Turn Of The Century Immigration

U.S History @ the “turn of the century

Industrialization/Robber Barons

City Boss System

Populism Immigration Progressivism

Industrialization

Cheap Labor

No restrictive Immigration Laws

Senate/State Legislatures

Political Bosses System

$

Elected Officials

Political Machines

I don't care who does the electing, so long as I get to do the nominating.Boss Tweed

The Brains Political Cartoon by Thomas NastA Harper's Weekly political cartoon lampoons the corrupt New York administration led by "Boss" Tweed and the Tammany Society.Image: © CORBISCreator Name: Thomas NastDate Created: 1871

Political Machines Basics:• What?

• Why?

•Political parties that controlled local and state government in late 1800s

•Cities were growing fast!

•City government disorganized with few reliable services (police, fire, welfare)

•Immigrants wanted protection, helpA political cartoon lampoons the corrupt administration in New York, New York, led by "Boss" Tweed and

the "Tammany Society." Ca. 1871.Image: © CORBISCreator Name: Thomas NastDate Created: ca. 1871

Political Machines Basics:• Where?

• Who?

•Most large cities

•Political bosses helped their people get elected in return for jobs, city contracts

•Ex. NY (Tammany Hall)

•Ex. Boss Tweed (Tammany Hall) pocked around $200 million of public funds

Can The Law Reach Him? The Dwarf and the Thief by Thomas Nast (Corbis.com)

Political Machines Basics:• How?

• = Corruption

•Traded favors for votes

•Voting fraud

•Bribes

•Kickbacks

•Ex. Immigrants were met at Ellis Island, shown where to get housing, jobs, and helped to become naturalized citizens (who could vote!)

Political ButtonImage: © William Whitehurst/CORBISPhotographer: William WhitehurstDate Photographed: June 30, 2003

• Not really - Tweed brought down when public opinion went against him

• Things changed when the NY Times published expose & the public got interested in reforming politics

Warrant for William M. TweedOriginal caption: Warrant for the apprehension of William M. Tweed after his escape from N.Y. City jail, December 4, 1875.Image: © Bettmann/CORBISDate Photographed: December 4, 1875

Immigration To the USEnglish Africans Scandinavian

sGermans

IrishChinese

PolesItalians

Russians

ChineseLatin

Americans

Push

Pull

Push

Pull

Push

Pull

Push

Pull

Push

Pull

Push

Pull

Push

Pull

Why did the __________ immigrate?

English

Scandinavians

Germans

Irish

Chinese

Germans

Italians

Russians

Study Guide: Use Slide 10 to answer the questions for slides 11-15

First, the English came to the United States.-

Second, Africans were brought to the United States.-

Third, Scandinavians came to the United States.-

Fourth, Germans and Irish came to the United States.-

Fifth, Chinese came to the United States.-

Sixth, Poles, Italians, Russians came to the United States.-

Seventh, Chinese and Latin Americans came to the United States.-

The __________ were _________ into the United States by…..

The English were pushed into the United States by the necessity to find jobs.

The English were pulled into the United States by the promise of cheap land.

Immigration LawsRace Quota Literacy Security Jobs

1795-free white persons1870-free whites persons and African-Americans1882-leaves out Chinese people1943-abolishes Chinese exclusion1954-returns undocumented persons to Mexico

1921-limits European immigrants coming from Europe1948-no quotas for displaced persons1952- restates the quota system1965-repeals the quota system replaces it with family reunification1990-increases the number of people into the US

1917-literacy test

1848-Treat of Guadalupe Hidalgo1901-limits people based on their political opinions1950-prohibits people who would be dangerous in the US1980-gives refugees from Vietnam entrance into the US1996-increased border control

1660-Africans1840-potato famine1849-Gold Rush1943-Bracero Program1986-gives amnesty to workers her and punishes employers who hire undocumented workers1996 -increases skilled workers coming into the US

Immigration LawsRace Quota Literacy Security Jobs

Which category has the least number of laws?

Which category has the fewer number of laws?

Which category has the most number of laws?

The _________ that has the _________ number of ________is _______________

Immigration StatisticsI mmigration f rom diff erent countries

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

Germany England I taly Russia Austria-

Hungary

Other

Foreign

Total I mmigration f rom 1821-2000

0

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

1861 -

1870

1871 -

1880

1881 -

1890

1891 -

1900

1901 -

1910

1911 -

1920

1921 -

1930

1931 -

1940

1941 -

1950

1951 -

1960

1961 -

1970

1971 -

1980

1981 -

1990

1991 -

2000

IMMIGRATION STATISTICS

The bottom graph clearly demonstrates the sharp decrease in the total immigration figures after the legislation of the various acts that aimed to restrict it.

As the above chart shows, much of the immigrants came from Eastern European countries. For this reason, both the 1921 and 1924 Acts aimed to restrict the number of immigrants from such destinations