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  • T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O 2 0 1 1 P O P U L A T I O N A N D H O U S I N G C E N S U SD E M O G R A P H I C R E P O R T

    i

    GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

    Ministry of Planning and Sustainable DevelopmentCentral Statistical Office

    TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 2011 POPULATION

    AND HOUSING CENSUSDEMOGRAPHIC REPORT

  • ii T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O 2 0 1 1 P O P U L A T I O N A N D H O U S I N G C E N S U SD E M O G R A P H I C R E P O R T

  • T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O 2 0 1 1 P O P U L A T I O N A N D H O U S I N G C E N S U SD E M O G R A P H I C R E P O R T

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    Published by:

    The Central Statistical OfficeNational Statistics Building80 Independence Square,Port of Spain.Telephone: (868) 625-7069Fax: (868) 625-3802Website: www.cso.gov.tt

    Extracts from this publication may be reproduced, for personal, non-commercial use with permission, provided that the Central Statistical Office of Trinidad and Tobago is fully acknowledged as the source. Storage in a retrieval system, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, must be requested in writing and requires prior permission given in writing by the authorized official of the Central Statistical Office.

    Copyright 2012

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  • T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O 2 0 1 1 P O P U L A T I O N A N D H O U S I N G C E N S U SD E M O G R A P H I C R E P O R T

    v

    Preface

    The 2011 Census Demographic Report is the first volume of a series to be published, giving

    the results of the 2011 Population and Housing Census, which was conducted by the Central Statistical Office of Trinidad and Tobago (CSOTT) during the period 9th January -31st May 2011. Trinidad and Tobago has maintained an unbroken tradition of conducting decennial Censuses dating back to 1851. The census was originally scheduled for 16th May - 30th June 2010, but was postponed when Parliament was prorogued before the Census Order the legal authority for the conduct of the Census was passed.

    The 2011 Population and Housing Census was conducted as part of the CARICOM Secretariats regionally co-ordinated approach to census taking for the 2010 Round of Population and Housing Censuses. The Central Statistical Office of Trinidad and Tobago has actively participated

    as a member of the Regional Census Co-ordinating Committee (RCCC) of CARICOM, in the formulation of the regional strategy to promote the use of uniform concepts and definitions and a

    common core of questions for the purpose of producing comparable, high-quality data, which can be useful for monitoring social and demographic developments across the region.

    A census is the largest, most demanding data gathering exercise that a National Statistical Organization will ever undertake. The 2011 Population and Housing Census confronted many challenges throughout all stages of its implementation and successfully overcame them all, to realize the high quality, information-rich product that is the 2011 Census Demographic Report Volume 1.

    The difficulties in enumerating crime hotspots and gated communities distributed throughout

    Trinidad and Tobago, led to the extension of the field enumeration exercise. However, this

    challenge also fostered the creativity and tenacity of the Field Data Collection Team and allowed the 2011 census to achieve 89% response rate.

    To facilitate an accurate and comprehensive enumeration exercise, Trinidad and Tobago was sub-divided into 2824 Enumeration Districts, each of which represents an enumerators workload of approximately 150 200 households. To manage the data collection exercise, the fourteen municipalities in Trinidad and the island of Tobago were combined into eight (8) Zones managed by eight Zone Co-ordinators. The Zone Co-ordinators were supported by Technical Area Supervisors

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    each of whom managed 5-6 Supervisors, who in turn supervised the work of 5-6 Enumerators. Field Editors were also used to improve data quality during the data collection phase.

    This time around, the CSO employed Scanning Technology using Cardiff Teleform Application Software, instead of the method of direct data entry, which was used in the 2000 Census. The CSO acquired expertise in the use of scanning technology through its collaboration with the FAO for the 2004 Agriculture Census. The Data processing of the 450 000 questionnaires collected was undertaken by a Data Processing team consisting of an Information Technology Specialist, Database Administrator, Network Specialist, Network Technician, Scanning Supervisors, Verifier

    Supervisors, Scanning Operators Data Verifiers and Data-entry Staff.

    The 2011 Population and Housing Census Demographic Report provides a total count of the population of Trinidad and Tobago as at 12:00 am on January 9th, 2011 (Census Moment). Two population totals are referenced in the Report. The first count is the De Facto Count of the Population of Trinidad and Tobago, which is a stock taking of all persons present in the country at the Census Moment, whether they usually reside in Trinidad and Tobago or were visitors found staying in Hotels and Rooming Establishments and on board Ships-in-harbour. The De Facto population total excludes persons who usually reside in Trinidad and Tobago but were out of the country at the census moment and were expected to return within six months. The second count is known as the De Jure Count of the Population of Trinidad and Tobago. This total refers to persons whose usual residence is Trinidad and Tobago. It excludes persons whose usual place of residence is outside of Trinidad and Tobago ( Visitors staying in Hotels and Other Rooming Establishments and on board Ships-in-harbour) who were present at the census moment. The De Jure Count however includes in the total population, those persons who usually reside in Trinidad and Tobago who were not present in the country during the reference period of the census but who were expected to return within six months of the reference period. The tables presented in the report are based on the De Jure Total Population, that is only persons whose usual place of residence was Trinidad and Tobago.

    The 2011Population and Housing Census Demographic Report has been produced in the record time of eighteen months after completion of the data collection phase. This volume provides an expanded range of 23 statistical tables covering demographic variables such as age, sex, religion, ethnicity, education, internal migration, marital status, fertility, household size, household composition and international migration. This should certainly be well appreciated by data users and researchers. The Census Questionnaire included 61 questions organized under 13 sections.

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    The Census Demographic Report covers information collated from the following sections: Characteristics, Internal Migration, Education, Marital Status, Fertility, and International Migration. Subsequent volumes in the series will report on the other sections such as Disability, Chronic Illness, Health, Economic Activity, Information and Communication Technology and Housing.

    This Report provides a wealth of information which can be utilized to inform evidence-based decision making for both private and public data users, as well as to formulate policies which would assist in improving the quality of life and standard of living for the people of Trinidad and Tobago.

    Dave Clement Carol SalimDirector of Statistics Census AdministratorCensus Officer

    30th November, 2012

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    Contents

    PREFACE v

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiii

    KEY CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS xix

    EXPLANATORY NOTES xxxv

    SUMMARY OF MEASURES - TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 1

    1 NATIONAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS 2

    Population growth/size/trends 2

    Age/sex composition 6 Sex ratio and excess/deficit

    Indicators of Aging Populations

    Ethnic composition 15

    Religious composition 17

    Educational attainment and qualification 18

    International migrants

    Intercensal Emigration 2000-2011

    Foreign-Born Population

    20

    2 POPULATION DENSITY AND CONCENTRATION 25

    Index of Concentration

    Index of Dissimilarity (Age Structure)

    Index of Population Re-distribution

    Internal Migration

    3 MARITAL STATUS 30

    Proportion ever married

    Singulate Mean Age at First Marriage (SMAM)

    4 FERTILITY 31

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    5 HOUSEHOLDS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS 32

    Household Stock by Intercensal Growth Household Size and Intercensal Change

    6 HOUSEHOLD HEADSHIP 39

    7 TABLES

    1a TOTAL POPULATION - NON INSTITUTIONAL, COLLECTIVE LIVING AND STREET DWELLERS BY MUNICIPALITY 2011 (DE FACTO)

    44

    1b TOTAL POPULATION - NON-INSTITUTIONAL, COLLECTIVE LIVING AND STREET DWELLERS BY MUNICIPALITY 2011 (DE JURE)

    45

    2a TOTAL POPULATION BY SEX, AGE GROUP AND MUNICIPALITY 46

    2b PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL POPULATION BY SEX, AGE GROUP AND MUNICIPALITY

    52

    3 TOTAL POPULATION BY SEX, SINGLE YEARS OF AGE AND MUNICIPALITY

    58

    4 NON-INSTITUTIONAL POPULATION BY SEX, AGE GROUP AND MUNICIPALITY

    76

    5 INSTITUTIONAL POPULATION BY SEX, AGE GROUP AND MUNICIPALITY

    82

    6 POPULATION IN COLLECTIVE LIVING QUARTERS BY TYPE AND SHIPS IN HABOUR, BY SEX AND MUNICIPALITY

    88

    7 NON-INSTITUTIONAL POPULATION BY SEX, AGE GROUP, ETHNIC GROUP AND MUNICIPALITY

    94

    8 NON-INSTITUTIONAL POPULATION BY SEX, AGE GROUP, RELIGION AND MUNICIPALITY

    130

    9 NON-INSTITUTIONAL POPULATION BY ETHNIC GROUP AND RELIGION, TRINIDAD & TOBAGO

    184

    10 NON-INSTITUTIONAL POPULATION BY SEX, AGE GROUP AND RELATIONSHIP TO HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD

    188

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    11 DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY SEX , AGE GROUP OF HEAD AND MUNICIPALITY

    206

    12 DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY SIZE, AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND MUNICIPALITY

    212

    13 HOUSEHOLD SIZE BY CURRENT ACTIVITY STATUS OF HEAD AND MUNICIPALITY

    213

    14 DISTRIBUTION OF SINGLE PERSON HOUSEHOLDS BY SEX, AGE GROUP OF OCCUPANT AND MUNICIPALITY

    218

    15 NON-INSTITUTIONAL POPULATION 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER BY SEX, AGE GROUP AND MARITAL STATUS, TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

    224

    16 FEMALE POPULATION 14 - 54 YEARS OLD, BY AGE GROUP AND UNION STATUS, TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

    230

    17 NUMBER OF LIVE BORN CHILDREN EVER HAD FOR FEMALES 14 - 54 YEARS OLD BY AGE GROUP, TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

    232

    18 INTERNAL MIGRANTS BY SEX, USUAL PLACE OF RESIDENCE AND PLACE OF RESIDENCE TEN YEARS AGO

    234

    19 USUAL RESIDENTS BORN ABROAD BY SEX, AGE GROUP AND COUNTRY OF BIRTH

    240

    20 NON-INSTITUTIONAL POPULATION BY SEX, AGE GROUP, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND MUNICIPALITY

    246

    21 NON-INSTITUTIONAL POPULATION BY SEX, AGE GROUP, HIGHEST QUALIFICATION AND MUNICIPALITY

    300

    22 PERSONS WHO EMIGRATED BY AGE GROUP, SEX, COUNTRY OF DESTINATION AND MUNICIPALITY

    354

    23 PERSONS WHO EMIGRATED BY AGE GROUP, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND COUNTRY OF DESTINATION

    378

    8 CHARTS

    1 POPULATION PYRAMIDS 2011-1960 388

    2 TOTAL POPULATION BY MUNICIPALITY 2011 AND 2000 389

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    3 TOTAL POPULATION BY AGE GROUP 2011 AND 2000 390

    4 TOTAL NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY MUNICIPALITY 2011 AND 2000

    390

    9 MAPS

    1 ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 392

    2 POPULATION DENSITY BY ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS, TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 2011

    393

    3 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS, TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 2011

    394

    10 LIST OF APPENDICES

    1 TIME SERIES OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS 1964-2008 396

    2 FERTILITY RATES AND AGE SPECIFIC BIRTH RATES 2000-2008 398

    3 PARITY PROGRESSION RATES TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 2011, 2000 AND 1990

    399

    4 TIME SERIES OF TOTAL POPULATION 1851 - 2020 400

    5(a) ABRIDGED LIFE TABLE MALE: 2011 401

    5(b) ABRIDGED LIFE TABLE FEMALE: 2011 402

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    Acknowledgements

    The Central Statistical Office of Trinidad and Tobago, a Division of the Ministry of Planning and

    Sustainable Development, wishes to extend deepest appreciation to the people of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, for welcoming and receiving, into their homes, business establishments and institutions, the Census field data collection team. Their assistance advice and protection

    as they canvassed their Enumeration Districts, and their cooperation in taking valuable time to respond to 61 questions over an average interview time of 45 minutes must be acknowledged. The information shared will be used by the stakeholders in the National Statistics System to inform about ourselves and enable a better understanding of the nations progress since the last census taking in 2000.Thank You, Trinidad and Tobago.

    The Statistics Act Chapter 19:02 of the revised laws of Trinidad and Tobago, authorizes the C.S.O. to conduct any census or survey to inform on the socio-economic conditions of the people. The Act appoints the Director of Statistics as the Census Officer. In order to plan and execute such a large

    -scale project as a Population and Housing Census, the Census Officer and the Census Planning

    and Management Team must seek the cooperation, collaboration, contribution and synergy of large numbers of individuals and institutions from all walks of life. It is not possible to publicly recognize in this space everyone who has contributed to the success of the 2011 Population and Housing Census. We take the opportunity presented to recognize some, whose intervention and effort were particularly timely and valuable to the realization of the objectives of this project.

    The special contribution of Senator, Dr. The Honourable, Bhoendradatt Tewarie, Minister of Planning and Sustainable Development and other Ministers of Government responsible for National Statistics is acknowledged. Senator Dr. The Honourable Emily Dick Forde and Senator, the Honourable Mary King were all involved at different stages of the project, and provided oversight, maintained direct interest in achieving project milestones and ensured that the project was always properly resourced.

    The CSO gratefully acknowledges the invaluable contributions of the members of the Cabinet Appointed Technical Advisory Committee who played a significant role in the design of the census

    questionnaire and other instruments. The Committee comprised representatives of Ministries of Government, Non-Governmental Organizations, The UN System in Trinidad and Tobago and the Academic Community. These initiatives were also supported by the Internal Census Working

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    Group of the CSO, which comprised experienced statisticians and other highly trained technical staff.

    We owe a debt of gratitude to our International and Regional Partners, who collaborated with us through every step of the journey and provided timely support through their global network. The UNFPA and UNECLAC contributed technical assistance in the form of national training workshops facilitated by international and local consultants and expert consultancies, to evaluate, critique and guide the CSO in the development of the census methodologies, and in the strategic planning. We publicly recognize Ms. Leah Marie Richards, Ms. Tammy Yates, Ms. Nicole Darmanie and Ms. Aurora Noguera Ramkissoon, Mr. Sylvan Roberts, Ms. Sinovia Moonie, Mr. Carlos Ellis and Mr. Mario Hernandez.

    We are truly appreciative of the support provided by the Regional Statistics Program of the CARICOM Secretariat led by Dr. Philomen Harrison. Funding support for training workshops directly related to various aspects of the census process resulted in harmonization of approaches and methodologies and the sharing of knowledge and best practice through a process of South-South cooperation.

    Deserving of acknowledgement are the Chief Statisticians, Directors of Statistics and experienced Statisticians of the CARICOM region who worked in a true spirit of collaboration to develop the regional strategy for the harmonization and coordination of census taking for the 2010 Round of Censuses.

    A significant contribution was made by the Family Development and Childrens Research Centre

    of the University of the West Indies St. Augustine. Mr. David Thomas of UWI FDCRC an expert sampling statistician assisted in the design of the Post Enumeration Survey (PES) , the training of staff and estimation of the census undercount. Also making a significant contribution was Dr.

    Godfrey St. Bernard, of the Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies (SALISES) who provided expert advice throughout the project and guided staff in the Demographic Analysis of Census results.

    An extensive communications campaign planned and facilitated by GISL with concept and designs from Collier Morrison and Belgrave Ltd helped to keep the census campaign in the forefront and made the enumerators jobs that much easier. The talented story teller, Paul Keens Douglas in his inimitable style communicated census messages to the community and became the voice of

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    the census. We wish to acknowledge as well, all who took part in the census jingle and slogan competition.

    The Field Staff of the Census and Surveys Division of the CSO played a critical role in the management of the data collection exercise and brought their wealth of experience to bear in dealing with difficult respondents and helping the enumerators cope with the extension of

    the project. The Geographic Information Systems section who updated and produced all the Enumeration District maps in good time for the field enumeration deserve our acknowledgment.

    Public Officers of several Ministries and Departments of Government accepted the challenge

    to work on the field exercise and served in management, supervisory responsibilities as well as

    serving as training facilitators.

    Sincere thanks go out to The Principal of Talparo Government Primary School, The Principals of the various Secondary Schools throughout Trinidad & Tobago for the provision of facilities for the training of the census field enumeration team.

    Sincere appreciation is also extended to the Chief Executive Officer of the Point Fortin Borough

    Corporation, The Chief Executive Officer of the Penal Regional Corporation, The Permanent

    Secretary in the Ministry of Sports & Youth Affairs, The Director of the Sports Company of Trinidad & Tobago, The Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Community Development and The Director of Culture in the Ministry of the Arts & Multiculturalism, The managers of the various Community Centers throughout Trinidad & Tobago, The Sangre Grande Civic Centre, The Principal of the University of Trinidad & Tobago Valsayn Campus, The Manager of El Reposo Sangre Grande, The Permanent Secretary in Ministry of Food Production, Land and Marine Affairs, The Permanent Secretary in Ministry of Works & Infrastructure all of whom assisted by providing Census Area Offices which were the Regional operation command centres while the census data collection

    exercise was in the field. The Chief Executive Officer of the Port of Spain City Corporation must

    also be acknowledged for providing meeting space and for other assistance.

    Special thanks is also extended to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for facilitating the enumeration of Trinidad and Tobago diplomatic missions abroad and foreign diplomatic missions resident in Trinidad and Tobago. The Ministry of National Security must be publicly recognised for the tremendous support provided to the field staff in the enumeration of the crime hotspots. Special

    acknowledgement is extended to Superintendant Lennard Gay (deceased), Inspector Jawahir, Ag. Inspector Charles, Inspector Dann, Sargeants John, Lawrence, Manwaring and Nobbee.

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    The CSO must publicly recognize the contribution of the Zone Coordinators Mr. Joel Holgar Hackshaw, Zone 1(Diego Martin); Mr. Roger Jones, Zone 2 (San Juan/Laventille), Mr. Sterling Chadee, Zone 3 (Tunapuna Piarco), Messrs. David Williams and Louis Gomez, Zone 4 (Arima/Sangre Grande); Mr. Roger Jugmohan, Zone 5 (Mayaro Rio Claro/Princes Town); Mr. Adhar Beepath, Zone 6 (San Fernando/ Penal Debe/ Siparia/ Point Fortin); Ms. Shirley Christian Maharaj, Zone 7 (Couva/Tabquite/Talparo) and Mr. Otis Noel, Zone 8 (Tobago) and their teams of Technical Area Supervisors, Field Supervisors, Field Enumerators and Field Editors who supported them. The contribution of Mr. Clifford Lewis in Zone 3 and Ms. Marva Williams in Zone 1 during the pre-enumeration period is also recognised. These individuals worked tirelessly to see the exercise to its completion. The names of close to 4000 persons are too numerous to mention here.

    Undoubtedly however, the success of the 2011 Population and Housing Census was mainly due to the assembly of the finest group of statistics professionals in Trinidad and Tobago, to undertake

    the technical activities related to the planning, management processing analysis and reporting of the census. These dedicated and committed persons have put their personal lives on hold for several years and have remained ever focused on the goals of delivering an accurate and objectively collected census product. They rode every project storm, and overcame all obstacles to see the project through all its stages. Special acknowledgment is extended to Ms. Carol Salim, Ms. Caron London, Ms. Cynthia La Fortune, Mr. Basook Mahadeo, Mr. Chester Dalrymple, Ms. Petronella Simone Stewart, Mr. Jeffery Charles, Ms. Ingrid Diaram, Mr. Victor Pinder, Ms. Dixie- Ann De Souza, Mr. Aubrey Mendonca, Mr. Ian Rameshwar and Ms. Donna Berment and other members of the Technical section for the contribution of their expertise.

    Sincere thanks are extended to, Julianna Lawrence, Brent Marchan, Mohanee Sinanan-Mitchell, Claire Phillips and Stephan Samuell of the Demographic Analysis Committee of the Central Statistical Office for their contribution to the analysis of the census results.

    The contribution of the Administration Section led by Mr. Leon Lucillio, is acknowledged. They ensured that the support services, logistics and accounting arrangements were in place so that the project milestones could be achieved within reasonable time. Special thanks are extended to Ms. Esther Mc Ewen, and all the staff of the administration section who contributed in any way to the completion of the census project.

    The contribution of four persons were outstanding and must be publicly recognized. Ms. Carol Salim, the Census Administrator, managed all the technical functions of the planning, conduct,

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    processing, analysis and reporting of the census. Her many years of experience in censuses and as a senior statistician at the CSO were critical to the successful completion of the project. Messrs Basook Mahadeo and Chester Dalrymple who have worked on five censuses now, made

    an invaluable contribution through their institutional memory and knowledge of census processes. Special recognition is due to Ms. Dixie-Ann De Souza who managed the entire Data Processing with limited IT support. She brought her tremendous technical expertise in developing scanning applications and solutions to this project. This Census Demographic Report would definitely

    not have been achieved without her contribution. Finally, Mr. Mike Stroot retired Programmer of the US Census Bureau and external consultant to the project made a significant contribution

    by developing the validation and error checking programs, cleaning the data, programming the imputations and producing the final data tables.

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    Key Concepts And Definitions

    POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUSA Population and Housing Census can be described as a form of national stocktaking. It is a complete count of the population and living quarters in a country at a given point in time Census Day.

    POPULATION CENSUSA Population Census provides detailed benchmark data on the size of the population, age structure, educational attainment, labour force and other socio-economic characteristics of all persons in a country at a specified time.

    HOUSING CENSUSA Housing Census provides detailed benchmark data on the living quarters and household amenities in a country at a specified time.

    CENSUS DAYCensus Day was the 9th January, 2011. This is simply the reference date for the collection of all data.

    CENSUS MOMENT Census Moment can be described as a well-defined reference point in time and is one of the

    essential features of population and housing censuses. Each person and/or each set of living quarters is enumerated as closely as possible in respect to census moment. The census moment was 12:00am on the 9th January, 2011.

    ENUMERATION DISTRICT (ED)An Enumeration District (ED) is a defined geographical area comprising approximately one

    hundred and fifty to two hundred (150 200) households. Some EDs may be less than 150

    or greater than 200 households depending on terrain, remoteness, population density or other special features. The country is divided into EDs to facilitate a precise and organized approach to the collection of data for Surveys or Censuses.

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    UNITS OF ENUMERATIONIn the case of the population census, the primary unit of enumeration is the person. There are two frameworks in which individuals are identified:

    (a) Households and (b) Collective Living Quarters. The household is the general framework in which most individuals are identified, since the majority

    of the population live in households. The second framework comprises collective living quarters which are intended for habitation by large groups of individuals or several households. Such quarters can be (i) hotels, rooming houses and other lodging houses; (ii) Institutions like hospitals, orphanages, prisons etc. (iii) camps which represent temporary accommodation for groups with common interests or goals e.g. workers camps and (iv) other - which includes population on Ships in Harbour.

    In the case of the Housing Census, the household is one of three (3) units of enumeration, the other two being living quarters (private dwelling units and collective living quarters) and buildings.

    TOTAL POPULATION In the broadest sense, the total population may comprise either all usual residents of the country or all persons present in the country at the time of the Census. The total of all usual residents is generally referred to as the de jure population and the total of all persons present in Trinidad and Tobago at the time of the census as the de facto population.

    Various population groups are enumerated:

    (i) Persons living in private households (Non- Institutional Population)(ii) Persons living in non-private dwellings, group dwellings and institutions (Collective

    Living Quarters)(iii) Persons with no fixed place of abode (Street Dwellers)

    (iv) Persons, including crew on ships in port at the time of the census(v) Foreign military, naval, diplomatic personnel and their respective families located in the

    country at the time of the census(vi) Usual residents of Trinidad and Tobago on diplomatic postings, farm (labour) programmes

    and students in foreign countries(vii) Persons living on offshore islands which are geographically part of Trinidad and Tobago

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    NON-INSTITUTIONAL POPULATIONThe non-institutional population comprises households found in private dwellings.

    COLLECTIVE LIVING POPULATIONThe collective living population ( see definition of Collective Living Quarters below ) comprises

    persons found in :-

    (i) Hotels and Guest Houses(ii) Institutions such as hospitals, nursing homes, correctional and penal institutions, military

    institutions, monasteries, convents, retirement homes, hostels, boarding schools, student dormitories, orphanages.

    (iii) Workers Camps(iv) Ships in harbour

    COLLECTIVE LIVING QUARTERS (NON PRIVATE DWELLINGS)Collective living quarters include structurally separate and independent places of abode intended for habitation by large groups of individuals or several households and are occupied at the time of the census. Such quarters usually have certain common facilities such as cooking and toilet installations, lounge rooms which are shared by the occupants.

    They may be classified as follows:

    (i) Hotels, rooming houses and other lodging housesHotels are defined as permanent structures that provide lodging on a fee basis and which

    cater for six (6) or more paying guests, boarders or lodgers. Hotels, motels, inns, boarding houses and lodging houses and so forth fall within this category.

    (ii) InstitutionsInstitutions are any set of premises in a permanent structure or structures designed to house usually large groups of persons who are bound by a common public objective or a common personal interest. Such sets of living quarters usually have certain common facilities shared by the occupants. The following fall within this category.hospitals, nursing homes, correctional and penal institutions, military institutions, monasteries, convents, retirement homes, hostels, boarding schools, student dormitories, orphanages.

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    Inmates in institutions are included in their respective households if as at Census Night they were inmates in the institutions for less than six (6) months.Note: This information was collected from the household in which these inmates normally reside.

    (iii) CampsCamps are sets of premises originally intended for the temporary accommodation of persons with common activities or interests. Included in this category are military camps and camps established for the housing of workers involved in construction, agriculture or other types of enterprise.

    (iv) Other - Ships in Harbour

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    INSTITUTIONAL POPULATION The Institutional Population comprises those persons who, at census night, were living in institutions for six (6) months and more. The Institutional Population is a sub-group of the population found in Collective Living Quarters and can be identified in the diagram above. (See definition of Collective

    Living Quarters above).

    ENUMERATED POPULATIONThe enumerated population refers to all household members for whom a census questionnaire was completed. Tabulations on the enumerated population, therefore, present aggregations of the various responses given to the census questions.

    UNENUMERATED POPULATION This relates to the population in households that existed during the census but for whom no information was obtained, due to No Contacts, Refusals, Closed or Not Visited. No Contact

    means that the enumerator visited the household but did not make contact with any household member. Refusals are recorded when the household refused to respond to the census questions. A dwelling unit is described as Closed when it has been ascertained that the unit is occupied but the occupants were temporarily away for a period of less than six (6) months. Not Visited means that the household was not visited by the census interviewers.

    PLACE OF ENUMERATION The place of enumeration is the geographic locality at which the individual was enumerated at the time of the census.

    STREET DWELLERSStreet dwellers are persons who are destitute, without fixed place of abode and without immediate

    social and economic support (Ministry of the People and Social Development Social Displacement Unit.)

    For the purpose of the 2011 Population and Housing Census, Street Dwellers refer to persons who were found sleeping or preparing to sleep on the sidewalk and pavements of streets or on the ground of open plots of land adjoining a street.

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    HOUSEHOLDA private household consists of one (1) person or two (2) or more persons living together (sleeping most nights of a week) and sharing at least one of the main daily meals. In general, a household will comprise a father, mother and children living together.

    A member of the household is not necessarily a relative of the main family. For example, a boarder or a domestic employee who sleeps in most nights of the week and shares at least one of the daily meals is also included as a member of the household.

    The concept of the household and family is not the same. It is possible to encounter more than one family constituting a single household once they share common living arrangements.

    Other living arrangements are:

    (i) Where a person has recently moved in with a group of persons, as long as he/she intends to make his/her home with them and spent Census Night in the household, that person is considered as a member of the household. However, anyone who moves into the household after Census Night is NOT counted as a member of that household.

    (ii) A Boarding House, which caters for less than six (6) boarders/lodgers, is classified as a

    private household.(iii) If a building is divided into flats or other separate dwellings, each such separate dwelling

    constitutes at least one separate household. A tenant or sub-tenant, if he makes his own arrangements for eating, also forms a separate household.

    (iv) If within the institution (non-private dwelling) there are separate quarters for all or any members of the staff, with separate housekeeping arrangements, such quarters form separate dwelling units occupied by private households.

    (v) A domestic employee including her family, if any, who sleeps in the house or in an out-building on the premises is a member of the household. However, if the domestic employee maintains separate eating arrangements on the premises, she constitutes an independent household. Additionally, a domestic employee who does not sleep on his/her employers premises is NOT counted as a member of the household where he/she works.

    (vi) A boarder or lodger who eats and sleeps with the household, during most nights of a week, is considered a member of that household.

    (vii) A person who rents a room from his/her landlord/landlady and does not share any meals with him/her constitutes a separate household that is a single-person household.

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    (viii) A person who sleeps most nights away from his/her family is enumerated at the place where he/she usually sleeps. He/she may be a boarder or lodger in a household, or constitute a separate household. However, a person who because of the nature of his/her job (e.g. watchmen, medical personnel, care-givers or shift workers), spends most nights away from his/her home is enumerated at the same place as the other members of his household, that is, at his/her place of usual residence.

    (ix) A foreign visitor or guest who spends Census Night in the household is counted as a member of the household for the de facto population count but is excluded from the de jure population count.

    (x) Students who are studying abroad and students studying locally who spend most nights away from home because of rental arrangements are counted as members of the household.

    Hence, from the definition of a household and the rules given, one person may comprise a

    household. Any person living alone in a house or part of a house constitutes a separate household. The concepts of sharing at least one daily meal and sharing common living arrangements are

    used as indicators for identifying household membership

    HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD For census purposes every household has a Head. The head of the household is the person,

    male or female, who carries the main responsibility in the affairs of the household. In any event, the person recognized by the respondents as the head is accepted as such for census purposes.

    In the case of a group of unrelated persons sharing a dwelling on an equal basis, that member of the group who the others acknowledge as such would be taken as the head.

    A person running a guesthouse or similar establishment that caters for less than six (6) guests is considered the head of that household as long as he/she lives at the guesthouse or similar establishment.

    RELATIONSHIP TO HEAD OF HOUSEHOLDRelationship to Head of Household, where members of the households are classified in terms

    of their relationship to the Head, facilitates analyses on family size and structure and kinship patterns.

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    The following distinctions are made:

    (i) Head(ii) Spouse of head

    Is defined as the husband or wife of the head of the household, who is a member of the

    household.(iii) Partner of head

    Is defined as the common-law partner of the head of the household, who is a member of

    the household.(iv) Child of head and spouse/partner

    This refers to the child of the Spouse/Partner of the head AND the head, or the child of the common-law partner of the head AND the head, who is a member of the household. This does not include adopted children.

    (v) Child of head only(vi) Child of spouse/partner only(vii) Adopted child of head and spouse/partner

    This refers to the adopted child of the spouse/partner of the head and the head, who is a member of the household. The adoption may or may not be legal.

    (viii) Spouse/partner of childIs defined as the spouse/partner of either the child of the head or the child of the spouse/

    partner of the head, who is a member of the household. (ix) Grandchild of head/spouse/partner

    Is defined as the grandchild of either the head, the spouse or partner of the head, who is

    a member of the household. (x) Parent of head/spouse/partner Is defined as the parent of either the head, the spouse or partner of the head, who is a

    member of the household.(xi) Other relative of head/spouse/partner

    This refers to cousins, uncles, grandparents, great grandparents, in-laws etc., of the head, the spouse or partner of the head of the household who are members of the household.

    (xii) Domestic EmployeeThis refers to a domestic employee, for example maid, gardener or other employee who is a member of the household.

    (xiii) Other Non-relative: Is categorised as a boarder or lodger who is a member of the household.

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    SEXThis is reported for each person (male or female) and depends on the respondents answer.

    AGEAge is the interval of time between the date of birth and the date of the census (9th January, 2011) expressed in completed years.

    ETHNIC GROUPBroadly defined, ethnicity pertains to people of the same race sharing a common history and

    distinctive cultural characteristics. Indigenous refers to people of Amerindian descent, commonly known as Caribs and Arawaks.

    RELIGION Religion may be defined as an affiliation with an organized group having specific religious or spiritual tenets.

    MARITAL STATUSMarital status is the personal legal status of each individual enumerated in relation to the marriage laws of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. The question on marital status is addressed to all persons fourteen (14) years old and over.

    The following categories are identified:

    (i) Never Married A person who has never been married, either formally (that is in accordance with the

    marriage laws of the country) or through customary marriage ceremonies which are prescribed under Hindu or Muslim rites.

    (ii) Married Applies to persons who have gone through a legal marriage ceremony. Also included in

    this category are persons married according to Hindu or Muslim rites, whether or not such marriages have been legally registered.

    A person, living apart from, though not legally separated from his/her married partner is to be recorded as married.

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    (iii) Widowed This category applies to all persons, married legally or through customary Hindu or Muslim

    rites, whose partners have died and who have not re-married.(iv) Legally Separated A person who is married but not living with his/her spouse and has obtained a separation

    by means of legal proceedings. (v) Divorced A person, having formally dissolved his/her marriage through legal proceedings, and has

    not remarried.

    MIGRATION

    Place of Birth The place of birth is the geographical location in which the mother of the individual resided at the time of the persons birth.

    Foreign BornThis is defined as any person not born in Trinidad and Tobago.

    Foreign Born Duration of ResidenceThis is the interval of time up to the date of the census expressed in completed years during which each foreign born person has lived in Trinidad and Tobago at the time of the census.

    Place of Usual ResidenceUsual residence is defined as the place where the person lives at the time of the census, and has

    been there for some time, or intends to stay there for some time.

    Place of Residence at a specified time in the past

    This refers to the place in which the individual resided at a specified time preceding the census.

    National circumstances such as hurricanes, civil unrest etc. may make it possible for the time reference to be easily remembered.

    Place of previous residenceThis is the locality or foreign country in which the individual resided prior to returning to or migrating to the persons present place of usual residence.

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    EDUCATIONSchool AttendanceThis is defined as regular attendance at any accredited educational institution or programme,

    public or private, for organized learning at any level of education at the time of the census. It is important to distinguish attendance from enrolment since a person can be enrolled in school but not necessarily attending.

    A full time student is one whose main activity is attending school, university, or some other

    educational institution.

    A part time student can be defined as one, whose main activity is other than attending school or

    being engaged in the learning process.

    Distance learning is defined as any form of organized educational experience in which teaching

    and learning take place with teachers at a distance from the learners for most of the time. It incorporates all levels of education and training using forms of technology that range from the simple medium of print to the more advanced medium of technology involving satellites, tele-conferencing, networks, television, radio broadcast and other mechanisms.

    Highest Level of Educational Attainment.This refers to the highest level completed within the most advanced level attended in the educational system. This concept relates to non-vocational education, i.e attainment at Primary, Secondary, Post secondary and University.

    The concept is also applicable to Secondary Schools where vocational and trade subjects were incorporated within the system. It should be noted that in cases where the respondents were educated abroad, the equivalent is to be recorded.

    UNION STATUSApart from marriage, women are found living in non-legal unions i.e. not legally married to the partner with whom they are living.

    Married and living with spouseCommon law and living with partnerVisiting

    Currently in a union

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    No longer living with spouseNo longer living with common-law partnerNever had a spouse nor common-law partner

    A woman is regarded as having a visiting relationship if there was a birth within the twelve (12)

    month period preceding the census and the partner is not a member of the household.

    CHILDREN EVER BORNThis refers to all children born alive (excluding foetal deaths) during a womans lifetime, whether currently residing with her, elsewhere in Trinidad and Tobago or abroad. Also included are the children born alive, but died. Please note that children born dead (still births) are not to be included here.

    LIVE BIRTHA Live Birth means the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy; which, after such separation, breathes or shows any other evidence of life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite

    movement of voluntary muscles, whether or not the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is attached; each product of such a birth is considered live born.

    STILL BIRTHA Still Birth is defined as death prior to the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a

    product of conception, provided that the product is one of twenty-eight weeks gestation or over; the death is indicated by the fact that after such separation the product does not breathe or show any other evidence of life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite

    movement of voluntary muscles.

    CENSUS NIGHTCensus Night refers to 12:00am on the 9th January 2011. This is the reference period for the population count.

    Currently not in a union

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    MUNICIPALITYThe major divisions into which Trinidad and Tobago is divided for administrative purposes.

    LIST OF MUNICIPALITIESCode TRINIDAD Code TOBAGO

    10 City of Port of Spain 91 St George20 City of San Fernando 92 St Mary30 Borough of Arima 93 St Andrew40 Borough of Chaguanas 94 St Patrick50 Borough of Point Fortin 95 St David60 Diego Martin 96 St Paul70 San Juan / Laventille 97 St John80 Tunapuna / Piarco90 Couva / Tabaquite / Talparo11 Mayaro / Rio Claro12 Sangre Grande13 Princes Town14 Penal / Debe15 Siparia

    POPULATION DENSITYPopulation Density relates to the number of persons per square kilometre in a clearly defined

    geographic area. It is computed by dividing the population in the specified area by its land area

    (in square kilometres).

    POPULATION CONCENTRATIONPopulation Concentration is measured based on the calculation of the index of concentration. This index compares the extent to which the percentage distribution of a given population across specific geographic regions/spatial units deviate from having a distribution that is consistent with

    the respective share of the total land area covered by each geographic region/spatial unit.

    An Index of Concentration of zero is indicative of a situation in which each region has a percentage of the total population consistent with its relative share of the total land area. An index of Concentration near to 100 is indicative of a population that is concentrated in one region/spatial unit only.

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    INDEX OF DISSIMILARITY This index is a simple summary measure which provides a basis for comparing two percentage distributions whether they reflect age groups, occupational status, educational characteristics, or

    ethnicity, among other attributes. It measures the extent to which one percentage distribution is not consistent with another. One of the two distributions is usually deemed to be the standard. In the context of a percentage distribution of a population by age group, it measures the extent to which cases in the reference population have to be redistributed to other age groups to match the distribution that is reflected by the percentage distribution characterizing the standard population.

    The theoretical range is between 0 and 100. Zero would denote that the two percentage distributions are identical and 100 would imply that the two percentage distributions are totally dissimilar. It should be noted that two populations with contrasting characteristics can have the same index of dissimilarity.

    INDEX OF POPULATION REDISTRIBUTIONThis index is based on the Index of Dissimilarity measuring the extent of change in the percentage distribution of a specific population between two dates. The two percentage

    distributions can be predicated on any given attribute of interest.

    AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZEThis is calculated by dividing the Total Non-Institutional Population by the Total Number of Households

    SEX RATIOThe sex ratio is normally defined as the number of males per 100 females and is computed as

    follows:-

    Total Male Populationx 100

    Total Female Population

    AGE DEPENDENCY RATIOThe age dependency ratio is defined as the percentage of persons in the dependent ages- less

    than 15 years and over 64 years- in relation to those of working age.

    Population under 15 years of age + Population 65 years old and over.x 100

    Population 15 64 years

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    MEDIAN AGEThe Median Age is the age that divides the population into two equal groups, that is, half the population is younger than the median age and half is older.

    PROPORTION OF AGED PERSONSThe proportion of aged persons has been regarded as an indicator of a young or old population. This is measured by the population sixty five (65) years old and over as a proportion of the total

    population.

    AGING INDEXThe Aging Index is the ratio of the number of persons sixty five (65) and over to the number of

    persons zero (0) to fourteen (14) years.

    Population 65 years old and overx 100

    Population 0-14 years

    SINGULATE MEAN AGE AT MARRIAGE The Singulate Mean Age at Marriage (SMAM) is an indirect estimate of the mean number of years lived by members of a population before marriage based on age-determined proportions of the population deemed to have ever been married in a specified period.

    POST ENUMERATION SURVEYThe Post Enumeration Survey is designed to produce estimates of both coverage and content errors. The Survey is normally conducted immediately after the conduct of the census.

    COVERAGE RATEThe Coverage Rate is the matched population between the Census and the Post Enumeration Survey (PES) relative to the PES population estimate. It is the complement of the Omission Rate.

    OMISSION RATEThe Census Omission Rate is the missed population relative to the PES population estimate.

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    FERTILITYSynthetic Cohort Fertility MeasuresTotal Fertility Rate (TFR) is a synthetic cohort fertility measure that is determined on the basis of age-specific birth rates in a specific period and permits efforts to gauge current fertility variation

    across different periods.

    The TFR is an estimate of the number of children a cohort of 1000 women would bear if they all went through their reproductive years exposed to the age-specific birth rates in effect in a specific

    period.

    The Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR) is the number of female children born to a woman throughout her productive life.

    Period Fertility MeasureThe General Fertility Rate (GFR) is the number of live births that occur in a year per 1000 women of childbearing ages, 15 49 years.

    Real Cohort Fertility MeasuresParity Progression Ratios (PPRs) assume the form of a probability associated with having another child given that one has already had a certain number of children. Reference is usually made to older women, say those aged 45-49 years as they would have more or less completed their fertility cycle.

    a0 is the proportion of women in the cohort assuming motherhood. It is also the probability of women in the cohort becoming mothers.

    an is the proportion of women in the cohort who have had n births and go on to have at least n+1 births. It is also the probability that women in the cohort having n births and proceeding to have at least n+1 births.

    The results permit assessments of the proportion of women from the cohort who remain childless as well as the estimation of the cohort fertility rate (CFR) of a real cohort.

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    Explanatory Notes

    De Facto Population - 1,332,901. This refers to all persons present in the country on 9th January 2011, including Visitors staying in Hotels and Rooming Establishments and in Private Dwellings and persons on Ships in Harbour. This total excludes all persons whose place of usual residence is Trinidad and Tobago but were abroad on that day.

    Total Population - 1,328,019. This refers to all persons whose usual residence is Trinidad and Tobago. The total includes,

    Household or Non institutional population usually resident in the country and were present on Census Night

    Household or Non institutional population usually resident in the country who were abroad for less than six months on Census Night.

    Population in Institutions and in Workers Camps Street Dwellers. T&T Students studying abroad.

    Excluded from this count: Foreign students studying in Trinidad and Tobago Foreign diplomats residing in Trinidad and Tobago.

    Non-Institutional Population (De Facto) - 1,325,569. This total represents the population found in private dwellings on Census Night, including visitors and persons for whom usual residence is abroad. Those Visitors who reside abroad will only be counted in the De Facto population.

    Non-Institutional Population - 1,322,546. This represents only the household population found in private dwellings for whom usual residence is Trinidad and Tobago.

    Population in Collective Living Quarters - 6,495. The subsets denoted as living collectively are shown in Data Table 6. Note: Visitors staying in Hotels and rooming establishments and who were present in the country on Census Night are only counted in the De Facto count of the population and are excluded from the total population count. Also, persons in Institutions and for whom usual residence is not Trinidad and Tobago are also excluded e.g. foreign students and refused leave

    to land persons in Detention Centres.

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    The Total Population has been adjusted for No contact, Non-response, Refusals and Under-

    coverage (see Key Concepts and Definitions). Estimates for Under-coverage were measured by

    the Post Enumeration Survey (PES).

    Adjustment factors were applied at the level of the Municipalities for Trinidad and at the level of the Parishes for Tobago.

    Imputations were made for missing ages except for the Street Dwellers.

    Discrepancies between totals and component totals in the Data Tables may be due to rounding.

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    Data Highlights

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    Summary of MeasuresTrinidad and Tobago

    POPULATION COMPOSITION 2011 2000 1990Median Age 32.6 28.1 24.1Age Dependency Ratio 41.9 48.0 65.8Proportion of Aged Persons 9.0 7.1 6.2Sex Ratio 100.7 100.6 99.8Excess/Deficit 0.3 0.3 -0.1

    POPULATION CHANGE 2000-2011 1990-2000 1980-1990

    Population Growth Rate 0.5 0.4 1.2Index of Dissimilarity (age structure) 10.7 10.3 Index of Population Redistribution 3.1

    POPULATION CONCENTRATION 2011 2000 1990Population Density 259.0 246.0 236.7Index of Population Concentration 0.4 0.4

    ENTRY INTO MARRIAGE 2011 2000 1990

    Proportion ever married 51.1 51.2 53.4Singulate Mean Age at Marriage (SMAM) - Males 31.8 31.4 29.9Singulate Mean Age at Marriage (SMAM) - Females 29.2 28.1 27.1

    FERTILITY INDICATORS 2011 2000 1990Cohort Fertility Rates 2.5 3.1 4.1Index of Childlessness 12.8 10.0 8.3

    GROWTH IN HOUSEHOLD STOCK 2000-2011 1990-2000 1980-1990 Average Annual Growth in number of Households 1.5

    CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLD STOCK 2011 2000 1990

    Average Household Size 3.3 3.6 4.1Note ... = not available

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    1. NATIONAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

    POPULATION GROWTH/SIZE/TRENDSThe total population of Trinidad and Tobago based on the 2011 Population and Housing Census was 1,328,019. This population is referred to as all usual residents and did not include visitors to the country. The sub-populations included in this figure were persons in private dwellings

    referred to as the non-institutional population, persons in institutions and workers camps, and street dwellers. When the sizes of non-institutional and street-dweller populations enumerated in 2011 were compared with corresponding sizes for census 2000, Table 1.1 shows that there were increases of 5.7% from 1,250,652 (2000) to 1,322,546 (2011) and 13.4% from 471 (2000) to 534 (2011) respectively. With respect to the size of populations enumerated in institutions and workers camps, a steep decline of 57.8% from 11,714 (2000) to 4,939 (2011) was observed between the two censuses.

    Table 1.1:Comparison of Total Population, 2011 and 2000: Trinidad and Tobago

    Population 2011 2000 Change (%)Non institutional persons found in private dwellings 1,322,546 1,250,652 5.7

    Institutions and Workers Camps - usual residents 4,939 11,714 (57.8)

    Street Dwellers 534 471 13.4

    Total 1,328,019 1,262,366 5.2

    Usual residents in institutions would include only those who have spent six(6) months or more in institutions and whose usual residence is Trinidad and Tobago. Persons who spent less than 6 months would have been counted in their respective households, foreign students and persons who were in the Detention Centre having been refused leave to land by Immigration authorities

    would have been excluded from these census counts.

    Table 1.2 gives the size of the population from 1851 to 2011 and the computed growth rates. There was a steady growth in the population from as far back as 1851, which is also illustrated in Chart 1.1. The largest increase of 3.0% per annum was recorded between 1871 and 1881, while the smallest increase of 0.4% per annum was observed between 1990 and 2000. Between 2000 and 2011, the annual rate of population growth was 0.5%, negligibly larger than that of the previous intercensal period and reinforced the fact that the rate of population growth in Trinidad and Tobago has been lower since 1990 when compared to periods before 1990.

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    For the intercensal period 2000-2011, the change in population size was 65,653. Between the last census in June of 2000 to the 9th January 2011, the total number of live births was estimated to be 196,093 while the total number of deaths was estimated to be 104,417 implying a natural increase of 91,676 persons. Net migration calculated as the difference in intercensal growth and the natural increase has therefore been estimated as (26,023).

    Table 1.2: Trends and Growth Rates in Total Population, 1851-2011: Trinidad & Tobago

    Census Year Duration of the intercensal

    period (in years)

    Trinidad & Tobago Population

    IntercensalChange

    (Absolute)

    Intercensal Change(Percentage)

    Population Growth Rate per Annum

    1851 na 82978 na na na1861 10.0 99848 16870 20.3 1.91871 10.0 126692 26844 26.9 2.41881 10.0 171179 44487 35.1 3.01891 10.0 218381 47202 27.6 2.41901 10.0 273899 55518 25.4 2.31911 9.9 333552 59653 21.8 2.01921 10.1 365913 32361 9.7 0.91931 10.0 412783 46870 12.8 1.21946 15.0 563222 150439 36.4 2.11960 14.0 834350 271128 48.1 2.81970 10.0 945210 110860 13.3 1.21980 10.1 1079791 134581 14.2 1.31990 10.0 1213733 133942 12.4 1.22000 10.1 1262366 48633 4.0 0.42011 10.6 1328019 65653 5.2 0.5

    Source: Central Statistical Office (CSO) Note: na = not applicable

  • 4 T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O 2 0 1 1 P O P U L A T I O N A N D H O U S I N G C E N S U SD E M O G R A P H I C R E P O R T

    Chart 1.1:Trend in Total Populations 1851- 2011: Trinidad & Tobago

    Chart 1.2:Population Growth Rates per Annum by Intercensal Period 1851-2011:

    Trinidad & Tobago

  • T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O 2 0 1 1 P O P U L A T I O N A N D H O U S I N G C E N S U SD E M O G R A P H I C R E P O R T

    5

    Table 1.3 shows the changes in census population by municipalities in Trinidad and Parishes in Tobago. Declines were observed in the Cities of Port-of-Spain and San Fernando and Diego Martin Region. Minimal growth was seen in all the other areas except San Juan/Laventille where no change was reported. The Borough of Chaguanas in Trinidad and the Parish of St George in Tobago experienced the highest growth.

    Table 1.3:Population Growth by Municipalities in Trinidad and Parishes in Tobago 2000-2011.

    Municipality Total Population Population Growth per

    Annum2000 2011 2000-2011

    TRINIDAD & TOBAGO 1262366 1328019 0.5 TRINIDAD 1208282 1267145 0.4City of Port of Spain 49031 37074 -2.6City of San Fernando 55419 48838 -1.2Borough of Arima 32278 33606 0.4Borough of Chaguanas 67433 83516 2.0Borough of Point Fortin 19056 20235 0.6Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo 162779 178410 0.9Diego Martin 105720 102957 -0.3Mayaro/Rio Claro 32143 35650 1.0Penal/Debe 83609 89392 0.6Princes Town 91947 102375 1.0San Juan/Laventille 157295 157258 0.0Sangre Grande 65680 75766 1.3Siparia 81917 86949 0.6Tunapuna/Piarco 203975 215119 0.5 TOBAGO 54084 60874 1.1St Andrew 15830 17536 1.0St David 7504 8733 1.4St George 5364 6875 2.3St John 2998 2825 -0.6St Mary 2965 3297 1.0St Patrick 14011 15560 1.0St Paul 5412 6048 1.0

  • 6 T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O 2 0 1 1 P O P U L A T I O N A N D H O U S I N G C E N S U SD E M O G R A P H I C R E P O R T

    AGE/SEX COMPOSITIONChart 1.3 shows a comparison of the age/sex pyramids of 2000 and 2011 which reflects the

    changing age structures of the national population. The structure of the 2011 population has been superimposed on the structure of the 2000 population. In the youngest age group (0-4 years) there was growth in the percentage distribution of both the male and female populations. The widening of the top of the pyramid in 2011 is consistent with the aging of the population of Trinidad and Tobago.

    Table 1.4 shows that increases in population size were also observed in each of the five-year age

    groups between 20 and 34 years, as well as, all groups over 45 years. Irrespective of sex, there were declines in the size of populations in each of the five-year age groups between 5 years and

    19 years and between 35 years and 44 years. The declines in the age groups 10-14 years and 15-19 years were quite noteworthy. A further examination of the age composition showed that the population in age groups classified as the dependent group (i.e. all persons aged 0-14 years and

    65+ years) decreased from 32.4% of the population in 2000 to 29.6% in 2011. The working-age population classified as persons 15-64 years increased from 67.6% in 2000 to 70.4% in 2011.

    Chart 1.13: Percentage Distribution of Total Population by Religious Groups, 2011

    Trinidad and Tobago

  • T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O 2 0 1 1 P O P U L A T I O N A N D H O U S I N G C E N S U SD E M O G R A P H I C R E P O R T

    7

    Tabl

    e 1.

    4:A

    ge/S

    ex C

    ompo

    sitio

    n of

    the

    Cen

    sus

    Popu

    latio

    n, 2

    011,

    200

    0, 1

    990

    and

    1980

    : Tr

    inid

    ad &

    Tob

    ago

    20

    1120

    0019

    9019

    80B

    oth

    Sexe

    sM

    ale

    Fem

    ale

    Bot

    h Se

    xes

    Mal

    eFe

    mal

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    oth

    Sexe

    sM

    ale

    Fem

    ale

    Bot

    h Se

    xes

    Mal

    eFe

    mal

    e

    All

    Age

    s13

    2801

    966

    6305

    6617

    1412

    6236

    663

    3051

    6293

    1512

    1373

    360

    6388

    6073

    4510

    7979

    153

    9640

    5401

    51

    0 - 4

    9412

    147

    847

    4627

    486

    026

    4359

    542

    431

    1318

    3266

    500

    6533

    212

    8199

    6507

    963

    120

    5 - 9

    9133

    046

    379

    4495

    210

    4507

    5291

    351

    594

    1468

    8374

    088

    7279

    512

    0448

    6088

    259

    566

    10 -

    1487

    963

    4495

    343

    010

    1294

    0465

    367

    6403

    712

    7438

    6449

    562

    943

    1210

    6460

    657

    6040

    715

    - 19

    9837

    849

    709

    4867

    013

    8477

    6977

    468

    703

    1143

    7958

    221

    5615

    813

    3833

    6720

    866

    625

    20 -

    2411

    4240

    5740

    756

    833

    1119

    8056

    881

    5509

    910

    4107

    5207

    652

    031

    1124

    7356

    596

    5587

    725

    - 29

    1235

    1762

    268

    6125

    096

    605

    4895

    747

    648

    1111

    8155

    711

    5547

    088

    805

    4453

    744

    268

    30 -

    3410

    5580

    5389

    751

    683

    9219

    346

    067

    4612

    696

    359

    4802

    448

    335

    7232

    436

    631

    3569

    335

    - 39

    9253

    846

    862

    4567

    710

    2573

    5130

    351

    270

    7955

    239

    882

    3967

    057

    206

    2857

    728

    629

    40 -

    4486

    163

    4349

    142

    672

    9037

    145

    482

    4488

    966

    053

    3343

    132

    622

    4838

    624

    144

    2424

    245

    - 49

    9611

    348

    685

    4742

    974

    822

    3803

    736

    785

    5244

    726

    066

    2638

    140

    323

    1969

    320

    630

    50 -

    5487

    184

    4398

    143

    203

    6243

    331

    900

    3053

    343

    313

    2146

    121

    852

    3711

    118

    294

    1881

    755

    - 59

    7321

    536

    719

    3649

    646

    498

    2323

    023

    268

    3434

    816

    764

    1758

    432

    157

    1646

    815

    689

    60 -

    6458

    647

    2964

    529

    002

    3710

    918

    207

    1890

    230

    100

    1474

    115

    359

    2728

    614

    004

    1328

    265

    - 69

    4463

    921

    582

    2305

    530

    421

    1455

    315

    868

    2757

    313

    289

    1428

    425

    252

    1185

    613

    396

    70 -

    7430

    289

    1420

    916

    079

    2339

    911

    110

    1228

    920

    354

    9859

    1049

    516

    204

    7506

    8698

    75 -

    7920

    750

    9286

    1146

    317

    000

    7938

    9062

    1429

    165

    5777

    3410

    261

    4379

    5882

    80 +

    2335

    193

    8413

    966

    1854

    877

    3710

    811

    1352

    352

    2383

    0084

    5931

    2953

    30

    Not

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    was

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    d.

  • 8 T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O 2 0 1 1 P O P U L A T I O N A N D H O U S I N G C E N S U SD E M O G R A P H I C R E P O R T

    Chart 1.4:Age/Sex Composition of Total Population, 2011: Trinidad

    Chart 1.5:Age/Sex Composition of Total Population, 2000: Trinidad

    A comparison of the pyramids for Trinidad in 2000 and 2011 showed that the classic pyramid shape seemed to be slowly disappearing and the resemblance of a bi-modal distribution may be developing where two age ranges were becoming dominant, 20-34 years and 45-55 years.

  • T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O 2 0 1 1 P O P U L A T I O N A N D H O U S I N G C E N S U SD E M O G R A P H I C R E P O R T

    9

    Chart 1.6:Age/Sex Composition of Total Population, 2011: Tobago

    Chart 1.7:Age/Sex Composition of Total Population, 2000: Tobago

    As in the case of the pyramids for Trinidad and Tobago, in 2000 and 2011, corresponding pyramids for Tobago reveal a similar expansion at the top of the pyramids which is indicative of aging among the population of Tobago with the passage of time.

  • 10 T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O 2 0 1 1 P O P U L A T I O N A N D H O U S I N G C E N S U SD E M O G R A P H I C R E P O R T

    Sex Ratio and Excess/Deficit

    With reference to the population of Trinidad and Tobago in 1980 and 1990, Table 1.5 shows that the census data were consistent with a slight preponderance of females over males in the respective populations, this being especially evident among persons 35 - 54 years and 65 years or older in 1980 and among persons 45 years or older in 1990. Based on the 2000 census, however, Table 1.5 is indicative of a sex ratio that is consistent with a slight preponderance of males over females in the entire population. This was particularly the case in every five-year age group below the

    age of 55 years. For persons in five-year age groups between the ages of 55 and 79 years and

    those 80 years or older, females outnumbered males. A similar trend existed based on the 2011 census, where the number of males was greater than the number of females in all five-year age

    groups under 65 years. For persons in five-year age groups between the ages of 65 and 79 years

    and those 80 years or older, females also outnumbered males. These observations revealed highly consistent patterns of variation in the age-determined sex composition of the population of Trinidad and Tobago across the four census years.

    Table 1.5:Sex Ratio and Excess/Deficit by Age Group, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2011:

    Trinidad and Tobago

    Sex Ratio Excess/ Deficit 2011 2000 1990 1980 2011 2000 1990 1980

    TRINIDAD & TOBAGO All Ages

    100.7 100.6 99.8 99.9 0.3 0.3 -0.1 0.0

    0 - 4 103.4 102.7 101.8 103.1 1.7 1.4 0.9 1.55 - 9 103.2 102.6 101.8 102.2 1.6 1.3 0.9 1.1

    10 - 14 104.5 102.1 102.5 100.4 2.2 1.0 1.2 0.215 - 19 102.1 101.6 103.7 100.9 1.1 0.8 1.8 0.420 - 24 101.0 103.2 100.1 101.3 0.5 1.6 0.0 0.625 - 29 101.7 102.7 100.4 100.6 0.8 1.4 0.2 0.330 - 34 104.3 99.9 99.4 102.6 2.1 -0.1 -0.3 1.335 - 39 102.6 100.1 100.5 99.8 1.3 0.0 0.3 -0.140 - 44 101.9 101.3 102.5 99.6 1.0 0.7 1.2 -0.245 - 49 102.6 103.4 98.8 95.5 1.3 1.7 -0.6 -2.350 - 54 101.8 104.5 98.2 97.2 0.9 2.2 -0.9 -1.455 - 59 100.6 99.8 95.3 105.0 0.3 -0.1 -2.4 2.460 - 64 102.2 96.3 96.0 105.4 1.1 -1.9 -2.1 2.665 - 69 93.6 91.7 93.0 88.5 -3.3 -4.3 -3.6 -6.170 - 74 88.4 90.4 93.9 86.3 -6.2 -5.0 -3.1 -7.475 - 79 81.0 87.6 84.8 74.4 -10.5 -6.6 -8.2 -14.6

    80 + 67.2 71.6 62.9 58.7 -19.6 -16.6 -22.8 -26.0

    Note: Excess/Deficit = (M-F)/(M+F) x 100 Sex Ratio: M/F x 100where M=# of male and F = # of female

  • T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O 2 0 1 1 P O P U L A T I O N A N D H O U S I N G C E N S U SD E M O G R A P H I C R E P O R T

    11

    Chart 1.8:Sex Ratio by Municipality, 2011 and 2000

  • 12 T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O 2 0 1 1 P O P U L A T I O N A N D H O U S I N G C E N S U SD E M O G R A P H I C R E P O R T

    Indicators of Aging PopulationsTable 1.6 shows that the age dependency ratio for Trinidad and Tobago decreased from 48 in 2000 to 42 in 2011. This ratio looks at the proportion of dependents, that is, the combined child population comprising all age groups of persons less than 15 years and the aged population of persons 65 and older in relation to the working-age population defined as the 15-64 age groups.

    The decline in this ratio meant that every 100 members of the working-age population were carrying 42 dependents in census 2011 instead of 48 as was seen in census 2000. The improvement in the age dependency ratio in 2011 was due to a growth in the working-age population (15-64 years) and a decline in the dependent population.

    When the age dependency ratio is examined by Municipality, five (5) municipalities showed ratios

    below the national average. In descending order they were Tunapuna/Piarco; Princes Town; Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo; Penal/Debe and Chaguanas. Areas with ratios above the national average (also in descending order) were Port of Spain; Diego Martin; Tobago, San Juan/Laventille; San Fernando, Sangre Grande, Point Fortin, and Arima. The other areas had age dependency ratios which were similar to the national average.

    Table 1.6 shows persons age 65 years or older as a percentage of the total population as an indicator of a young or old population. The indicator shows that in 2011, persons age 65 years or older relative to the total population rose to 9.0% from 5.6% in 1980. A population in which this indicator assumes magnitudes ranging between 5 and 10 is regarded as neither young nor old but is in an intermediate stage.

    Another indicator that examines the age composition of a population is the aging index. (Table 1.6). This index, which measures the persons 65 years and older relative to the population under 15 years of age, more than doubled from 16.3 as measured by the 1980 census data to 43.5 based on the 2011 census. A population with a ratio above 30 may be described as old. In

    Trinidad, the municipalities with aging indices above the national average were the Cities of Port of Spain and San Fernando and the Regions of Couva/ Tabaquite/ Talparo, Arima and Mayaro/ Rio Claro. In the island of Tobago, aging indices above the national average were recorded for the Parishes of St George and St John.

    The median is another measure used to describe the age composition of the population. In 2011, Table 1.6 reveals that the median age was 32.6 years which meant that half of the population was younger than 32.6 years while the other half was older than 32.6 years. Countries with median ages over 30 are described as old. In 2000, a younger median age of 28 years was reported and

    this can be interpreted as an intermediate stage between young and old.

  • T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O 2 0 1 1 P O P U L A T I O N A N D H O U S I N G C E N S U SD E M O G R A P H I C R E P O R T

    13

    Table 1.6:Indicators of Aging Populations by Municipality, 2011 and 2000

    Municipality/Parish Census Year

    MedianAge

    Age Dependency

    Ratio

    Proportion of Aged Persons

    Aging Index

    TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 2011 32.6 41.9 9.0 43.52000 28.1 48.0 7.1 27.91990 24.1 65.8 6.2 18.61980 21.6 66.1 5.6 16.3

    TRINIDAD 2011 32.6 41.8 8.9 43.62000 28.1 47.8 7.0 27.9

    City of Port of Spain 2011 36.6 49.9 14.8 81.22000 31.9 55.2 13.0 57.5

    City of San Fernando 2011 34.8 45.1 12.2 64.32000 30.8 47.6 9.6 42.3

    Borough of Arima 2011 33.3 43.0 9.8 48.72000 28.6 47.6 7.5 30.2

    Borough of Chaguanas 2011 32.4 36.9 6.8 33.72000 27.5 42.8 4.8 18.9

    Borough of Point Fortin 2011 31.0 44.1 8.9 40.92000 27.4 55.6 8.9 33.2

    Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo 2011 32.4 38.4 7.3 62.02000 27.6 44.8 5.5 36.2

    Diego Martin 2011 34.5 47.6 12.3 43.42000 30.2 50.2 8.9 31.0

    Mayaro/Rio Claro 2011 30.4 42.8 7.4 43.62000 25.9 53.6 5.7 24.3

    Penal/Debe 2011 33.3 37.6 8.1 36.02000 28.2 43.0 5.9 21.4

    Princes Town 2011 31.5 40.3 7.9 32.92000 26.8 48.6 6.2 19.7

    San Juan/Laventille 2011 31.8 45.2 9.4 33.42000 27.7 51.3 8.0 23.8

    Sangre Grande 2011 30.5 44.2 7.7 37.92000 26.2 54.1 6.7 23.3

    Siparia 2011 32.3 42.2 9.2 42.42000 27.9 50.8 7.7 24.2

    Tunapuna/Piarco 2011 33.0 40.3 8.7 44.62000 28.3 43.6 5.9 29.4

  • 14 T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O 2 0 1 1 P O P U L A T I O N A N D H O U S I N G C E N S U SD E M O G R A P H I C R E P O R T

    Table 1.6:Indicators of Aging Populations by Municipality, 2011 and 2000

    Municipality/Parish Census Year

    MedianAge

    Age Dependency

    Ratio

    Proportion of Aged Persons

    Aging Index

    TOBAGO 2011 32.0 45.9 9.3 41.82000 28.1 52.1 7.8 29.3

    St Andrew 2011 33.0 46.3 9.9 38.22000 28.9 49.6 7.7 27.1

    St David 2011 30.6 46.9 8.5 35.62000 26.3 56.0 7.9 26.1

    St George 2011 31.2 46.0 8.7 45.52000 27.3 55.8 7.6 30.0

    St John 2011 31.2 48.8 9.3 47.32000 28.7 62.6 10.1 30.1

    St Mary 2011 30.7 44.6 8.1 36.12000 24.8 61.9 7.9 28.1

    St Patrick 2011 33.4 44.7 9.9 35.92000 29.8 45.1 7.2 28.2

    St Paul 2011 29.7 45.6 8.3 39.62000 26.0 59.2 8.2 35.8

    Chart 1.9:Age Sex Composition Selected Indicators, Trinidad and Tobago:

    1980, 1990, 2000 and 2011

  • T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O 2 0 1 1 P O P U L A T I O N A N D H O U S I N G C E N S U SD E M O G R A P H I C R E P O R T

    15

    ETHNIC COMPOSITIONIn 2011, Chart 1.10 shows that East Indians and Africans were again the two largest ethnic groups in Trinidad and Tobago. East Indians accounted for 35.4% of the total population while Africans accounted for 34.2%. In the 2000 census, the respective percentages were 40% and 37.5%. The difference between the groups narrowed from 2.5% in 2000 to 1.2% in 2011.

    The next largest group was described as Mixed representing 22.8% of the population and

    disaggregated into the African/East Indian 7.7% and Mixed Other 15.1%. This group increased

    from 20.5% in 2000. All other ethnic groups totalled 1.4% although there was a relatively large not

    stated category consisting of 6.2%.

    When the ethnic composition was compared across the two islands, a completely different landscape was observed in Tobago as compared to Trinidad (Chart 1.11). Chart 1.12 shows that 85.2 % of the population was African followed by the Mixed group comprising 8.5%.

    Chart 1.10:Percentage Distribution of Total Population by Ethnic Group, 2011

    Trinidad and Tobago

  • 16 T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O 2 0 1 1 P O P U L A T I O N A N D H O U S I N G C E N S U SD E M O G R A P H I C R E P O R T

    Chart 1.11:Percentage Distribution of Total Population by Ethnic Group,

    2011 Trinidad

    Chart 1.12:Percentage Distribution of Total Population by Ethnic Group, 2011 Tobago

  • T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O 2 0 1 1 P O P U L A T I O N A N D H O U S I N G C E N S U SD E M O G R A P H I C R E P O R T

    17

    RELIGIOUS COMPOSITIONIn 2011, according to Table 1.7, Roman Catholicism was again the largest religious denomination with 285,671 followers, having declined from a membership of 289,711 in 2000, a decrease of 1.4%. Other religious denominations that experienced decreases in their membership in 2011 were Hinduism, Anglican, Presbyterian/Congregational and Methodist. The number of persons claiming affiliation to Pentecostal/Evangelical/Full Gospel more than doubled from 76,327 in 2000

    to 159,033 in 2011, an increase of 108.4%. Interestingly, the category None rose by 33.5% and

    the Not Stated constituted quite a large number of persons. Chart 1.13 gives a distribution of the

    population by religious affiliations based on the 2011 Population and Housing Census.

    Table 1.7:Religious Composition, 2011, 2000: Trinidad and Tobago

    TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 2011 2000 % ChangeAnglican 74994 86792 -13.6Baptist 90953 79899 13.8Hinduism 240100 250760 -4.3Islam 65705 64648 1.6Jehovahs Witness 19450 17948 8.4Methodist 8648 10396 -16.8Pentecostal/ Evangelical/ Full Gospel 159033 76327 108.4Presbyterian/ Congregational 32972 36710 -10.2Roman Catholic 285671 289711 -1.4Seventh Day Adventist 54156 44147 22.7Other 115225 120666 -4.5None 28842 21598 33.5Not Stated 146798 15170 867.7

  • 18 T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O 2 0 1 1 P O P U L A T I O N A N D H O U S I N G C E N S U SD E M O G R A P H I C R E P O R T

    Chart 1.13:Percentage Distribution of Total Population by Religious Groups, 2011

    Trinidad and Tobago

    EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND QUALIFICATIONSAccording to the 2011 Population and Housing Census, Data Table 20 shows that 29.8% of the population had attained primary-level education. Proportions amounting to 43.5% had attained secondary and post-secondary, with 6.2% attaining tertiary non-university level education and 8.4% tertiary university-level education. When educational attainment is disaggregated by sex, males outnumbered females up to the primary and secondary levels. At the tertiary level females outnumbered males.

    As illustrated in Chart 1.14, 38.7% of the population 15 years or older had no qualifications.

    Included in this proportion are some persons who may not have written examinations to receive qualifications. The chart also show that 4.3% reported school leaving as the highest qualification

    attained and 2.1% claimed to have attained CXC Basic as their highest educational qualification.

    While 25.1% achieved GCE O level/CXC General or A Levels as their highest educational

    qualification, 9.3% were granted Diplomas, 5.0% achieved either a Bachelors or a Masters

    degree and 0.2% matriculated to the doctoral level.

  • T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O 2 0 1 1 P O P U L A T I O N A N D H O U S I N G C E N S U SD E M O G R A P H I C R E P O R T

    19

    Chart 1.15 shows the percentage distribution of the population 15 years or older in 5 year age groups by status with regard to having educational qualifications. From the age group 20-24

    years to the 40- 44 years, more than half the population in each age group had some form of qualification. In the 45-49 year age group, there was almost an even split with respect to those

    having qualifications and those not having any qualifications. In older age groups, from 50 years

    or older, more than half the population in each age group had no educational qualifications.

    Chart 1.14:Percentage Distribution of the Population 15 years or older byHighest Qualification Ever Attained, 2011: Trinidad and Tobago

  • 20 T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O 2 0 1 1 P O P U L A T I O N A N D H O U S I N G C E N S U SD E M O G R A P H I C R E P O R T

    Chart 1.15:Percentage Distribution for Population 15 years and over by Qualifications and Age

    Group, 2011 Trinidad and Tobago

    Note. This does not include the Not Stated category of 202,020

    INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS Intercensal Emigration 2000-2011An emigrant is defined as a person who leaves one country to take up residence in another.

    In Trinidad and Tobago, there were 15,455 persons who migrated to other countries during the period 2000-2011. Migration is one of the components of population change and has been notoriously difficult to measure accurately. The 2011 census attempted to account for migration

    during the period since the 2000 census by asking household heads about migratory movements of former household members. However, in cases where entire households migrated, no data were obtained about migration.

  • T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O 2 0 1 1 P O P U L A T I O N A N D H O U S I N G C E N S U SD E M O G R A P H I C R E P O R T

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    During the period 1960-1980 it is estimated that Trinidad and Tobago had lost approximately 175,000 of its nationals (National Census Report; Trinidad and Tobago; 1990). The trend in destination countries of choice continued to be the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. Together, these three countries received over 81% of Trinidad and Tobagos emigrants amounting to 12,594 durin