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Transformational System

Jun 02, 2018

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Aaron Aewan
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    Contrast reactive systems with transformational

    systems, that compute output from an input and

    then terminate.

    - Terminating

    - sometimes interactive

    - not interrupt-driven- output not state-dependent

    - output dened in terms of input

    - sequential

    - usually not real-time- compiler, assembler, loader, expert system,

    optimization algorithm, search algorithm,

    linear programming algorithm,

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    Transformational Systems are essentially thosewhose

    behaviour can be described in terms of eachcomponents input/output behaviour.

    Each component in a system receives some input,carries

    out some computations (typically on internal data

    structures), and terminates producing some output.

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    Transformational

    A Transformational System

    A data input is taken and it returns an

    output.

    The order of data inputs is preset.

    Its execution must end.

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    Examples :

    1) Computer the sum of a list of numbers

    2) Read a text file, computer how often each

    word occurs and display the resultgraphically.

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    LIST OF PROGRAM TRANSFORMATION

    SYSTEMS :

    i) Coccinelle

    ii) Stratego/XT

    iii) TXLiv) DMS

    v) ASF+SDF

    vi) Fermat

    vii) Spoon

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    REACTIVE SYSTEMS

    -A reactive system is a computer program thatcontinuously interacts with its environment.

    -Reactive systems, unlike the purely classical

    transformational systems, maintain a continuousinteraction with their environment, responding toexternal stimuli as a function of its internal state

    -Examples of reactive systems fall into twocategories: those which terminate with somefinal result but exhibit other characteristics ofreactive systems, and those which do not

    terminate.

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    System that continuously interacts with the environment,receiving stimuli and producing outputs in response.

    The order of events in the system is not predictable, is determined by

    external events.

    The execution(time) of reactive systems does not have to end

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    Reactive system most of the followingcharacteristics:

    nonterminating interactive interrupt-driven state-dependent environment-oriented parallel

    real-time

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    More about Reactive System..

    1) Partitioning of systems into informationsystems, control systems and telecommunicationsystems

    2 ) More informative partitioning:transformational versus reactive systems.

    3) Reactive systems respond to stimuli in orderto bring about desirable eects in theirenvironment.

    4) Reactive systems may do one or or of thesethings:

    - manipulate complex data,- engage in complex behavior,

    - communicate with many other systems.

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    Examples of reactive systems

    - information systems- worked flow systems- groupware- EDI systems

    - web market places- production control software- embedded software

    http://www.canary.co.nz/solutions/electronic-data-interchange/

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    E-D-I SYSTEMS

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    Embedded system

    An embedded systemis acomputer system with a dedicated functionwithin a larger mechanical orelectrical system, often with real-time

    computing constraints. It is embeddedas part of a complete device

    often including hardware and mechanicalparts.

    Embedded systemscontrol many devices incommon use today.

    Usually use in advance design electronic

    system

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    Reactive Systems: A Very

    Simple Model

    1) A reactive system generates a set of execut ion

    paths

    2) An execution path is a concatenation of the states

    (configurations) of the system, starting from some ini t ial

    state

    3) There is a t ransi t ion relat ionwhich specifies the

    next-staterelation, i.e., given a state what are the states

    that can follow that state

    We need an example

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    REACTIVE SYSTEMS AS AN I/O

    RELATION

    A program can be specied by giving

    the relation between its input and

    output. But how can we specify a

    reactive system, for example an

    interactive system that engages in a

    dialog?Basically in the same way:

    by giving a relation between inputandoutput.

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    A possible dialog is now:

    User System

    0 : 0

    1 : INCR

    2 : 1

    3 : INCR4 : 2

    5 : RESET

    6 : 0

    7 : RESET8 : RESET

    9 : INCR

    10 : 1

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    REACTIVE SYSTEMS AS A SET OF

    TRACES

    -If we form an event type consisting of the disjointsum of input events and output events, we canmerge the two event sequences into a single event

    sequence without loss of information.

    For the example, we get then:

    h(0; 0); (1; INCR); (2; 1); (3; INCR); (4; 2); (5; RESET); (6; 0); (7;RESET);

    (8; RESET); (9; INCR); (10; 1)i

    But now the sequence numbers are redundant! Omitting them,we get:

    h0; INCR; 1; INCR; 2; RESET; 0; RESET; RESET; INCR; 1i

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    TRANSFORMATIONAL VS

    REACTIVE SYSTEMSTransformational

    Systems can be classified as beingeither transformational or event-hased.

    In the transformational definition, a

    system is a function that receives one ormore system inputs I from an externalenvironment, transforms them withprocess T , and then releases them as

    system outputs O to an externalenvironment. This input-output (I/O)relationship can be expressedsymbolically as

    T(I) = O or T : I -----> O.

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    TRANSFORMATIONAL VS REACTIVE

    SYSTEMS

    Transformational systems

    get input;

    compute something;

    return result;

    Transformational view follows from the

    initial use of computers as advanced

    calculators: A component receives some

    input, does some calculation and then

    returns a result

    .Reactive systems

    while (true) {receive some input, send some

    output

    }

    Nowadays, the reactive system view seemsmore natural: components which

    continuously interact with each other and

    their environment without terminating

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    Differentiate between Transformational and

    Reactive System

    A transformational system generatesan output and then terminates.

    reactive systems does not have to end

    or no limit

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    Reactive Systems

    A reactive system is a system that, whenturned on, is able to create desiredeffects in its environment by enabling,enforcing, or preventing events in the

    environment. Reactive systems typically exist to

    collaborate or interact with some entity orentities in the environment (e.g., trafficcontrollers; process control). They neverhave all of their inputs ready -- rather, theinputs arrive in endless and perhaps

    unexpected sequences.

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    Transformational systems

    get input;{pre-condition}

    compute something;

    {post-condition} return result;

    Earlier work in verification uses the

    transformational view:

    halting problem

    Hoare logic

    pre and post-conditions

    partial vs. total correctness

    Reactive systems

    while (true) {

    receive some input,

    send some output

    }

    For reactive systems:

    termination is not the main issue

    pre and post-conditions are not

    enough

    dealing with concurrency is

    important

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    Reference

    https://www.isr.umd.edu/~austin/ence200.d/software.html

    http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/dcs/research/em/publications/mscbyresearch/mslade/files/a2.pdf

    http://booksite.elsevier.com/9781558607552/slides/slides.pdf

    http://thomasfeng.com/papers/fzv07scsc.pdf

    http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/Teaching/COMP424A/module1/comp424-lecture01.pdf

    http://doc.utwente.nl/37300/1/w412nxtreu2m8xvp.pdf

    http://www-verimag.imag.fr/~raymond/edu/eng/intro-mini-

    1x2 pdf

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