Unit 3 REVIEW. Unit 3 Topics Articles of Confederation Shay’s Rebellion Constitutional Convention & Compromises Federalists & Anti Federalists The Preamble’s.

Unit 3 REVIEW

Unit 3 Topics

• Articles of Confederation• Shay’s Rebellion• Constitutional Convention & Compromises• Federalists & Anti Federalists• The Preamble’s Goals • Principles of the Constitution• The Constitution (Structure)• The Bill of Rights • Federalism

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

• 1. Provided for a weak national government

• 2. Congress had no power to tax• 3. Congress had no power to regulate commerce among the states

• 4. Provided no common currency• 5. One vote per state regardless of size

• 6. Provided no executive or judicial branch

Shay’s Rebellion Causes

• Causes: (Post war conditions)– Uneven distribution of wealth– Farmers in debt– No veteran’s pay– Printing of money: Farmers wanted to print money, wealthy

did not.

IN MASSACHUSETTS…• Massachusetts raised taxes to reduce debt -> result, heavy burden

fell on farmers (more tax on land than goods) and they were angry!!!• Massachusetts even suspended the writ of habeas corpus!

Shay’s Rebellion

• Farmers Rebel!!!• To prevent their farms & houses from being foreclosed,

farmers close courthouses (August 1786)• Led by Daniel Shay, Farmers march to the state arsenal

to seize weapons and march to Boston, the state capital (state supreme court).

• Fire is exchanged at the arsenal (state militia is there to defend the arsenal) - 4 farmers are killed. Reinforcements of troops arrive the next day to end the rebellion.

Outcome

• Wealthy are WORRIED that the republic was in danger! The rebellion showed that there was instability and lack of control. They also thought that if the poor got more rights, that they (the wealthy) would lose rights!

• Members of the lower & Middle classes argued for a stronger central government!

• SHAYS REBELLION REFLECTS THE WEAKNESSES OF THE AOC

Convention and Compromises

• In 1787 A convention was held in Philadelphia to revise the AOC, however a new constitution will be written.

• It gave more power to the National gov’t than state gov’ts.

Compromises

Issue: Representation in the legislatureLarge States – Virginia Plan – Population

based representation Small States – New Jersey Plan – Equal

representationOUTCOME: Great Compromise – 2

house legislature with both.

Compromises

• Issue: Slaves counting toward population• Northern States: Don’t want to count slaves

toward population• Southern States: Do want to count slaves

toward population. – OUTCOME: 3/5th compromise: Every 5 slaves

would count as 3 people toward the states population count for representation in the legislature.

Federalists vs. Anti-federalists

• Federalists: support strong federal/central/national government. Supported constitution bc it gave more power to the national gov’t.

• Anti-Federalists: weak national gov’t- states gov’t have more power. Did not support the constitution. (Bill of rights was added to please the Anti-federalists)

Principle of the Constitution

• Popular Sovereignty – People have the Power • Federalism – National > State• Rule of Law – Law applies = to everyone• Checks & Balances – 3 branches can check

each other.

Clauses

• Supremacy Clause: The Constitution is the supreme law of the land (trumps state law).

• Elastic/Necessary & Proper Clause: a statement in the U.S. Constitution (Article I, Section 8) granting Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers.

The Constitution (Structure)

• Preamble: Goals of the Constitution• Article 1: Legislative Branch• Article 2: Executive Branch• Article 3: Judicial Branch• Article 4: States Created, Full Faith & Credit• Article 5: Amendment process• Article 6: Supremacy clause• Article 7: Ratification Process• Bill of Rights: Rights that the PEOPLE have

Preamble Goals

1. Form a more perfect union2. Establish justice3. Ensure domestic tranquility 4. Provide for the common defense5. Promote the general welfare6. Secure the blessings of liberty

The Bill of Rights• 1. Freedom of Speech, Press, Petition, assembly & Religion • 2. Right to bear arms• 3. No Quartering soldiers• 4. No Search and Seizure• 5. Eminent domain, due process, double jeopardy• 6. right to an attorney . fair and speedy trial • 7. Right to a jury trial in civil cases. • 8. protection from cruel and unusual punishment• 9. People Rights• 10. Rights not given to the fed gov’t are reserved to the states

Checks & Balances