Top Banner
63

UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

Nov 16, 2014

Download

Documents

CHILL AND ENJOY
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN
Page 2: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

INTRODUCTION

• Unemployment is a global phenomenon. Mostly the problem occurs in developing countries of the world, which not only affects them socially but also psychologically. The study focuses on the causes and consequences of unemployment in Pakistan and attempts to offer recommendations for its alleviation.

Page 3: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

SEQUENCE

• PART 1.

a. UNEMPLOYMENT

b. TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT

CAPT MUHAMMAD ZIA BASHIR KHAN

Page 4: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

SEQUENCE

• PART 2.

a. MEASURING UNEMPLOYMENT

b. UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

MR. MUNAWAR REHMAN

Page 5: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

SEQUENCE

• PART3.

a. FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT

IN PAKISTAN

MR. AMIR ANWAR

Page 6: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

SEQUENCE

• PART 4.

a. CONSEQUENCES OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

MR. JAMIL KHAN

Page 7: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

SEQUENCE

• PART 5.

a. RECOMMENDATIONS

• CONCLUSION

• FAQS

MISS UZMA

Page 8: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

UNEMPLOYMENT

Page 9: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

UNEMPLOYMENT

• Unemployed – A person is said to be "unemployed" if he or she is looking

for work, is willing to work at the prevailing wage, but is unable to find a job.

• Unemployment – Unemployment refers to the condition of being

unemployed, or to the number or proportion of people in the working population who are unemployed.

– ILO (International Labour Organisation) measure– the number of people available for work and actively seeking employment

Page 10: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT

Page 11: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

VOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT

• Unemployment when attributed to personal decisions.

– Leaving one job and looking for another

Page 12: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

INVOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT

• Unemployment when attributed to the socio economical environments(external environments).– Modern trends in technology.

Page 13: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

LONG TERM UNEMPLOYMENT

• The condition of unemployment for more than one year there by leading to social exclusion.

Page 14: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

SHORT TERM UNEMPLOYMENT

• The condition of unemployment less than a year is referred to short term unemployment

– Fresh job seekers– Switching employees

Page 15: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

FRICTIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT

• Frictional Unemployment - dynamic labor force in a stable economy with imperfect information.

• It occurs when a worker moves from one job to another. While he is searching for a job, he is experiencing frictional unemployment.

• Fresh graduates

Short term

Promoters– Imperfect information– disincentives

Page 16: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT

• Structural Unemployment - stable labor force in a dynamic economy with mismatch between skills of labor and skills demanded.

• Caused by a mismatch between jobs offered by employees and potentials of employers

• Tech bubble

• Long term

Page 17: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

SEASONAL UNEMPLOYMENT• Seasonal Unemployment - unemployment that

results from the normal seasonal change in aggregate economic activity or environment.

• Tourism

• Sky diving

• Training activities

• variable

Page 18: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

CYCLIC UNEMPLOYMENT

• Cyclical Unemployment - stable labor force in an unstable economy. Unemployment that results from a decline in aggregate economic activity

• Demand Deficient Unemployment – where AD is less than AS• Great depression of 1930• Present state

Page 19: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

CLASSICAL UNEMPLOYMENT

• Real Wage or Classical Unemployment – caused by wage rates being held above market clearing levels

Page 20: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

TECHNOLOGICAL UNEMPLOYMENT

• Technological Unemployment – caused where people are put out of work by changes in technology

• Down sizing because of advancement

Page 21: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

GEOGRAPHICAL UNEMPLOYMENT

• Geographical unemployment:-occurs due to geographical immobility of labor

• Incentives for investors• Reducing barrios to free movement

Page 22: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

THIN LINING UNEMPLOYMENT

• Hidden unemployment• Casual unemployment

Page 23: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

BRAIN CHANGE

Page 24: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

MEASURING UNEMPLOYMENT

Page 25: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

MEASURING UNEMPLOYMENT

LABOUR FORCE

EMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYED

Page 26: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

MEASURING UNEMPLOYMENT

Employed

Worked one ormore hours

for pay?

Unemployed

Unemployed

Temporarylayoff?

Searched forwork?

Yes

Yes

Yes

Not in Labor Force

No

No

No

Page 27: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

MEASUREMENT OF UNEMPLOYMENT

Employed persons

+ Unemployed persons

= Total labor force

+ Not in labor force

= Civilian noninstitutional population (16 and over)

Page 28: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

MEASURING UNEMPLOYMENT

Unemployment Rate (percent)

= Unemployed X 100

Total Labor Force

Page 29: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

Page 30: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTANLABOUR FORCE• 50.58 million• country comparison to the world: 11

LABOUR FORCE BY OCCUPATION• agriculture: 43%• industry: 20.3%• services: 36.6%

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE• 2009 : 7.40%• WORLD RANKING : 92

Page 31: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

Page 32: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

Page 33: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

GEARING UP

Page 34: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT

Page 35: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT

Nepotism

Insurgency

Globalistation

Population growth

Decreased investment

Landless rural area

Page 36: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

FACTORS OFUNEMPLOYMENT

• Poor Governance: Good governance is an essential pre-condition for employment as it establishes the enabling regulatory and legal framework essential for the sound functioning of land, labor, capital and other factors of market. Whereas, good governance is considered to be non-existent in Pakistan and poor governance is taken one of the key underlying causes of unemployment in Pakistan.

Page 37: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT

• Lack of Education & Rampant Illiteracy: The country’s education indicators portray a dismal picture when compared with other countries. More specifically, the public expenditure on education have been around 2% in Pakistan compared to other (low income) countries of the region. Since, foundation of any development in socio-economic sector is corollary to the level of education / skills of its human capital therefore, general perception that one of the main causes of the unemployment in Pakistan is pitiable state of education across the country.

Page 38: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT

• Landlessness in Rural area: Being from an agricultural country, most of the people of Pakistan have farming as their primary source of living. This source is shrinking with the division of lands amongst the family members and increasing population thereby depriving honorable way of living to the families furthermore increasing unemployment.

Page 39: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT

• Non-Transparency in Resource Allocation: The lack of transparency in public sector planning, budgeting and allocation of resources in Pakistan has been the hallmark of our financial resource planners and policy makers. Political or the ruling leadership has never responded to the real needs of the populace and accountable to the promises they made with the public. Resultantly, without having regards of the real stakeholders or the potential beneficiaries, the priorities for the development were determined by the bureaucracy

Page 40: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT

• Political Instability: Political stability is fundamental to the creation of an enabling environment for growth and development. Economic agents, particularly investors, must be reassured with regard to the continuation of policies, should have confidence in the government’s credibility in order to operate effectively, and in the case of investors, be induced to take risks. Unfortunately the political dilemma has furthermore cornered this issue

Page 41: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT

• Insurgency : The perceived security threat on its eastern border that has dominated Pakistan’s political culture, followed by continuous threat on western borderand war against terrorism as first line state . All these factors have in turn affected growth, and subsequently unemployment levels in the country.

Page 42: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT

• Corruption & Corrupt Practices: Corruption is one of the most dangerous factor that eroded Pakistan’s economic and governance system since its inception.

• In 2008, Pakistan was ranked as the 46th most corrupt country out of the 180 countries of the world. The persistently rampant corruption in Pakistan not only jeopardizes its resolve to fight against unemployment rather adding to the menace of unemployment from all direction.

Page 43: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT

Page 44: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT

• Nepotism: nepotism at every level in Pakistan has polluted the environment both socioeconomically and psychologically, the employee who suits the jobs best is kept deprived to flourish his abilities.

• Globalisation: it has further increased the menace of unemployment in two basic ways

a. Brain drainb. Global recession

Page 45: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT

• Social order: in Karachi, Balochistan ,Punjab and almost every parts of the country supplemented with war against terror has retarded Pakistan production process. The worsening situation is affecting the social order as a whole and adding to uncertainties in business circles, thereby increasing unemployment in the country.

Page 46: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT

• Population Growth: Due to rapidly increasing population the problem of food shortage in most developing countries are compounded by inadequate provision of basic services such as health and sanitation facilities, shelter and safe drinking water, also lack of education and increasing unemployment. Owing to shrinking developmental funds visa vise population growth. Resultantly the phenomenon gives further rise to the unemployment rate.

Page 47: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT

• Privatization: is yielding opposite results then the intended ones. National assets are going in to foreign hands, companies are monopolizing their ownership, they downsize and do not except the existing criteria, thereby playing a solid role in unemployment

Page 48: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT

• Declining Foreign Investment: Owing to number of factors Pakistan has not been able to attract needed level of FDI despite its pro liberalization and investor friendly policies. These factors include; political instability, rising trend in terrorism, social disorder and unsatisfactory law and order situation particularly in the, city of Karachi, the largest industrial and commercial Centre and the only port of the country. thus feeding the unemployment rates.

Page 49: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT

• Energy crises: Leading example in this case is the textile industry of Faisalabad, where almost 70% of growth has been jeopardized because of energy crises thereby increasing unemployment.

Page 50: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

LINKING A-HEAD

Page 51: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

CONSECUENCES

Page 52: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

CONSEQUENCES

• Individual effects:The individual costs for the unemployed– Loss of income– Fall in real living standards– Loss of self-esteem– Increased health risks

• Stress• Reduction in quality of diet• Social exclusion because of loss of work and income

– Deskilling and demotivation

Page 53: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

CONSEQUENCES

• Social effects– Low morale values– Security threats– Increase crimes– Family breakdowns– Vandalism– Increased involvement of foreign elements

(MOSSAD, RAW, CIA, MOIS, NDS)

Page 54: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

CONSEQUENCES

• Economical effects– Fall in sales– Fall in profits– Fall in revenue– Decreased economic growth

• Positive aspects– Bulk of employers always available– Less turnover

Page 55: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

KEEP AWAKE, BORING PART IS OVER

Page 56: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

RECOMMENDATIONS

Page 57: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

RECOMMENDATIONS

• Good governance• Education • Transparency in resource allocation• Stable political government• Refined policies• Continuity of policies• Security of investors• Broadly defined internal security plans

Page 58: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

RECOMMENDATIONS

• Security of investors• Broadly defined internal security plans• Advanced skill refresher courses• Check and balance• Better strategies and planning

Page 59: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

CONCLUSION

Page 60: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN
Page 61: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

Those, living with the unemployment in Pakistan’s

present a depressing challenge for our socio-political

gurus and economic managers. unemployment in

Pakistan can only be alleviated by sharpening the

human capital by improving literacy and investing in skill

development, good governance, community

empowerment, long term economic growth, socio-

political justice and real term democratic culture. The

international community under the guise of Friends of

Pakistan on 17th April 2009, at Tokyo rallied to support

Pakistan’s economic program with more than US$5

billion in funding designed to meet its immediate needs

and protect expenditures on safety net and human

development initiatives critical for poor people. The

amount exceeded initial expectations and offers strength

and opportunities to Pakistan’s politico-economic

managers to march towards unemployment free

Pakistan. Pakistan has been experiencing many serious

problems. It cannot be expected for everything to be

fixed overnight. It is very important though to establish

goals and set up priorities. What is needed most is a

stable democratic government, basic essentials for all,

access to proper education and healthcare and social

justice for all in stable social order line in Pakistan’s

present a depressing challenge for our socio-political

gurus and economic managers. unemployment in

Pakistan can only be alleviated by sharpening the

human capital by improving literacy and investing in skill

development, good governance, community

empowerment, long term economic growth, socio-

political justice and real term democratic culture. The

international community under the guise of Friends of

Pakistan on 17th April 2009, at Tokyo rallied to support

Pakistan’s economic program with more than US$5

billion in funding designed to meet its immediate needs

and protect expenditures on safety net and human

development initiatives critical for poor people. The

amount exceeded initial expectations and offers strength

and opportunities to Pakistan’s politico-economic

managers to march towards unemployment free

Pakistan. Pakistan has been experiencing many serious

problems. It cannot be expected for everything to be

fixed overnight. It is very important though to establish

goals and set up priorities. What is needed most is a

stable democratic government, basic essentials for all,

access to proper education and healthcare and social

justice for all in stable social order governance,

community empowerment, long term economic growth,

socio- political justice and real term democratic culture.

The international community under the guise of Friends

of Pakistan on 17th April 2009, at Tokyo rallied to

support Pakistan’s economic program with more than

US$5 billion in funding designed to meet its immediate

needs and protect expenditures on safety net and

human development initiatives critical for poor people.

The amount exceeded initial expectations and offers

strength and opportunities to Pakistan’s politico-

economic managers to march towards unemployment

free Pakistan. Pakistan has been experiencing many

serious problems. It cannot be expected for everything

to be fixed overnight. It is very important though to

establish goals and set up priorities. What is needed

most is a stable democratic government, basic

essentials for all, access to proper education and Those,

living with the unemployment in Pakistan’s present a

depressing challenge for our socio-political gurus and

economic managers. unemployment in Pakistan can

only be alleviated by sharpening the human capital by

improving literacy and investing in skill development,

good governance, community empowerment, long term

economic growth, socio- political justice and real term

democratic culture. The international community under

the guise of Friends of Pakistan on 17th April 2009, at

Tokyo rallied to support Pakistan’s economic program

with more than US$5 billion in funding designed to meet

its immediate needs and protect expenditures on safety

net and human development initiatives critical for poor

people. The amount exceeded initial expectations and

offers strength and opportunities to Pakistan’s politico-

economic managers to march towards unemployment

free Pakistan. Pakistan has been experiencing many

serious problems. It cannot be expected for everything

to be fixed overnight. It is very important though to

establish goals and set up priorities. What is needed

most is a stable democratic government, basic

essentials for all, access to proper education and

healthcare and social justice for all in stable social order

line in Pakistan’s present a depressing challenge for our

socio-political gurus and economic managers.

unemployment in Pakistan can only be alleviated by

sharpening the human capital by improving literacy and

investing in skill development, good governance,

community empowerment, long term economic growth,

socio- political justice and real term democratic culture.

The international community under the guise of Friends

of Pakistan on 17th April 2009, at Tokyo rallied to

support Pakistan’s economic program with more than

US$5 billion in funding designed to meet its immediate

needs and protect expenditures on safety net and

human development initiatives critical for poor people.

The amount exceeded initial expectations and offers

strength and opportunities to Pakistan’s politico-

economic managers to march towards unemployment

free Pakistan. Pakistan has been experiencing many

serious problems. It cannot be expected for everything

to be fixed overnight. It is very important though to

establish goals and set up priorities. What is needed

most is a stable democratic government, basic

essentials for all, access to proper education and

healthcare and social justice for all in stable social order

governance, community empowerment, long term

economic growth, socio- political justice and real term

democratic culture. The international community under

the guise of Friends of Pakistan on 17th April 2009, at

Tokyo rallied to support Pakistan’s economic program

with more than US$5 billion in funding designed to meet

its immediate needs and protect expenditures on safety

net and human development initiatives critical for poor

people. The amount exceeded initial expectations and

offers strength and opportunities to Pakistan’s politico-

economic managers to march towards unemployment

free Pakistan. Pakistan has been experiencing many

serious problems. It cannot be expected for everything

to be fixed overnight. It is very important though to

establish goals and set up priorities. What is needed

most is a stable democratic government, basic

essentials for all, access to proper education and

healthcare and social justice for all in star. Those, living

with the unemployment in Pakistan’s present a

depressing challenge for our socio-political gurus and

economic managers. unemployment in Pakistan can

only be alleviated by sharpening the human capital by

improving literacy and investing in skill development,

good governance, community empowerment, long term

economic growth, socio- political justice and real term

democratic culture. The international community under

the guise of Friends of Pakistan on 17th April 2009, at

Tokyo rallied to support Pakistan’s economic program

with more than US$5 billion in funding designed to meet

its immediate needs and protect expenditures on safety

net and human development initiatives critical for poor

people. The amount exceeded initial expectations and

offers strength and opportunities to Pakistan’s politico-

economic managers to march towards unemployment

free Pakistan. Pakistan has been experiencing many

serious problems. It cannot be expected for everything

to be fixed overnight. It is very important though to

establish goals and set up priorities. What is needed

most is a stable democratic government, basic

essentials for all, access to proper education and

healthcare and social justice for all in stable social order

line in Pakistan’s present a depressing challenge for our

socio-political gurus and economic managers.

unemployment in Pakistan can only be alleviated by

sharpening the human capital by improving literacy and

investing in skill development, good governance,

community empowerment, long term economic growth,

socio- political justice and real term democratic culture.

The international community under the guise of Friends

of Pakistan on 17th April 2009, at Tokyo rallied to

support Pakistan’s economic program with more than

healthcare and social justice for all in stable social order.

.

.

Page 62: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

YOUR QUESTIONS ARE SIGN OF YOUR INTEREST AND OUR SUCCESS

GO AHEAD

Page 63: UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN

ITS TIME FOR CHAGNE

!!!