Tuberculosis TB

نه خــۆشی سـیــلtuberculosis

ثةيمانطاي تةكنيكي ضةمضةماأل

Chamchamal technical institute

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial disease

that infection the lungs, but may spread to other

organs.

Causative agent

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the

bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis .

Robert Koch on the evening of March 24, 1882 discovery Mycobacterium tuberculosis that cause tb disease

How discovered the bacteria?

Characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

1-are straight or slightly curved rod 1-4 µ long and

0.2-0.8µ wide.

2-They may be arranged singly or in groups.

3-acid fast stain

4-They are non-motile,

5-non-sporing

6 -non- capsulating

how does a person get TB?

A person can become infected with

tuberculosis bacteria when he or she inhales

minute particles of infected sputum from the

air. The bacteriaget into the air when someone

who has a tuberculosis lung infection

coughs, sneezes, shouts, or spits .

People who are nearby can then possibly

breathe the bacteria into their lungs. Tuberculosis is

spread (transmitted) primarily from person to

person by breathing infected air during close contact.

Tuberculosis also transmitted by drinking

unpasteurized milk. Related bacteria, called

Mycobacterium bovis , cause this form of TB. this

type of bacteria was a major cause of TB in children.

SymptomsThe primary stage of TB usually doesn't cause symptoms. When

symptoms of pulmonary TB occur, they may include:

1-unexplained weight loss

2-fatigue

3-shortness of breath

4-fever

5-night sweats

6-chills

7-loss of appetite.

Symptoms specific to the lungs include: coughing that lasts for 3 or more weeks

coughing up blood

chest pain

painful breathing

pain when coughing.

The patient becomes ill with TB

Unintentional weight loss

Other symptoms that may occur with this disease:

Breathing difficulty

Chest pain

Wheezing

DiagnosisBiopsy of the affected tissue (rare) • Skin test

•Chest x-ray •Sputum examination and cultures

Skin test

Chest x-ray

Sputum examination and cultures

The goal of treatment is to cure the infection with antibiotics

that fight the TB bacteria. Treatment of active pulmonary TB

will always involve a combination of many antibiotics (usually

four drugs)and this antibiotics give for 2-6 month .

Treatment

The most commonly useddrugs include: Isoniazid Rifampin Pyrazinamide Ethambutol

Prompt treatment is extremely important in

controlling the spread of TB from those who

have active TB disease to those who have

never been infected with TB.

Prevention

and following this steps

1-Avoid close contact with others who are sick

2-use the cover mouth when coughing or sneezing, preferably

using a tissue so that germs do not get on your hand

3-Wash your hands often, especially when you are around people

who are sick

Prevention1-Avoid close contact with others who are sick

2-use the cover mouth when coughing or sneezing, preferably

using a tissue so that germs do not get on your hand

3-Wash your hands often, especially when you are around people

who are sick