SUMMARY
HRSA addresses the nursing faculty shortage through: AEN Nurse Educator Program grants AENT/NAT NFLP FDIT for Faculty Development
In the NFLP program HRSA had 119 participating schools in 2007.
Out of those 119 participating schools; the NFLP program had: 729 enrollees, 347 graduates, and 73 graduates employed in faculty positions.
PRESENTATION SUMMARY CONT.
Summary of Outputs: Number of Participating Schools