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Page 1: TRAINING OF TRAINERS(TOT) SKILLS - Copy

TRAINING OF TRAINERS(TOT) SKILLS.

NAADS AASPs From Buliisa District.2013

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CONTENT.

• What is a training?• Aims and objective of

Carrying out Training.• Important questions to

remember here are.• Important aspects and

skills in a training session.

• Presentation.• Training Needs

Assessment.• Selection of Training

Content.• Training Techniques.• Tips on general

Management of a training programme.

• Training Programme Evaluation.

• Training Report.

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What is training?

• A training is “a planned process to modify attitude, knowledge or skills behavior through learning experience to achieve effective performance in an activity or range of activities” J.Kenny and M.R.Reid

• In brief: “A training is a development of skills that people will use in performing their jobs.”

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Aims and objectives of Training.

• To provide knowledge and skills for people to use in performing their jobs.

• To enable the participants (Trainees) acquire new specific skills and techniques of performing their job.

• To enable the participants cope with innovations and techniques required in performance of their jobs.

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Important questions to remember here are:

• What do I want the Farmers to know?• What I want the Farmers to remember?• What do I want them to be able to do?

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Important aspects and skills in a training session.

• A relaxed climate for participants should be established.

• Participants’ expectations should be clarified.• Training program objectives and schedule

should be made clear.• Norms of behavior (Ground rules may be set).

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Presentation:

• Official opening.• Introductions.• Expectations.• Goal and objectives.• Schedule.

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Training Needs Assessment.

• Number of participants.• Space requirement.• Equipment and supplies.• Type of seating /tables available.• Pens and pencils.• Nails.• Security of Training materials etc.

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Selection of Training Content.

• Having developed learning objectives based on needs assessment; there is need to develop an agenda appropriate to the time frame available.

• There is also selection of training materials appropriate for teaching.

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Steps 1:Developing an agenda.

1. How much do you have to cover the content?2. How will you break the content into its

component parts?3. Can you cover the parts in the available time?4. How much of it can be covered in one hour?5. What will have to be left out?

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Steps: Selecting Appropriate Materials.

• Its easier to use existing materials than develop your own.

• First check and see what materials already exist that you may use.

• Know about your participants e.g-What language do the speak and understand well?-How well do they read those language?-How do they like the materials to be presented e.g.

Pictures or graphics.

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Some questions to ask are:

• What materials would help them learn?• What materials would be useful as resource

materials?• Do the materials clearly define the terms ,do

they compare or contrast important points in the content and do they provide analogies to help the trainees learn?

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TRAINING TECHNIQUES.

• There are generally six training methods commonly used in training. The selection of these methods should depend on:

• The training content• Training materials available• The participants etc.

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Selecting Training Methods.

• Training content for a learning objective will determine the teaching approaches "Training Methods.”

• Training methods serves two important purposes:

-Provide a means to the learners ,to learn the specific training content you have outlined.

-They keep the learner interested and involved in the training so that learning is improved.

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TYPES OF TRAINING METHODS:

• There are a variety of training methods available .We shall focus on 9 mostly commonly used:

1. Case study.2. Group study.3. Role play4. Demonstrations

5.Lecture/exposure.6. Brainstorming.7.Reading8.Structured exercise.9. Trainer presentation.

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CASE STUDY

• This is a training technique where participants are given information about the situation and are directed to come to a decision or solution to a problem concerning the situation.

• The cases presented should be as close to reality as possible.

• The main uses of the case study method include.

-Problem identification and solving in atypical situation.

-Developing analytical skills.-Gaining confidence in decision

making.-Changing /modifying attitudes.-Promotion of team work.

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CASE STUDY.

Advantages• Provide concrete subjects

for discussion.• Provides active learner

involvement.• Stimulating performance

required after training.• Learning can be observed.• Participants’ experiences

can be brought into use and shared with others.

Disadvantages:• Information must be precise

and up to date.• Time consuming to produce• Difference between the

training situation and real world may not be recognized.

• Participants can become too interested in the case content and loose track of the critical issues.

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ROLE PLAY:

• This is where participants are interested with a situation ,which they are expected to explore by acting out the roles of those represented in this situation.

• The players should be carefully selected and should be properly prepared for their roles.

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ROLE PLAY:

Advantages:• It allows change /modifications of

attitude.• Development of interactive

knowledge and skills.• Enables people to see the

consequences of their actions on others.

• Can generate interest in the subject.

• Active participation is generated.• Provides a living example of the

situation being studied.

Disadvantages:• Role players learn more

than observers.• Observers may be passive

until the exercise is discussed.

• Success depends on the imagination of the players.

• Attitude change may be short lived.

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DEMOSTRATION:

• Demonstration is a presentation of a method for doing something by actual performance ;the trainer shows the learners what to do and how to do it.

• With his/her associated explanations ,the trainer indicates why ,when, where and how something is done. This is normally combined with other methods.

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DEMOSTRATION:

Advantages:• Aids understanding and

retention.• Stimulates the participants

interest.• Can give participants a

mode to follow.• Large groups can handled.• Easy to capture participants

attention.• Involves participants.

Disadvantages:• Must be accurate and

relevant to participants.• Written examples require

expertise and time to prepare.

• Trainers demonstration may be difficult for all learners to view.

• Requires ample time for preparation.

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BRAIN STORMING.

• This is where participants suggest ideas on a given issues, which are later discussed.

• The trainer normally engages the participants in a brain storming session by asking question to the participants.

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BRAINSTORMING:

Advantages:• Stimulation of interest on

the part of participants.• Active participation in the

learning process allows for enhancement and clarification of issues through discussion.

• Helps participants to learn from experience.

Disadvantages:• Participants can be easily

derailed.• Difficult to apply to a large

audience• Requires amlpe time.

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STRUCTURED EXERCISE:

• Learners take part in an exercise that enables them to practice new skills.

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STRUCURED EXERCISE:

Advantages:• Aids retention .• Allows practice of new skills

in a controlled environment.• Learners are actively

involved.

Disadvantages:• Requires preparation time.• May be difficult to tailor to

all learners’ situations.• Needs sufficient class time

for exercise completion and feed back.

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GROUP DISCUSSIONS:

• This is where participants discuss issues being trained in groups.

• This training technique enables learning to be derived from the participants rather than the trainers.

• It is very adequate when there is thorough knowledge of the subject by the participants.

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GROUP DISCUSSION:

Advantages:• Keeps participants

interested and involved.• Participants ‘

resourcefulness can be revealed and shared.

• Learning can be observed.• Participants’ activities can

be high and less dependant on the trainer.

Disadvantages:• Requires plenty of time.• Passive participatants may

not learn from the discussion if it is not well moderated.

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LECTURE/EXPOSITION:

• A lecture is a straight talk or exposition possibly using visual or other aids, but with out active group participation.

• A lecture is very appropriate where the trainer knows more the participants do and where the size of the population is large.

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LECTURE/EXPOSITION.

Advantages.• A large amount of materials

can be covered with in a limited time.

• One trainer can handle a large audience at the same time.

• Content and sequence are completely under control of the trainer .

• Ensures consistency of the information.

Disadvantages:• Does not allow for immediate

feedback from participants.• The attention of the participants

can be easily be destructed.• Lack of participants ‘activity ;

participants role passive.• Knowledge / information

imparted by talking is not easily memorable unless its followed up with amore practical technique.

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READING:

• Written material is used to present new information to learners.

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READING:

Advantages.• Saves time(Learner can read

faster than trainer can talk).• Materials can be retained

for later use.• Ensures consistency of

information.

Disadvantages:• Can be boring if used too

long without interruption.• Learners read at different

paces.• Difficult to gauge if people

are learning.

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TRAINER PRESENTATIONS:

• The trainer orally presents new information to learners.

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TRAINER PRESENTATIONS:

Advantages:• Keeps group together and

on the same point.• Time control is easier.• Useful for large group (25 or

more)

Disadvantages:• Can be dull if used too long

without learner participation.

• Difficult to gauge if people are learning.

• Recitation is limited.