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United Nations Statistics Division International Family of International Family of Classifications Classifications Work on classifications Work on classifications
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United Nations Statistics Division International Family of Classifications Work on classifications.

Jan 13, 2016

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Page 1: United Nations Statistics Division International Family of Classifications Work on classifications.

United Nations Statistics Division

International Family of International Family of ClassificationsClassifications

Work on classificationsWork on classifications

Page 2: United Nations Statistics Division International Family of Classifications Work on classifications.

OverviewOverview Programme on Statistical ClassificationsProgramme on Statistical Classifications Bodies of International Classifications Bodies of International Classifications

Statistical CommissionStatistical Commission Expert Group / Technical SubgroupExpert Group / Technical Subgroup

International Family of ClassificationsInternational Family of Classifications Types of ClassificationsTypes of Classifications History of Economic/Trade ClassificationsHistory of Economic/Trade Classifications Relationships between ClassificationsRelationships between Classifications

Role of CustodiansRole of Custodians

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Programme on Statistical Programme on Statistical ClassificationsClassifications

To To develop and maintaindevelop and maintain economic and social economic and social classifications approved as guidelines by the United classifications approved as guidelines by the United Nations Nations Statistical CommissionStatistical Commission

To provide To provide technical supporttechnical support for development, for development, implementation, interpretation, maintenance, updating implementation, interpretation, maintenance, updating and revision of these classificationsand revision of these classifications

To prepare and To prepare and disseminatedisseminate classifications methods and classifications methods and materials, i.e., statements of best practice, explanatory materials, i.e., statements of best practice, explanatory notes, indexes, correspondence tables, coding strategies notes, indexes, correspondence tables, coding strategies and methodsand methods

To To coordinatecoordinate international international cooperationcooperation in the area of in the area of statistical classifications through the statistical classifications through the Statistical Statistical CommissionCommission and through activities of the United Nations and through activities of the United Nations Expert GroupExpert Group on International Economic and Social on International Economic and Social Classifications. Classifications.

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Statistical CommissionStatistical Commission

Established: 16Established: 16thth February 1946 February 194624 members, according to 24 members, according to

geographical distribution pattern:geographical distribution pattern: 5 members from Africa5 members from Africa 4 members from Asia4 members from Asia 4 members from Eastern Europe4 members from Eastern Europe 4 members from Latin America & Caribbean4 members from Latin America & Caribbean 7 members from Western European and other States7 members from Western European and other States

4 years membership4 years membership1 meeting per year (since 1999)1 meeting per year (since 1999)

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Statistical CommissionStatistical CommissionCommission shall assist the Economic & Social Commission shall assist the Economic & Social

Council:Council:• ““In promoting the In promoting the development of national statisticsdevelopment of national statistics and the and the

improvement of their comparability;improvement of their comparability;• In the In the coordinationcoordination of the statistical work of specialized of the statistical work of specialized

agencies;agencies;• In the development of the In the development of the central statistical servicescentral statistical services of the of the

Secretariat; Secretariat; • In In advising the organsadvising the organs of the United Nations on general of the United Nations on general

questions relating to the collection, analysis and questions relating to the collection, analysis and dissemination of statistical information; dissemination of statistical information;

• In promoting the In promoting the improvement of statisticsimprovement of statistics and statistical and statistical methods generally.”methods generally.”

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Expert Group on Statistical Expert Group on Statistical ClassificationsClassifications

• Central Central coordinatingcoordinating body for classification body for classification mattersmatters

• Ensures harmonization and Ensures harmonization and convergenceconvergence among among classifications in the familyclassifications in the family

• Recommends, Recommends, examinesexamines changes/updates changes/updates• Adopts schedules for updatesAdopts schedules for updates• Can install Can install subgroupssubgroups

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Technical Subgroup (TSG)Technical Subgroup (TSG)

carries out technical, analytical or carries out technical, analytical or exploratory tasks exploratory tasks

reports back to Expert Group reports back to Expert Group currently there are two TSGs, currently there are two TSGs,

concerned with revisions of ISIC and concerned with revisions of ISIC and COICOPCOICOP

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Page 9: United Nations Statistics Division International Family of Classifications Work on classifications.

Statistical Classifications A statistical classification is a set of categories

which may be assigned to one or more variables registered in statistical surveys or administrative files, and used in the production and dissemination of statistics.

The categories are defined in terms of one or more characteristics of a particular population of units of observation.

A statistical classification may have a flat, linear structure or may be hierarchically structured, such that all categories at lower levels are sub-categories of a category at the next level up.

The categories at each level of the classification structure must be mutually exclusive and jointly exhaustive of all objects in the population of interest.

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Statistical Classifications

Not intended to provide an exact description of a characteristic or an object

Provide categories into which the characteristics can be grouped May be broad or narrow – e.g. for

different levels in the classification

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Family of ClassificationsFamily of ClassificationsWhat is the Family of International What is the Family of International

Classifications?Classifications? Classification, whose custodians follow the “best Classification, whose custodians follow the “best

practices”practices”

What’s the purpose?What’s the purpose? Enforce cooperation, coordination and improve qualityEnforce cooperation, coordination and improve quality

Which Classifications belong to the Which Classifications belong to the Family?Family? Subject matter areas:Subject matter areas:

Activities Products ExpendituresTrade Health EducationEmployment Environment

International & (multi-)nationalInternational & (multi-)national

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Types of ClassificationsTypes of Classifications

Within each area there are:Within each area there are:Reference ClassificationsReference ClassificationsDerived ClassificationsDerived ClassificationsRelated ClassificationsRelated Classifications

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Example: Activity Example: Activity classificationsclassifications

Reference classificationReference classification ISIC Rev.4ISIC Rev.4

Derived classificationDerived classification NACE Rev.2NACE Rev.2

Related classificationsRelated classifications NAICS, ANZSICNAICS, ANZSIC

ISIC Rev. 4

NAICS

NACE Rev. 2

ANZSIC

National VersionsNational Versions

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Reference ClassificationsReference Classifications

Product of Product of international agreementinternational agreement Approved by UN Statistical Commission (or other Approved by UN Statistical Commission (or other

international board) and recommended as “model international board) and recommended as “model classification”classification”

Means of Means of harmonizationharmonization of international statistics of international statistics GuidelinesGuidelines for the preparation of (multi-)/national for the preparation of (multi-)/national

classificationsclassifications Used for data collection and Used for data collection and comparisoncomparison at the at the

international levelinternational level DefineDefine structure and building blocks structure and building blocks

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Requirements for Reference Requirements for Reference ClassificationsClassifications

Have to be Have to be generalgeneral enough to enough to be applicable to all countriesbe applicable to all countries provide room for national adaptation and provide room for national adaptation and

specificationsspecificationsHave to be Have to be specificspecific enough to enough to

allow for useful data collectionallow for useful data collection provide reasonable guidelines for creation of provide reasonable guidelines for creation of

national classificationsnational classifications

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Requirements for Reference Requirements for Reference ClassificationsClassifications

orchestrated updates within the orchestrated updates within the familyfamily

Long-term schedule of updatesLong-term schedule of updates Example: activity and product classification Example: activity and product classification

recommended to be reviewed in 5 year recommended to be reviewed in 5 year intervals (2002, 2007, etc.)intervals (2002, 2007, etc.)

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Derived ClassificationsDerived Classifications

Based on the Reference ClassificationBased on the Reference ClassificationAdopt structureAdopt structure

consistency of aggregatesconsistency of aggregates

Respect building blocksRespect building blocks additional detail where necessaryadditional detail where necessary

Tailored for use at national or multinational Tailored for use at national or multinational levellevel

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Related ClassificationsRelated Classifications

Only partial concordanceOnly partial concordanceDiffer in structure and/or building blocks Differ in structure and/or building blocks

from reference classificationsfrom reference classificationsLinked mainly through correspondence Linked mainly through correspondence

tablestables many links will refer to partial correspondencesmany links will refer to partial correspondences

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Economic activity classification

Reference International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC Rev.1, Rev.2, Rev.3, Rev.3.1, Rev.4)

Derived Standard Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE Rev.1, Rev.2)

RelatedThe North American Industry Classification System (NAICS-Canada 1997, 2002, 2007; NAICS-Mexico 1997, 2002, 2007; NAICS-US 1997, 2002, 2007)

Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC 1993, 2006)

Product Classification

ReferenceCentral Product Classification (CPC Provisional, Ver.1, Ver.1.1, Ver.2)Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS 1988, 1996, 2002, 2007)

Derived Standard International Trade Classification (SITC, Rev.1, Rev.2, Rev.3, Rev.4)

Expenditure According to Purpose Classification

Reference

Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG)

Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose (COICOP)Classification of the Purposes of Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households (COPNI)Classification of the Outlays of Producers According to Purpose (COPP)

Employment, occupation or education classification

Reference

International Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE-93)

International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88, 08)

International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED 1997)

Social or Health Classification

Reference

International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10)

International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH)

International Classification of Functioning and Disability (ICIDH-2)

International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)

Country and Area Classification

Reference Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use (M49, Rev.4)

Other Classifications

Reference

Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5)

Government Finance Statistics (GFS)

Classification of Environmental Protection Activities and Expenditure (CEPA)

Other Trial International Classification of Activities for Time-Use Statistics (ICATUS)

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Family of International Statistical Classifications

In 2013 Expert Group meeting: Broadening of the concept of the Family No longer restricted to small set of

formally approved classifications Include also those that are de-facto

standards in some areas (e.g. environment)

Subject classifications to a review against “Principles for international classifications”

Page 21: United Nations Statistics Division International Family of Classifications Work on classifications.

Statistical Classifications

Why do we need so many classifications? Categorize different characteristics, even

for the same object E.g. for enterprises:

Activity Size Ownership type

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Some examples

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Economic ClassificationsEconomic Classifications

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Economic ClassificationsEconomic Classifications

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Links between Links between classificationsclassifications

Within subject matter areas (e.g. Products)Within subject matter areas (e.g. Products) e.g. CPC e.g. CPC HS HS

Between subject matter areas (e.g. Products, Between subject matter areas (e.g. Products, Activities)Activities) e.g. ISIC e.g. ISIC HS ; ISIC HS ; ISIC CPC CPC

Between types of classifications only (e.g. Activities)Between types of classifications only (e.g. Activities) e.g. ISIC e.g. ISIC NACE NACE NAICS NAICS

Between types of classifications and subject matter Between types of classifications and subject matter areas (e.g. Activities, Products)areas (e.g. Activities, Products) e.g. ISIC e.g. ISIC SITC SITC

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Links between Links between classificationsclassifications

Can generally be of the form Can generally be of the form (from A to B):(from A to B): One-to-oneOne-to-one

Results can be transformed in both Results can be transformed in both waysways

3120

4403.41

4403.49

4403.91

4403.99

31104403.2

AB

• One-to-manyOne-to-many• Results of B can be compared in terms of AResults of B can be compared in terms of A

• Many-to-manyMany-to-many• Results can’t be compared in any directionResults can’t be compared in any direction

• Many-to-oneMany-to-one

• Results of A can be compared in terms of BResults of A can be compared in terms of B

8838.514161

4163

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More linksMore links

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More linksMore links

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More linksMore links

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More linksMore links

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More linksMore links

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Roles of CustodiansRoles of Custodians

Maintenance, update and revision of Maintenance, update and revision of “their” classification“their” classification

Follow family obligationsFollow family obligations Collaborate with other custodiansCollaborate with other custodians Willing to exchange information and work transparentlyWilling to exchange information and work transparently Contribute their experience for advancement of Contribute their experience for advancement of

Reference Classification (guidelines, definitions, Reference Classification (guidelines, definitions, interpretations,…)interpretations,…)

Coordinate timing of changes/updatesCoordinate timing of changes/updates Develop guidance and training materialsDevelop guidance and training materials

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Contacts and resourcesContacts and resources

Classifications Hotline

Email: [email protected]: unstats.un.org/unsd/class

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Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!