UNIT-III ELEMENTS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR AT WORK. ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR IS A FIELD OF STUDY; THAT INVESTIGATES; THE IMPACT OF INDIVIDUALS, GROUPS AND STRUCTURE;

UNIT-III

ELEMENTS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR AT WORK

ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR IS A FIELD OF STUDY; THAT INVESTIGATES;

THE IMPACT OF INDIVIDUALS, GROUPS AND

STRUCTURE; ON BEHAVIOUR WITHIN

ORGANISATIONS; FOR THE PURPOSE OF

APPLYING SUCH KNOWLEDGE; TOWARDS

IMPROVING ORGANISATION’S

EFFECTIVENESS.2

CONCEPT OF OB• A FIELD OF STUDY AND NOT A DISCIPLINE;• INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH;• AN APPLIED SCIENCE;• NORMATIVE & VALUE CENTRED;• HUMANISTIC & OPTIMISTIC;• ORIENTED TOWARDS ORGANISATIONS

OBJECTIVE(S); AND• A TOTAL SYSTEMS APPROACH.

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SOCIAL SYSTEMS, MUTUAL INTEREST & ETHICS

EMPLOYEE GOALS

ORGANISATION

EMPLOYEEETHICS

NEED OF ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

SUPERORDINATE GOALS OF MUTUAL

INTEREST

SOCIETY

MUTUAL ACCCOMPLISH -MENT OF GOALS

ORGANISATIONAL GOALS

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IMPORTANCE OF OB HELPS INDIVIDUALS TO UNDERSTAND THEMSELVES AND

OTHERS BETTER. (ATTITUDE, PERCEPTION, LEADERSHIP, COMMUNICATION, INTER-PERSONAL RELATIONS, MOTIVATION, GRIEVANCE, CONFLICT, TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS ETC) ;

THROUGH MOTIVATION UNDERSTAND ITS BASIS, TO GET BETTER RESULTS. (INDIVIDUALS, GROUPS, ORGANISATIONS) ;

HELPS TO IMPROVE COMMUNICATION SKILLS ; SEEKS TO SATISFY INDIVIDUAL NEEDS & ATTAIN OBJECTIVES ; SUGGESTS APPROACHES TO CREATE GOOD ORGANISATIONAL

CLIMATE / ENVIRONMENT :- GOOD PHYSICAL & MENTAL

WORKING CONDITIONS ; ADEQUATE COMPENSATION ; & BETTER EQUIPMENT / TOOLS

MUTUAL TRUST ; OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH ; RELATION WITH OTHERS ; & SENSE OF ACHIEVEMENT.

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FOUNDATIONS OF O.B.

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

NEED FOR MANAGEMENT

WHOLEPERSON

HOLISTICCONCEPT (ETHICS)

HUMAN DIGNITY (VALUES)

CAUSED BEHAVIOUR(MOTIVATION)

OB MUTUALITY OF

INTERESTS

SOCIALSYSTEMS

(PEOPLE) (ORGANISATION)6

PERSONALITYIS THE SUM TOTAL OF WAYS IN WHICH AN INDIVIDUAL REACTS AND INTERACTS WITH OTHERSCONCEPT:

HOW PEOPLE AFFECT OTHERS AND HOW THEY

UNDERSTAND & VIEW THEMSELVES, AS WELL

THEIR PATTERN OF INNER & OUTER MEASURABLE

TRAITS AND THE PERSON SITUATION INTERACTION.7

PERSONALITY- NATURE

BIOLOGICAL FACTORS(HEREDITARY, BRAIN, PHYSICAL FEATURES)

(MENTAL, EMOTIONAL STATES)

INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITY

FAMILY & GROUP FACTORS

(HOME, FAMILY, SOCIAL)(SOCIALISATION & IDENTIFICATION)

SITUATIONAL FACTORS

(RELIGIOUS PLACE, FESTIVAL)

CULTURAL FACTORS(INDEPENDENCE, AGGRESSION, COMPETITION, CO-OPERATION)

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PERSONALITY TRAITS• TRAITS ARE ENDURING QUALITIES OF AN INDIVIDUAL THAT ARE

NOT COMPLETELY INBORN BUT CAN BE DEVELOPED.EXAMPLES OF TRAITS:• EXTROVERSION• AGREEABLENESS• CONSCIENTIOUSNESSS• EMOTIONAL STABILITY• OPENNESSS TO EXPERIENCE

• LOCUS OF CONTROL• SELF ESTEEM• RISK TAKING

TYPES OF PERSONALITIES

• TYPE ‘A’

• TYPE ‘B’

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TYPES OF PERSONALITIES (Contd.)

TYPE ‘A’ PERSONALITY – TO ACHIEVE MORE & MORE IN LESS & LESS TIME.

• ARE ALWAYS MOVING, WALKING & EATING FAST,• FEEL IMPATIENT WITH THE RATE AT WHICH EVENTS TAKE

PLACE,• LIKE TO THINK OR DO TWO OR MORE THINGS AT A TIME.• CANNOT COPE WITH FREE TIME.• ARE OBSESSED WITH NUMBERS, MEASURING THEIR

SUCCESS IN TERMS OF HOW MANY OR HOW MUCH OF EVERY THING THEY ACQUIRE.

TYPE ‘A’ – OPERATE UNDER MODERATE TO HIGH STRESS LEVELS; FAST WORKERS, QUICK DECISION MAKERS, LESS CREATIVE.

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TYPES OF PERSONALITIES (Contd…)

TYPE – ‘B’ PERSONALITY• NEVER SUFFER FROM A SENSE OF TIME URGENCY.

• FEEL NO NEED TO DISPLAY OR DISCUSS EITHER THEIR ACHIEVEMENTS UNLESS IT IS DEMANDED BY THE SITUATION.

• PLAY FOR FUN & RELAXATION RATHER THAN TO EXHIBIT THEIR SUPERIORITY AT ANY COST.

• CAN RELAX WITHOUT FEELING GUILTY. 12

PERCEPTIONIS A PROCESSe , BY WHICH INDIVIDUALS ORGANISE AND INTERPRET THEIR SENSORY IMPRESSIONS, IN ORDER TO GIVE MEANING TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT.

•e - PROCESS IS INTELLECTUAL & PSYCHOLOGICAL HENCE SUBJECTIVE; BECAUSE• EACH INDIVIDUAL MAY HAVE DIFFERENT MEANING FOR THE SAME THING IN HIS/HERENVIRNONMENT.

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CHARACTERISTICSOF TARGET

CHARACTERISTICSOF PERCEIVER

CHARACTERISTICSOF SITUATION

OUTPUTS• ATTITUDES• OPINIONS• FEELINGS• VALUES

MECHANISMSELECTION INTERPRETATION

ORGANISATION

INPUTS• OBJECTS• EVENTS• PEOPLE

BEHAVIOUR

(VARIABLES)

(VARIABLE)

PERCEPTION PROCESS

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CHARACTERISTICS OF TARGETAFFECTING SELECTION- PERCEPTION

1. SIZE2. INTENSITY3.REPETITION4. NOVELITY OR FAMILIARITY5. CONTRAST6. MOTION7.STATUS8. VISIBILITY TRAITS

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CHARACTERISTICS OF PERCEIVER-AFFECTING PERCEPTION

1.SELF CONCEPT2.BELIEFS3.EXPECTATIONS4.INNER NEEDS5.RESPONSE DISPOSITION6.RESPONSE SALIENCE7.PERCEPTUAL DEFENCE8.PERSONALITY9.MENTAL SET

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CHARACTERISTICS OF SITUATIONAFFECTING PERCEPTION

1. TIME

2. WORK SETTING

3. SOCIAL SETTING

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PRINCIPLES OF PERCEPTUAL ORGANISATION

• FIGURE GROUND• GROUPING-PROXIMITY OR SIMILARITY• SIMPLIFICATION• CLOSURE

MANAGEMENT & BEHAVIOURAL APPLICATIONS OF PERSONALITY & PERCEPTION

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MANAGEMENT & BEHAVIOURAL APPLICATIONS OF PERSONALITY & PERCEPTION

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MANAGEMENT & BEHAVIOURAL APPLICATIONS OF PERSONALITY & PERCEPTION