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* ASSEMBLED AND EDITED BY RAMCHANDRA ACHARYA IAAS,RAMPUR https://www.facebook.com/rrr.ac harya
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Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

May 18, 2015

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Page 1: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

* ASSEMBLED AND EDITED BY RAMCHANDRA ACHARYAIAAS,RAMPURhttps://www.facebook.com/rrr.acharya

Page 2: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

Traits of ECONOMIc IMPOrTANCe OF CATTLE

Ramchandra Acharya(IAAS)

Page 3: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

TRAITS OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCEIN DAIRY CATTLE

•Heritability & Repeatability estimates low

•Variation due to Environment

REPRODUCTION•60-

65% Heritable trait

•Selection improves performance

MILK & BUTTER FAT

•32% Heritable

PRODUCTIVE LIFE SPAN

•Size, Development of mammary glands, proper placement of Teat

TYPE AND CONFORMATION

Page 4: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

TRAITS OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCEIN BEEF CATTLE

•Environment and heredity play important role

REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY

•30-35% heritable, additive gene(less) Environment(more)

WEINING WEIGHT

•Very important traits, highly heritable

FEEDLOT GAIN

•Medium to high heritable

YEARLING WEIGHT

•25-35%Heritable

TYPE AND SIZE

•Should be free from

•Inherited as recessive trait

INHERITED DEFECT

•Heritability less known

LONGIVITY

Page 5: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

SCENARIONepal has diverse genetic material with high

variation providing a raw material for genetic progress

Twelve percent of are exotic (pure and cross bred) and the rest indigenous

The major components of livestock GDP are milk and milk products from cattle is 24.7%

At present, the total annual milk production of Nepal is just over one million tons ( 30% from cattle).

Page 6: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal
Page 7: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

Category Cattle

2000/01 6982660

2001/02 6978690

2002/03 6953584

2003/04 6966436

2004/05 6994463

2005/2006 6994463

2006/2007 7044279

2007/2008 7090714

2008/2009 7175198

2009/2010 7199260

2010/2011 7226050

2011/2012 7244944

2012/2013 7274022

Page 8: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

Most notably seven indigenous cattle breeds identified.

Most notably Seven indigenous cattle breeds identified.

Page 9: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

Pahadi Cattle

Siri cattle

Acchami cattle

Yak

Terai cattle

Khaila

Lulu

Page 10: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

NEPALESE LOCAL CATTLE

JERSEY

AVILABLE BREED IN NEPAL

HOLSTEIN

Page 11: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

BREED DISTRIBUTIONYAK

PAHADI

Siri

Acchami

LuLu\kirko

TERAI COW

Page 12: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal
Page 13: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

ACCHAMI CATTLE

Achham cattle (Bos indicus) are considered as rare breed of cattle and Smallest breed of

cattle in the world Achham cattle as being the smallest breed are

less than 1 meter in height at withers. They are suitable for hill conditions and low input system.

Body color varies from black to white i.e. black, brown, grey,white, spotted black and white.

Its temperament varies from docile to wild

Page 14: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

HIGH RESISTANCE TO MANY ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT DISEASE SUCH AS

H.S,B.Q,MASTITIS,ECTO AND ENDO PARASITE MAKES THIS BREED INVALUABLE

Page 15: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

Achhami Breed Should Be Taken As A National HeritageFrom The National Perspective.In Order To Preserve Achhami Cattle, Special And SeparateProgramme “Achhami Conservation Project” Should BeLaunched Which Helps For The Conservation Of ThisEndangered Species In Real Sense.

Page 16: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

SIRI CATTLE

•BLACK AND WHITE OR EXTENSIVE SOLID BLACK

COLOR•THICK•PROT

ECT THEM FROM HEAVY RAIN AND SEVERE COLD

COAT

•STRONG

LEGS

•WELL DEVELOPED

UDDER

Page 17: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

LULU CATTLE

•LESS

HUMP

•GOOD POTENTIAL FOR MILK PRODUCTION IN SARCE FEEDING RESOURCE

PRODUCTION

•SMALLER

•REQUIRED LESS AMOUNT OF FEED BUT PRODUCE MAXIMUM OF 2.5Lts/day

SIZE

Page 18: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

*IS CRITICALLY ENDANGERED BREED

(PRADHAN 1995)

PRODUCTIVITY COULD BE INCREASED IF THE FEEDING MANAGEMENT COULD BE IMPROVED

Page 19: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

KHAILA CATTLE

*WELL ADAPTED AND GRAZE ON SLOPES OF HILLS AND MOUNTAINS

UNDER THE THREAT OF EXTINCTION

WILD TEMERAMENT AND ARE DIFFICULT TO HANDLE

CONSIDER DUAL PURPOSE

Page 20: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

YAK*

LONG HAIRED,BUSHY TAILED,FLAT HEADED

WELL ADAPTED TO COLD AND HIGH ALTITUDE

EXCELLENT PACK AND RIDING ANIMAL

CROSS BREED ANIMAL BETWEEN YAK AND HILLY CATTLE: CHAURI

Page 21: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES AND PERFORMANCE OF NATIVE CATTLE

The native cattle are resistant to most of the tropical diseases

It has ability to better utilisation of coarse roughage It can withstand more heat and cold conditionsIt is adapted to thrive well in harsh conditionsIt can climb steep hills and mountains for grazingThe age of first calving ranges 32-52 months,The milk yield ranges 360-760 Lt/lactationThe lactation length is about 195-300 days

Page 22: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

EXOTIC BREEDS

Page 23: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

JERSEY HOLSTEINCOLOR

FAWN WITH OR WITHOUT RED,MAHOGANY,BROWN,WHITE MARKINGS OR COMBINATION WITH WHITE

GESTATION PERIOD 280 DAYS 280 DAYS

DSAVERAGE MILK YIELD(305days)

4000Lts 6150Lts

AGE AT 1ST CALVING(MONTHS)38 36

CHARACTERSCAPABLE OF UTILIZING ROUGHAGE LARGE FEEDING HABBITEFFICIENTLY,WITHSTAND HUMID CLIMATE LESS WITHSATND HUMID CLIMATE

FAT5.5% 3.5%

Page 24: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

BROWN SWISS

*

It is a famous multipurpose breed. Presently, the breed is raised at Livestock Development Farm,

Jiri. The bulls and frozen semen are used to upgrade the milk production potentiality of

native cows in high mountains.

Page 25: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

PRESENT CONDITION

• USED FOR DROUGHT PURPOSE AS THEY ARE HARDY IN NATURE

LOCAL MALE CATTLE

• USED FOR MILK AND MANURE PRODUCTIONLOCAL

FEMALE CATTLE

Page 26: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

RESION BEHIND LOW MILK PRODUCTION OF INDIGENOUS CATTLE

LOCAL BREED

BREEDING TECHNIQUE

FEED INGREDIENTS

GRAZING LAND ENCROACHMENT

HEALTH CARE

GENETIC

Page 27: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

PROBLEM AND CHALLENGES

•Siri cow is extinct and other are danger of extinction

LACK OF NATIONAL POLICY

•import of frozen semen of unnecessary breeds of animals

•Even identified breeds of animals are being bred with other breeds I.e loss of breed characters

NEGLIGENCE

•Lack of proper regulatory function

•Lack of awareness in the field level

INBREEDING

Page 28: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

LONG TERM BREEDING POLICYOF DEPARTMENT OF LIVESTOCK SERVICES

* IN TERAI, JERSEY AND HOLSTEIN BULL/ SEMEN TO UPGRADE THE NONDESCRIPT AND CROSS BREED UP TO

THE 75% BLOOD LEVEL

IN TERAI, HARIAN BULL SHOULD BE USED TO UPGRADE THE NATIVE COWS ONLY FOR DRAFT PURPOSE

IN HIGH HILLS&MOUNTAIN,JERSEY AND BROWNSWISS BULL SEMEN TO UPGRADE NON DESCRIPT COWS UPTO

75% BLOOD LEVEL

PRODUCTIVITY OF YAK,LULU,ACCHAME CATTLE WILL BE IMPROVED THROUGH GROUP BREEDING SCHEME TO

CONSERVE AND MAINTAIN THEIR POPULATION

BULL EXCHANGE PROGRAM BETWEEN USER GROUPS WILL BE FOLLOWED TO CHECK THE INBREESING.

Page 29: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY

ACCHAMI

• Should be dedicated in maintaining purity by line breeding

• At commercial level crossing with hill cattle can be practiced.

LULU,PAHADI,KHAILA,TERAI

• line breeding at germ plasm conservation center established at high mountain ( mustang), hills, mountain and terai region respectively

• grading up with jersey semen use by artificial insemination upto 75% blood level for lulu, pahadi and khaila and 87.25% blood level to terai breed.

YAK

• Pure-breeding is the predominant practice with yak.

• The aim should be to improve the breed for meat and hair.

Page 30: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

PRESENT RESEARCH ACTIVITY UNDER TAKEN BY NARC

SPECIES RESEARCH ACTIVITY LOCATION

Evaluation of productive performance of yak

Solukhumbu

Evaluation of dairy cattle herd for bull dam selection

Khumaltar,jiri

CATTLE AND YAK Identification and characterization of native cattle breed of Nepal

ABD

Study of hill cattle and their crossbreeds

Bovine research

Evaluation of farmers cattle herd

Kathmandu valley

Evaluation of Effectiveness of A.I in farmers field

Kathmandu valley, Chitwan

Page 31: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

Dairy Cattle & Buffalo Improvement Program (DCBIP)

Aim of the project is to produce high milk yielder Dam/cattle and Sire/bull of Nepalese Jersey and HF within the country.

For that bigger herd of cattle (more than 5 cows) were selected for the program. Monthly milk recording and milk analysis was done from the registered animals to find out the lactation yield and milk content of each individual animal.

The strategy behind this program is estimation of breeding value of each dam by pedigree and performance recording scheme

Page 32: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

BREEDING POLICY

50%from jersey

INCREASE OF 1600Lts MILK 50% from holstein

50% from Brownswiss

CROSS BREED OF NONDISCRIPT ZEBU CATTLE WITH

JERSEY,HOLSTEIN,BROWNSWISS

Result of bovine Research program

Page 33: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

ABOVE RESULT SHOWS THAT INDIGENOUS BREED OF NEPALESE CATTLE CAN BE IMPROVED BY USING IMPORTED SEMEN

Page 34: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

BREEDING TECHNIQUE

Page 35: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

GENERAL GUIDELINE ADOPTED BY DEPARTMENT OF LIVESTOCK SERVICES

*MID HILLS AND TERAI: JERSEY AND HOLSTEIN BULL SEMEN ARE USED FOR CROSSBREEDING

LOCAL COWS

HARIANA BULL IS USED FOR UPGRADING THE TERAI COWS FOR DRAFT PURPOSE

HIGH HILLS:BROWNSWISS BULL SEMEN TO UPGRADE THE LOCAL NONDESCRIPT COWS

Page 36: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

CONCLUSION The indigenous cattle population in various ecozones consists of Lulu,

Achami, Siri, Pahari, Khaila , Terai and Yak. They are hardy in nature, can resist disease etc.

However, the indigenous breeds are in danger of extinction due to in judicioususe of crossbreeding program and superiority of cross breed cattle compared to local breeds drawing attention towards keeping those cross bred animals. So, it is a prime necessity to preserve the genetic resource.

But, the productivity of local cattle are less as compared to exotic breeds so it makes necessity of employing appropriate breeding strategy for upgrading local breeds with exotic breeds suitable for local production environment.

Major exotic breeds (whose crosses are common) of cattle dominating in Nepal are Jersey and Holstein Friesian. So breeding plan should incorporate one of them.

Page 37: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

CONCLUSION…

Establishment of Suitable Breed of Jersey cow on the basis of suitability of Nepalese climate for milk production.

Jersey crossbreds (50 to 75%) are suitable for Nepalese conditions for higher milk production

Holstein-Friesian should be selected for high intensive management system

The native hill cattle blood level should not be lower than 25% to make effective use of resistant gene to parasites and diseases prevailing in the cattle farming system

Page 38: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

REFERENCES

• Newsletter of Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) Vol. 17 No.2 April- June, 2010

• Banerjee G.C(2011) A Text book of Animal Husbandry,8th edition

• www.animalbreeding-narc.gov.np• http://www.nlbc.gov.np• http://www.dls.gov.np• http://www.dolp.gov.np

Page 39: Traits of economic Importance of Cattle in Nepal

THANK YOU