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TQM Lecture

Mar 04, 2016

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TQM
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  • Basic Data Analysis:Descriptive Statistics

  • Planning for Data Analysis

    Outline for Data Analysis Plan

    1. Select appropriate software.

    2. Conduct preanalytical steps.

    3. Identify specific statistical procedures.

    4. Identify summary tables, graphs and outlines to organize results.

  • Analytical Plan

    Analytical Plan Driven by:

    1. Purpose/Objectives of Research

    exploratory

    descriptive/predictive

    causal

    2. Nature and Properties of the Technique Itself specification of the relationship

    the number of variables

    level of measurement

    assumptions of technique

  • Sample Windows and Menus in SPSS for Windows

  • Sample Windows and Menus in SPSS for Windows, continued

  • Pre-analytical Steps,

    Description, & Related Issues

  • Basic Analytical Framework for Business Research

  • Key Questions Pertaining to Planning the Pre-analytical and Analytical Processes

  • Types of Statistical Analyses Used in Marketing Research

    Data summarization: the process of describing a data matrix by computing a small number of measures that characterize the data set

  • Types of Statistical Analyses Used in Marketing Research

    Four functions of data summarization:

    Summarizes the data

    Applies understandable conceptualizations

    Communicates underlying patterns

    Generalizes sample findings to the population

  • Why is Statistical Analysis Used?

    Why Use Statistical Analysis?

    To summarize data

    The average price of a Gateway PC is $2,489

    The low is $999, and the high is $4,678: this is the range

    The mode is $2,200

  • Why is Statistical Analysis Used?

    Why Use Statistical Analysis?

    To show basic patterns in the data

    30% buys at $1,500 or less

    50% buys at between $2,500 and $1,500

    20% buys at $2,500 or more

  • Why is Statistical Analysis Used?

    Why Use Statistical Analysis?

    To interpret these patterns

    The majority of Gateway buyers pay $2,500 or less

  • Why is Statistical Analysis Used?

    Why Use Statistical Analysis?

    To generalize the patterns to the population

    95% of all Gateway buyers pay between $2,000 and $3,000 for their PCs

  • Types of Statistical Analyses Used in Marketing Research

    Statistical Analysis:

  • Types of Statistical Analyses Used in Marketing Research

    Five Types of Statistical Analysis:

    1. Descriptive analysis: used to describe the data set

    2. Inferential analysis: used to generate conclusions about the populations characteristics based on the sample data

  • Types of Statistical Analyses Used in Marketing Research3. Differences analysis: used to compare

    the mean of the responses of one group to that of another group

    4. Associative analysis: determines the strength and direction of relationships between two or more variables

  • Types of Statistical Analyses Used in Marketing Research5. Predictive analysis: allows one to

    make forecasts for future events

  • Understanding Data Via Descriptive Analysis

    Two sets of descriptive measures:

    Measures of central tendency: used to report a single piece of information that describes the most typical response to a question

    Measures of variability: used to reveal the typical difference between the values in a set of values

  • Understanding Data Via Descriptive Analysis

    Measures of Central Tendency:

    Mode: the value in a string of numbers that occurs most often

    Median: the value whose occurrence lies in the middle of a set of ordered values

    Mean: sometimes referred to as the arithmetic mean; the average value characterizing a set of numbers

  • Understanding Data Via Descriptive Analysis

    Measures of Variability:

    Frequency distribution reveals the number (percent) of occurrences of each number or set of numbers

    Range identifies the maximum and minimum values in a set of numbers

    Standard deviation indicates the degree of variation in a way that can be translated into a bell-shaped curve distribution

  • Understanding Data Via Descriptive Analysis

    Measures of Variability:

  • When to Use a Particular Statistic