Uid 2maks With Answer

1

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

Semester: 107, Year: IV, Regulation: 2008

IT2024-USER INTERFACE DESIGN

2 marks with answers

ASHWINI B

Siva Institute Of Frontier Technology

Chennai

WWW.VIDYARTHIPLUS.COM

WWW.VIDYARTHIPLUS.COM V+ TEAM

IT2024-USER INTERFACE DESIGN

SYLLABUS

UNIT I INTRODUCTION

Human–Computer Interface – Characteristics Of Graphics Interface – Direct Manipulation

Graphical System – Web User Interface –Popularity –Characteristic & Principles.

UNIT II HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION

User Interface Design Process – Obstacles –Usability –Human Characteristics In Design –

Human Interaction Speed –Business Functions –Requirement Analysis – Direct – Indirect

Methods – Basic Business Functions – Design Standards – System Timings – Human

Consideration In Screen Design – Structures Of Menus – Functions Of Menus– Contents Of

Menu– Formatting – Phrasing The Menu – Selecting Menu Choice– Navigating Menus–

Graphical Menus.

UNIT III WINDOWS

Characteristics– Components– Presentation Styles– Types– Managements– Organizations–

Operations– Web Systems– Device– Based Controls Characteristics– Screen – Based Controls –

Operate Control – Text Boxes– Selection Control– Combination Control– Custom Control–

Presentation Control.

UNIT IV MULTIMEDIA

Text For Web Pages – Effective Feedback– Guidance & Assistance– Internationalization–

Accessibility– Icons– Image– Multimedia – Coloring.

UNIT V WINDOWS LAYOUT– TEST

Prototypes – Kinds of Tests – Retest – Information Search – Visualization – Hypermedia –

WWW– Software Tools.

TEXT BOOKS: 1. Wilbent. O. Galitz ,―The Essential Guide To User Interface Design‖, John Wiley& Sons, 2001.

2. Ben Sheiderman, ―Design The User Interface‖, Pearson Education, 1998.

REFERENCES: Alan Cooper, ―The Essential Of User Interface Design‖, Wiley – Dream Tech Ltd., 2002.



UNIT-I

1. What is the impact of Human characteristics in UID?

Perception

Memory

visual acuity

foveal and peripheral vision

sensory storage

information processing

learning

2. Define Human Computer Interaction.

User interface design is a subset of a field of study called human-computer interaction (HCI).

Human-computer interaction is the study, planning, and design of how people and computers

work together so that a person’s needs are satisfied in the most effective way.

3. What is the need for direct manipulation?

The system is portrayed as an extension of the real world.

Objects and actions are continuously visible.

Actions are rapid and incremental with visible display of results

4. What are the benefits of good design?

To improve screen clarity and readability.

It reduces decision making time.

Identifying and resolving problems during the design and development

5. List any four Graphical system disadvantages.

Greater design complexity

Learning still necessary

Lack of experimentally-derived design guidelines

Inconsistencies in technique and terminology .



6. State the Characteristics of Direct Manipulation.

The system is portrayed as an extension of the real world

Continuous visibility of objects and actions:

Actions are rapid and incremental with visible display of results

Incremental actions are easily reversible:

7. What are visually presented elements in a graphical system?

Windows

Menus.

Icons.

Screen based controls.

Mouse point and cursor.

8. Define the User Interface.

It is the parts of the computer and its software that people can touch, feel, talk to ,or otherwise

understand and direct. It is a sub field to Human-computer interaction study.

9. What Are The Characteristics Of The Graphical User Interface?

Sophisticated Visual Presentation

Pick-and-Click Interaction

Restricted Set of Interface Options

Visualization

Object Orientation

Use of Recognition Memory

Concurrent Performance of Functions



10. List Graphical System Advantage

Symbols recognized faster than text

Faster learning

Faster use and problem solving

Easier remembering

More natural

Fewer errors

11. Write Differences between GUI and Web Design

GUI WEB DESIGN User hardware variations limited. User hardware variations enormous. Screens appear exactly as specified. Screen appearance influenced by hardware being used.

12. Define Extranets.

An extranet is a special set of intranet Web pages that can be accessed from outside an organization or company.

Typical examples include those for letting customers check on an order’s status or letting suppliers view requests for proposals.

13. What are the similarities between GUI and web interface design?

They are interactive.

Both are used by people.

Both are software design.



UNIT-II

1. State the Different types of users.

The users of intranets, being organization employees, know a lot about the organization, its

structure, its products, its jargon, and its culture. Customers use Internet sites and others who

know much less about the organization, and often care less about it.

2. Give any 2 applications which utilize the human interaction speed.

Reading-The average adult, reading English prose in the United States, has a reading

speed in the order of 250 to 300 words per minute.

Listening-Words can be comfortably heard and understood at a rate of 150 to 160 words

per minute.

3. Write the Merits of Cascade Menus.

The advantages of cascading menus are that:

The top-level menus are simplified because some choices are hidden.

More first-letter mnemonics are available because menus possess fewer alternatives.

High-level command browsing is easier because subtopics are hidden.

4. What is the need for Design standards?

Design standards must also be created (if not already available), usability goals

Established, and training and documentation needs determined.

A design standard or style guide documents an agreed-upon way of doing something. In

interface design it describes the appearance and behaviour of the inter-face and provides

some guidance on the proper use of system components. It also defines the interface

principles, rules, guidelines, and conventions that must be followed in detailed design.

5. Give any three Guide lines for designing conceptual model.

Reflect the user’s mental model not the designer’s: A user will have different

expectations and levels of knowledge than the designer. So, the mental models of the user

and designer will be different. The user is concerned with the task to be performed, the

business objectives that must be fulfilled.



Draw physical analogies or present metaphors: Replicate what is familiar and well

known. Duplicate actions that are already well learned. A metaphor, to be effective, must

be widely applicable within an interface.

Comply with expectancies, habits, routines, and stereotypes: Use familiar

associations, avoiding the new and unfamiliar. With color, for example, accepted

meanings for red, yellow, and green are already well established. Use words and symbols

in their customary ways.

6. Define usability.

It describes the effectiveness of human performance. It can be defined as the capability to be used

by humans easily and effectively.

7. What are the direct methods in requirement analysis? The direct methods consist of:

Individual Face to Face interview.

Telephone Interview or survey.

Traditional Focus group.

Facilitated team work group.

Requirements Prototyping.

Usability Laboratory testing.

8. Functions of Menus?

Navigation to a new menu

Execute an action or procedure

Displaying information

Data or parameter input

9. What are the Contents of Menus?

menu context : Provides information to keep the user oriented.

menu title :

Provides the context for the current set of choices.

Choice descriptions: are the alternatives available to the user. These descriptions can range

from a mnemonic, numeric, or alphabetized listing of choices to single words or phrases to full sentences or more.



Completion instructions: tell the users to indicate their choices.

10. What Are the Kinds of Graphical Menus?

Menu bar

Pull-down menu

Cascading menu

Pop-up menu

Tear-off menu

Iconic menu

Pie Menu

11. Define pull down menu.

It is the first level menus used to provide access to common and frequently used application

action that take on a wide variety of different windows.

12. What is known as Tabbing?

When a screen is first presented, the cursor must be positioned in the first field or control in

which information can be entered. Tabbing order must then follow the flow of information as it is

organized on the screen.

13. What are the Usability Problems? Mandel (1994) lists the 10 most common usability problems in graphical systems as reported by IBM

usability specialists. They are:

Ambiguous menus and icons.

Languages that permit only single-direction movement through a system.

Input and direct manipulation limits.

Highlighting and selection limitations.

14. Define indirect methods.

An indirect method of requirements determination is one that places an intermediary between the developer and the user. This intermediary may be electronic or another person.



UNIT-III

1. What is the need of tool bar?

To provide easy and fast access to most frequently used commands or options across

multiple screens.

To invoke a sub application within an application.

To use in place of certain menu items

2. Name the components of windows.

Frame or Border

Boundary to define shape. If sizable, contains control points for resizing.

Title Bar Text Name of object being viewed in window.

Control point for moving window.

Title Bar Icon Small version of icon for object being viewed.

Access point for commands that apply to the object.

Title Bar Buttons Shortcuts to specific commands.

Close

3. What are the types of Presentation Styles?

There are two basic styles, commonly called tiled or overlapping.

Tiled Windows

Tiled windows derive their name from common floor or wall tile. Tiled windows appear in one plane on the screen and expand or contract to fill up the display surface, as needed.

Most systems provide two-dimensional tiled windows, adjustable in both height and

width.

Overlapping Windows Overlapping windows may be placed on top of one another like papers on a desk.

They possess a three-dimensional quality, appearing to lie on different planes.



4. List is the need for Text boxes?

A Text Entry control contains text, free-form in nature that is exclusively entered or

modified using the keyboard. A Read-Only control will contain text or values being

presented for reading or display purposes only

Text box into which information can be keyed is called an unprotected field. A text box

used for display purposes only is referred to as a protected field.

5. What is the need for device based control?

Device-based controls, often called input devices, are the mechanisms through which people

communicate their desires to the system.

Direct devices are operated on the screen itself. Examples include the light pen, the

finger, and voice.

Indirect devices are operated in a location other than the screen, most often on the

desktop.

6. What are the Merits of Track ball?

Direct relationship between hand and pointer movement in terms of direction and speed.

Does not obscure vision of screen.

Does not require additional desk space (if mounted on keyboard).

7. Define Window

The application program in Windows operating system is opened in rectangular area on the desktop.

This rectangular area is known as window.

8. Device Based Controls:

They are the mechanism through which people communicate their desires to the system, also known as input devices. Characteristics of device Based Controls:

To point an object on the screen.

To select the object or identify it as the focus of attention

To drag an object across the screen

To draw something free form on the screen

To track or follow a moving object



To orient or position an object

To enter or manipulate data or information

9. Define Popup List

A popup list appears initially as a box containing some sort of label. When the user clicks on the box,

a larger box containing a variety of choices will "pop up." By moving the mouse, the user can cause another choice to become selected.

10. Define Spin Boxes.

A spin box is a box containing some value, with up and down arrows on one side and generally a label on the other. By clicking the up or down arrow, different values will appear in the box.

11. Differentiate between cascading and unfolding.

Cascading: A cascade is used when advanced options at a lower level in complex dialog must be presented. Present the additional dialog box in cascaded form.

Unfolding: To provide advanced options at the same level in a complex dialog. Provide a

command button with an expanding dialog symbol.

12. What is meant by graphic tablet?

A graphic tablet is a device with horizontal surface sensitive to pressure, heat, light or the

blockage of light. It may lie on the desk or may be incorporated on a keyboard and is operated

with fingers & light pen.



UNIT-IV

1. What do you mean by internationalization of user interface?

Internalization is the process of isolating culturally specific elements from a product.

(Ex) The german text of a program developed in germany, it is isolated from the program itself.

2. What are the different types of messages?

Status messages.

Informational messages.

Warning messages.

Critical messages.

Question messages.

3. State the Categories of Users.

Users of the earliest computer systems were mandatory or nondiscretionary. That is, they

required the computer to perform a task that, for all practical purposes, could be performed no other way.

This newer kind of user is the office executive, manager, or other professional, whose

computer use is completely discretionary.

4. Characteristics of Icons

Syntactic is an icon’s physical structure

Square, round, red, green, big, small?

Semantics is the icon’s meaning

To what does it refer?

Pragmatics is how the icon is physically produced

Can it be illustrated clearly?



5. Kinds of Icon

Icon—Something that looks like what it means

Index—A sign that was caused by the thing to which it refers

Symbol—A sign that may be completely arbitrary in appearance

Resemblance—An image that looks like what it means

Symbolic—An abstract image representing something

Exemplar—An image illustrating an example or characteristic of something

Arbitrary—An image completely arbitrary in appearance whose meaning must be learned

Analogy—An image physically or semantically associated with something

6. What type of words used in effective communication?

Short familiar words

Standard alphabetic characters

Complete words

Positive terms

Simple action words

Consistent words

7. What are the 3 properties of color?

Color possesses 3 properties such as hue chroma or saturation and valve or intensity:

Hue is the spectral wave length composition of a color.

Chroma or satuaration is the purity of a color in a scale from gray to the most vivid

version of the color.

Valve or intensity is the relative lightness or darkness of a color in a range from black to

white.



8. What are the characteristics of a successful Icon?

Looks different from all other icons.

Is obvious what it does or represents.

Is recognizable when no larger than 16 pixels square.

Looks as good in black and white as in color.

9. Purpose of Graphics

Navigational

To identify links that may be followed.

Representational

To illustrate items mentioned in text

Organizational

To depict relationships among items mentioned in text

Explanative

To show how things or processes work

Decorative

To provide visual appeal and emphasis

10. What is meant by response time?

Feed back to an user for an action must occur within certain time limits. System should match the

speed and flow of human through processes.

11. What is meant by icon?

Icons are used to represent objects and action with users can interact with or they can manipulate.

It may be stand alone on a desktop or in a window. It is to reinforce important information a

warning icon in a dialog message box.



12. Mention the properties of a color.

Hue: It is the spectral wavelength composition of a color.

Chroma or Saturation: It is the purity of a color in a scale from gray to the most vivid version of the color.

Value or Intensity: It is the relative lightness or darkness of a color in a range from black

to white.

13. What is meant by contextual Help?

It provides information within the context of a task being performed or about a specific object

being operated. Common kinds of contextual help command buttons, status bar messages and tool

tips.



UNIT-V

1. Importance of Usability Testing:

Developers and users possess different models

Developer’s intuitions are not always correct.

There is no average user.

It’s impossible to predict usability from appearance.

Design standards and guidelines are not sufficient

2. Usability Test Disadvantages

High cost for establishing facility

Requires test conductor with interface expertise

Emphasizes first-time system usage

Poorly suited for detecting inconsistency problems

3. Visualization techniques:

The following are examples of some common visualization techniques:

Constructing isosurfaces

direct volume rendering

Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines

table, matrix

charts (pie chart, bar chart, histogram, function graph, scatter plot, etc.)

graphs (tree diagram, network diagram, flowchart, existential graph, etc.)

4. Define hypermedia.

Hypermedia is a term collectively referring to elements such as images, picture, audio, diagrams,

animations, etc., that helps in linking web pages so that the user can navigate and view through

the pages. They Are not one dimensional like textual links.



5. What is the need for Prototypes?

A prototype is primarily a vehicle for exploration, communication, and evaluation. Its purpose is

to obtain user input in design, and to provide feedback to designers.

6. What are the advantages of walkthrough?

Allow a clear evaluation of the task flow early in the design process.

Do not require a functioning prototype.

Low cost.

Can be used to evaluate alternate solutions.

Can be performed by developers.

More structured than a heuristic evaluation.

Useful for assessing ―exploratory learning.‖

7. What is meant by think-aloud evaluation?

The users perform specific tasks while thinking out load. The objective is to get the user to talk

continuously.

8. Define Visualization.

Visualization is any technique for creating images, diagrams, or animations to communicate a message.

Visualization through visual imagery has been an effective way to communicate both

abstract and concrete ideas since the dawn of man.

9. Define transition diagram.

It has a set of nodes that represents system states and a set of links between the nodes that

represents possible transitions. Each link is labeled with the user action that selects that link and

possible computer responses.



10. List some techniques utilized for information searching.

Specific fact finding(known item search)

Extended fact finding.

Phrase search in textual documents.

Multimedia document search include photo search, map search, design search, sound

search, video search and animation search.

11. What are the features of user-interface building tools?

User interface independence

Rapid prototyping

Methodology and notation

Uid 2maks With Answer

Documents

benefits of good design

humancomputer interaction

v team unit

graphical system disadvantages

unit iv multimedia text

screen clarity

text books

essential guide