Transport Modes Multimodal Transport Hamburg PA

7/24/2019 Transport Modes Multimodal Transport Hamburg PA

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Dr. Phanthian Zuesongdham

Maritime Logistics Module:

Introduction to TEN-T, MoS and

TrainMoS

Modes of Transport and MultimodalTransport

04 February 2013


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Transport Chain

2Dr. Phanthian Zuesongdham

Hinterland - Export Overseas Transport Hinterland - Import

Source: Adapted from MoS4MoS Project, 2012


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Transport Modes


Air

Pipeline

Rail

Road

Waterbourne


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Transport Mode: Air

Characteristics of Demand

Unpredictable, infrequent, in excess of local supply,

seasonal

Typical Commodity

Perishables or subject to quick obsolescence

Required on short notice

Valuable relative to weight

Expensive to handle or store

Required for high security transportation



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Transport Mode: Air

Transportation by air, when distribution problems include

Risk of pilferage, breakage, or deterioration

High insurance costs for long in-transit period

Heavy or expensive packaging required for surface transportation

Need for special handling or care

Importance of Air Transport

Main drivers of globalisation beside sea transport

Enabling high level of mobility of persons for business and private purposesKey factor to magnitise economic and political activities



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Transport Mode: Air Transport Operation

Airport



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Transport Mode: Air Transport Operation

Air Logistics Center



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Transport Mode: Road

Characteristics of road freightRequire flexibility and quick response to the demand

Serve door-to-door services without no transhipment (uses of RoRo vessels

or Ferries for overseas transport possible)

Negative impact of road transport

Contribution to traffic jam

Large CO2-Footprint when comparing to other modes of transport

Often mis-exploitation / too much pressure on the truck drivers



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Road Train ConceptTrucking concept for remote areas to move freight more efficiently (practiced in

Argentina, USA, Canada, Mexico and Australia)

Consists of conventional tractor unit pulling more than two units of trailers or semi-

trailer

9Dr. Phanthian ZuesongdhamSource: Wikicommons, 2004 (www.retas.de/thomas/travel/australia2005/)


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Road transport and Cross-DockingCommon practice in the logistics process for efficient distribution of good via road

transport

Loading of goods is done directly into outbound trucks or trailers with less or no

storage in between.

Mostly the goods are already sorted for the loading with the same or similar

destination.


Advantages Disadvantages

Require good network of partners for start up

Need for adequate transport fleet to operate

Need for a computerised logistics system forwell-managed processes and therefore

investment intensive

Additional freight handling can lead to product

damage

Streamline supply chain from point of origin to

point of sale

Reduce handling, operating and storage costsof inventory

Products get to the distributor and

consequently to the customer faster

Reduces, or eliminates warehousing costs for

retailers


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Tranport Mode: Rail

Characteristics of rail transportHigh level of safety and efficiency of energy consumption

Large capacity for hinterland transport resulting in moderate prices

comparing to road transport for the same distance

Less land occupation than road transportWeakness of rail transport

Highly depends on the railway infrastructure with intensive maintenance

Less flexible than road transport

Infrastructure failures can disrupt freight revenue operation



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Transport Mode: Rail

Block Train Concept

Scheduled cargo rail connections a

serving specific route from a

consolidation center (e.g. container

terminal) to a distribution center / point

Example of Block Train Operator: Polzug

Polzug offers regular services between

Rotterdam, Bremen, Hamburg and

Poland. Transhipment in Poland to be

further distributed to Baltic States,

Russia, Ukraine and Caucasus.


Source: http://www.kombiverkehr.de/neptun/neptun.php/oktopus/page/2/47 Photo: Top - Hafen-Hamburg.de, Bottom Contrailo.de


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Transport Mode: Rail

RailNetEurope (RNE)

Association set up in January 2004 by a

majority of European rail infrastructure

managers to enable fast, easy access

to European rail, as well as to increase

the quality and efficiency of international

rail traffic.Currently with 38 members in the

network covering over 230,000 Km

Daily process and services:

European wide timetabling

Common marketing and sale approachCooperation in operations

Train information exchanges in real time

cross borders

After-sale service (e.g. reporting)


Source: http://www.railneteurope.com


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Tranport Mode: Pipeline

Characteristics of pipeline transport

Progressive and economically advantageous mode of transport

Flexible and less or no freight losses in transit

Complete mechanisation and automation of loading and unloading operation as well

as recovery of packaging

Low cost per unit e.g. the costs of pipeline transportation are one-third of those forrailroad transport.

Typical commodity of pipeline freight

Liquids e.g. oil, chemical liquids, beer

GasCoal (with water as facilitator)



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Tranport Mode: Pipeline and its funcition

Gathering pipeline

Group of smaller interconnected pipelines from complex networks

E.g. bringing up crude oil or natural gas from nearby plants or platforms

Typically not long and not large pipelines

Transportation pipeline

Mainly long and large diameter pipeline used to move products between cities,

countries or even intercontinent.

Typically installed with several compressure stations in gas lines or pump stations for

crude or multiproduct pipelines

Distr ibution pipeline (or feeder pipeline)

Consisting of several interconnected pipelines with small diameters to deliver the

product to final consumers

Also including pipeline at terminals for distributing products to tanks and storage

facilities



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Tranport Mode: Waterbourne

Classification of waterbourne transport

Overseas

Inland Waterway

Characterist ics of waterbourne transport

Largest vehicle for freight transportEconomy of Scale in terms of costs per unit

of goods

Ability to transport large volume

Typical commodity

Containerised cargo

General cargo

Bulk (solid, liquid)

Project / Heavy-lift cargo


Photo: Hafen Hamburg / H.-J. Hettchen

Photo: MS Marco Polo, HHM, 2012


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Tranport Mode: Sea Transport

Summary from Review of Maritime Transport 2012 by UNCTAD

Seabourne trade reached 8.7 Billion Tons

World fleet grew by 37 percents in four years

However, freight rates reported as unprofitable for carriers

Container port throughput increased by 5.9 per cent

Growing concerns regarding freight transport Green Shipping, adoption of

Environmental Shipping Index (ESI)


Source: UNCTAD, 2012


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Tranport Mode: Sea Transport


Source: UNCTAD, 2012


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Tranport Mode: Inland Waterway

Characteristics of Inland Waterway

Competitive alternative to road and rail transport due to lower operational costs

Environmental friendly in term of energy consumption and emission of gas and noise

High degree of safety, in particular for dangerous cargo

Enabling decongestion of the overloaded road network

Very low external costs e.g. accidents, congestion, noise emission, air pollution and

other environmental impact.

High payloads, suitable for all kinds of massive goods, liquids and dry bulks

However, inland waterway is still not yet very popular mode of transport because

Relatively low network forming capacity. Mostly the network does not follow the cargoflow.

Ship types on the market is built specially for specific cargo, therefore not flexible.


Source: PINE - European Commission, 2004


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Multimodal Transport

Also called Intermodal Transport, Sychromodal Transport, Co-Modality

Principle:

Defined as the movement of goods in one and the same load unit or road vehicle,

which uses successively two or more modes of transport, without moving the good

themselves when changing modes (UNECE)

Use of standard load units

With reduced cargo handling, the freight security can be improved. Damages and

losses can be reduced. Freight can be transported faster because of less handling

time.

Best possibility for utilising resources

Enabling optimised carbon footprint of a freight transport



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Multimodal Transport:

Characteristics in

Comparison


Source: PINE/European Commission, 2004


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Transport Mode in comparison on environmental impact


Source: Mercosul Line, 2012 (http://www.mercosul-line.com.br/ing/responsabilidade_TransporteeMeioAmbiente.php?n=2)


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Increasing needs in Multimodal Transport

Multimodal transport is one key instrument in managing supply chain

Common drivers in supply chain: time, reliablity and flexibility

Role of transport in the supply chain is crucial.

Increasing requirements to transport such as security and safety to prevent damage or

value losses

Mutimodal transport can deliver following strengths which are need in the logistics

solutions:

The scale of operation can be flexible to demand because of efficiency in transport

24/7-Operation of transport services offered in the market

Use of terminals in the multimodal chain for (de)consolidation to optimise buffer in

transport chain

Use of intermodal load units for (un)loading to best fit the clients need


Source: EIRAC, 2010


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Solutions enhancing multimodal transport: Examples


Source: EIRAC, 2010

Innovative Load Units

Tellibox Glass safe on train


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Source: EIRAC, 2010

Innovative ICT Solutions

Efficient Terminal Operating System Automatic ID for Intermodal Chain


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Source: EIRAC, 2010

Innovative ICT Solutions: Intermodal Transport Planning Tool


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Kontaktdaten

HPA Hamburg Port Authority AR

Neuer Wandrahm 4

20457 Hamburg

www.hamburg-port-authority.de

Dr. Phanthian Zuesongdham

E-Mail: [email protected]

Transport Modes Multimodal Transport Hamburg PA

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