Types of Government

Types of Government

GovernmentsHow do they run?

AutocracyGovernment by a single person having unlimited power. Restricted by

NO constitutional provisions or effective political opposition.

Advantages

1. It is fast. When one person makes all the decisions, no one needs to be consulted and time is not taken to gather a vote.

2. Helpful when critical decisions need to be made in a crises or for social control.

Disadvantages

1. Thoughts of other people are not considered.

2. Effects of decisions on other people are not considered.

3. Over time, autocratic decision making leads to distrust, low morale, and inefficient governing.

AutocracyRule of One

Types of AutocraciesAbsolute MonarchyTheocracyDictatorship

Saudi Arabia (Absolute Monarchy)Iraq (Dictatorship)Iran (Theocracy) Tsarist regimes in Russia (1892-1917)Nazi regime in Germany (1933-1945)

Examples of Autocratic Governments

Many nations who were once absolute monarchs , such as Jordan and Morocco, have moved to constitutional monarchies, although the monarch retains tremendous power.

Saudi Arabia King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia

http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3584.htm

Mecca – time for prayer

Water Problems: http://www.moneyandmarkets.com/oil-water-and-wheat-3-9667

Autocracy: Absolute MonarchySaudi Arabia

Autocracy: DictatorshipRule by a single leader who has not been elected. In other words, leader is in power without the people's consent. May use force to keep

control. In a military dictatorship, the army is in control. Usually, there is little or no attention to public opinion or individual rights.

Burma, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, China, Zimbabwe, West Indies, North Korea, Burma, Cuba, Chile, Uganda, Iraq, Equatorial Guinea, Sudan, and Turkmenistan

Autocracy: TheocracyA form of government where the rulers claim to be ruling on behalf of a set of religious ideas, or as direct agents of a deity.

Can government systems be a combination of Absolute, Theocracy & Dictator?

How is the government run?

AutocracyRule by one

How is the government run?DictatorshipLeader w/o consent, does not consider welfare of people. Often uses military force.

How is the government run?

Absolute Monarchy & Theocracy

Monarch or Religious Leader with absolute control

MonarchyRuled by a King or QueenRule is passed down hereditarilyMonarchs often claim they have been

chosen or appointed by god. “Divine Kingship”

Monarchy has two forms: Absolute Monarch Constitutional Monarch

Constitutional MonarchyA monarchy has a king or queen. Power is passed along through the family. But

Monarch’s power is limited by the constitution and parliament.

Constitutional Monarchy Constitutional Monarchy

DemocracyDemocracy means: “rule by the people”People chose the leaders and officials by

votingLeaders & officials are held to the laws of

the land/the constitutionThe Constitution is the ultimate powerDemocracy has two forms: Direct &

Representative Direct: citizens vote directly/themselves on laws Representative: citizens elect representative who

make laws on their behalf

ParliamentaryLed by representatives of the people. Parliament is put in place

in order to make the laws & is headed by the Prime Minister.

Advantages

1. Quicker legislative action because the executive branch is chosen from the parliament’s majority party.

2. Prime Minister is accountable to the parliament and can be removed at any time by a vote of no confidence.

Disadvantages

1. Close connection between the executive and legislative branches and absence of a clear separation of power provides less protection against government control.

2. Less protection by rule of the majority.

ParliamentaryRule by All

States currently utilizing parliamentary systems are denoted in red and orange. The red being constitutional monarchies where authority is vested in a parliament, the orange being parliamentary republics whose parliaments are effectively supreme over a separate head of state. States denoted in green have the roles of head of state and head of government in one office, similar to presidential systems, but this office is filled by parliament's choice and elected separately.

What government systems is Canada?

How is the government run?

Constitutional Monarchy

Monarch is guided by a constitution. Monarch rights, duties, and

responsibilities are spelled out in a constitution.

How is the government run?

Parliamentary

A government in which members of the executive branch are chosen by

parliament.

Who picks the government?

Representative Democracy

A form of government in which power rests with the people, but usually

through representatives.

Canada

TotalitarianismRuler by a single political party. People are forced to do what the

government tells them and may also be prevented from leaving the country.

Advantages

None unless a member of the party in control

Disadvantages

1. Permits no individual freedom

2. All actions and aspects of the individual’s life is subject to the authority of the government/dictator.

Examples of totalitarian regimes are Italy under Benito Mussolini 1922–45; Germany under Adolf Hitler 1933–45; the USSR under Joseph Stalin from the 1930s until his death in 1953; and more recently Romania under Nicolae Ceauşescu 1974–89.

Totalitarian

RepublicA Government by the Public

Led by representatives of the people. Each is individually chosen for a set period of

time.

RepublicA Government by the Public

Led by representatives of the people. Each is individually chosen for a set period of time.

Advantages

1. Separation of powers, providing checks and balances.

2. Direct election of the President and legislators to a fixed term of office makes them more accountable to voters.

3. More directly democratic.

Disadvantages

1. Divided government causes more disagreement between the president and legislature.

2. Divided government can make it difficult to pass policies.

RepublicA Government by the Public

Led by representatives of the people. Each is individually chosen for a set period of time.

A Republic, unique from democracy, has a very different purpose and an entirely different form, or system, of government. Its purpose is to control The Majority strictly, as well as all others among the people, primarily to protect The Individual’s God-given, unalienable rights and therefore for the protection of the rights of The Minority, of all minorities, and the liberties of people in general. The definition of a Republic is: a constitutionally limited government of the representative type, created by a written Constitution--adopted by the people and changeable (from its original meaning) by them only by its amendment--with its powers divided between three separate Branches: Executive, Legislative and Judicial. Here the term "the people" means, of course, the electorate. http://www.lexrex.com/enlightened/AmericanIdeal/aspects/demrep.html

Republichttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2128.html

AnarchyWhere there is not any government. This can happen after a civil war in a

country, when a government has been destroyed and rival groups are fighting to take its place. Primarily lawlessness and political disorder.

Advantages

1. None

Disadvantages

1. Disorder

2. Corruption

3. Warfare

AnarchySomalia

Population: 7,200,000Capital: MogadishuArea: 246,200 Sq. Miles (smaller than Texas)Religion: Sunni Muslim, other

Chaos and RebellionCivil War since 1991

Anarchy Somalia

Barre and Socialism

•1960 became independent from British rule. •Said Barre seized power in 1969, proclaiming socialism. •But instead of developing the country, he attached Ethiopia.

Barre and Dictatorship

•After spending a lot of money on the war, Somalia’s economy deteriorated and weakened.•Fighting between clans grew worse.

Hahdi and Anarchy

• January 1991 to November 1991 Mohammad Ali Hahdi assumed power (ousted Barre and declared himself president)

•Clan warfare grew worse.•300,000 people died and 1.5 million were forced to flee as refugees. •Many other people died of starvation.

Aidid and Anarchy

•Mohamed Farrah Aided took control•Anarchy, no government control

AnarchySomalia

Refugee Camp

GovernmentsWho picks the government?

RevolutionThe existing structure is overthrown by a completely new group. After a period time, this new group becomes the government.

Advantages Disadvantages

New government brings freedom and builds a strong nation.

New government brings loss of freedom. Can build a strong nation or weaken a nation.

RevolutionWar Picks Government

Examples:

United States Somalia

TotalitarianRule by a single political party. Votes for alternative candidates and parties

are simply not allowed and “encouraged” to vote, but only for the government’s chosen candidate.

North Korea

OligarchyA small group picks the government.

The rule of a few.

A form of government which consists of rule by an elite group who rule in their own interest, especially to accumulate wealth and privilege. Only members of this small group have a voice in government.

The few are generally the people who are richer and more powerful than others: aristocrats or nobles.

Often by powerful families who raise their children to “inherit” the government position.

Government of the “best”.

OligarchyRule by a few

The few pick the government

Examples: China (communist), South Africa in 20th century

Most Communist countries are oligarchies.

Many of the European monarchies established in the Middle Ages began this way.

OligarchyRule by a few

The few pick the government

Who picks Government

?Oligarchy

Rule by few: Communism

The single party picks the government.

How is Government

Run?Totalitaria

nGovernment tells people what to do

China

OligarchyRule by a few

The few pick the government

The whites in South Africa make up about 20% of population, but this small group has all educational and economic opportunities and proceeded to deny these opportunities to blacks. Called apartheid –legal separation based on race – this oligarchy dominated the Republic of South Africa from 1948 – 1993. Nelson Mandela led the force that changed this type of rule to democracy in 1994. He is now their first black president. http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-apartheid.htm

Direct DemocracyPeople vote of everything

Government in which all citizens have equal power. Every decision is voted on by the people. Rule by majority.

Advantages

1. Every citizen has equal power in matters of government. Every citizen is involved in the decision making.

2. Since all citizens are involved in decision making, there is a high degree of support and loyalty.

Disadvantages

1. Only works when a small number of people are involved. Must gather all citizens in one place for discussions and voting.

2. Decision making involving all citizens is time-consuming. All citizens give input, debate, etc…

Direct Democracy

Often used in referenda:a. Property tax increaseb. Marriage definition

No direct democracy is inexistence as a total formof government.

Representative DemocracyPeople pick government

Government in which people elect representatives to make decision for them.

Advantages

1. Citizens are involved in decision making through their representatives, lobbying and voting.

2. Representatives are aware their job depends on meeting the needs of their constituents.

3. Generally, the representatives are educated and skilled in politics

Disadvantages

1. Decision making is time consuming. Desire of representatives to please majority of constitutes may be harmful.

2. Representatives may not always agree with constitutes.

3. Lack of involved citizens allow special interest groups to influence or dominate representatives.

Representative Democracy

Examples of Representative Democratic GovernmentsParliamentary democracy

Presidential democracy

Aruba, Australia, Bangladesh, Bulgaria

United States, Mexico, Brazil

Representative DemocracyA presidential system is a system of government where an executive branch exists and presides (hence the name) separately from the legislature, to which it is not accountable and which cannot, in normal circumstances, dismiss it.

Representative DemocracyParliamentary systems are characterized by no clear-cut separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches, leading to a different set of checks and balances compared to those found in presidential systems.

Parliamentary systems usually have a clear differentiation between the head of government and the head of state, with the head of government being the prime minister or premier, and the head of state often being a figurehead, often a monarchy..

Blue are presidential republics that have a full presidential system. Yellow are countries that possess semi-presidential system. Green are presidential republics with an executive presidency linked to a parliament.

Representative Democracy

What type of government is the United States?

How is the government

run?

Who picks government

?

Who picks government

?

How is the government run?

RepublicLed by

representatives

Who picks government?

Representative Democracy

Who picks government?

Direct Democracy

Rule by majority.

U.S.

ReviewName the forms of government that fall under the category of AUTOCRACY.  Define each and give  examples.

 How do some dictatorships and oligarchies try to make it seem as if the people have a say in the government?  How does the government really control the people?

What are the two forms of democracy?  Describe what happens in each.

What are the characteristics that make a government a true democracy?

What gives voters a choice among candidates?  What are some other benefits to this system?

What ancient civilizations as well as early American civilizations could be labeled as Theocratic and why?  Are there any THEOCRACIES today?

Types of Government OutlineI. How is the government run?

A. Autocracy1. Absolute Monarchy2. Theocracy3. Dictatorship

B. TotalitarianC. TotalitarianismD. MonarchyE. ParliamentaryF. RepublicG. Anarchy

II. Who picks the government?A. RevolutionB. TotalitarianC. OligarchyD. Democracy

1. Direct Democracy2. Representative Democracy

Country Leader/ President/Prime Minister

The United States of America President Barack Obama

Canada Prime Minister Stephen Harper

Mexico President Enrique Peña Nieto

England Prime Minister David Cameron

Russia President Vladimir Putin

ChinaPresident

(not voted in by the people, voted by the oligarchy)

Xi Jinping

Germany President Joachim Gauck

North Korea Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un

Cuba President Raúl Castro

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2128.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_system_of_government

http://www.montgomeryschoolsmd.org/curriculum/socialstd/NSL/PPT2/sld003.htm

http://www.slideshare.net/ljhsblog/matching-characteristics-of-forms-of-government

http://www.stutzfamily.com/mrstutz/WorldAffairs/typesofgovt.html