Total Well Management Lynn Rowlan Beam Pumping Workshop Houston, Texas October 4 - 7, 2005.

Total Well Management Total Well Management

Lynn RowlanLynn Rowlan

Beam Pumping WorkshopHouston, Texas

October 4 - 7, 2005

Analysis STEPS to Apply the Concept of Analysis STEPS to Apply the Concept of

Modern Total Well Management:Modern Total Well Management:1.1. Analyze the well’s inflow performance to Analyze the well’s inflow performance to

determine if additional production is available.determine if additional production is available.2.2. Determine the overall efficiency to identify Determine the overall efficiency to identify

wells that are candidates for improvement.wells that are candidates for improvement.3.3. Analyze the performance of the pump.Analyze the performance of the pump.4.4. Analyze the performance of the down hole gas Analyze the performance of the down hole gas

separator.separator.5.5. Analyze mechanical loading of rods and Analyze mechanical loading of rods and

pumping unit.pumping unit.6.6. Analyze performance of prime mover.Analyze performance of prime mover.7.7. Design modifications to existing system.Design modifications to existing system.8.8. Implement changes and verify improvement.Implement changes and verify improvement.

LIQUIDLIQUID LEVEL EQUIPMENT USED LEVEL EQUIPMENT USED TO PERFORM ACOUSTIC TESTTO PERFORM ACOUSTIC TEST

ACOUSTIC SURVEYS ANSWER THE FOLLOWING ACOUSTIC SURVEYS ANSWER THE FOLLOWING WELL PERFORMANCE QUESTIONS:WELL PERFORMANCE QUESTIONS:1.1. What is the depth to the top of the liquid?What is the depth to the top of the liquid?

2.2. Does liquid exist above the pump? Does liquid exist above the pump?

3.3. Does the liquid in the casing annulus restrict production?Does the liquid in the casing annulus restrict production?

4.4. What is the maximum production rate available from the What is the maximum production rate available from the

well?well?

5.5. What is the casing-head pressure? Does it restrict What is the casing-head pressure? Does it restrict

production?production?

6.6. What is the percentage of liquid in the annular fluid What is the percentage of liquid in the annular fluid

column?column?

7.7. Is gas flowing up the annulus? At what rate?Is gas flowing up the annulus? At what rate?

8.8. What is the gas gravity?What is the gas gravity?

9.9. Are there any restrictions or anomalies in the annulusAre there any restrictions or anomalies in the annulus??

SINGLE and MULTI- SHOT SINGLE and MULTI- SHOT ACOUSTIC TESTSACOUSTIC TESTS

1.1. SINGLE SHOT ACOUSTIC TESTS DETERMINE THE SINGLE SHOT ACOUSTIC TESTS DETERMINE THE LIQUID LEVEL DEPTH , BOTOM HOLE PRESSURES LIQUID LEVEL DEPTH , BOTOM HOLE PRESSURES AND WELL INFLOW PERFORMANCE AND THE AND WELL INFLOW PERFORMANCE AND THE MAXIMUM PRODUCTION RATE.MAXIMUM PRODUCTION RATE.

2.2. MULTI-SHOT PRESSURE TRANSIENT TESTS MULTI-SHOT PRESSURE TRANSIENT TESTS DETERMINE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE DETERMINE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE FORMATION, SKIN DAMAGE AND RESERVOIR FORMATION, SKIN DAMAGE AND RESERVOIR PRESSURE.PRESSURE.

3.3. MULTI-SHOT ACOUSTIC LIQUID TRACKING TESTS MULTI-SHOT ACOUSTIC LIQUID TRACKING TESTS PERMIT LIQUID LEVEL TRACKING IN WORKOVER PERMIT LIQUID LEVEL TRACKING IN WORKOVER AND DRILLING OPERATIONS.AND DRILLING OPERATIONS.

Acoustic Time to Well Depth RelationshipAcoustic Time to Well Depth RelationshipAcoustic Time to Well Depth RelationshipAcoustic Time to Well Depth Relationship

1.1. TheThe DepthDepth from the gun from the gun to an anomaly in the to an anomaly in the casing annulus is directlycasing annulus is directly proportionalproportional to theto the time, time, RTTT,RTTT, for the acoustic for the acoustic pulse to travel from the pulse to travel from the gun down the casing to gun down the casing to the anomaly and reflect the anomaly and reflect back to the microphone.back to the microphone.

2. Microphone housed in the gas gun detects the blast from the shot and reflected sound from collars, liners, perforations, liquid level, plus other obstructions in the annulus.

LIQUID LEVEL ANALYSISLIQUID LEVEL ANALYSIS

Depth to Down-Hole Anomaly

LIQUID LEVEL ANALYSISLIQUID LEVEL ANALYSISAutomatically Count Collars to Liquid LevelAutomatically Count Collars to Liquid Level

Other Methods: Other Methods: Acoustic Velocity Acoustic Velocity Downhole MarkerDownhole Marker

LIQUID LEVEL ANALYSIS LIQUID LEVEL ANALYSIS

Measure Annular Gas Flow RatesMeasure Annular Gas Flow Rates 1.1. Test casing-Test casing-

pressure-buildup pressure-buildup by closing the by closing the casing valve while casing valve while the well pumps and the well pumps and gas flows for a gas flows for a short time into the short time into the annulus.annulus.

2.2. The rate at which The rate at which casing pressure casing pressure increases is increases is measured.measured.

3.3. Accurate annular Accurate annular gas flow rate & gas flow rate & %liquid can be %liquid can be determined from a determined from a casing pressure casing pressure buildup test.buildup test.

Measurement of small pressure changes require precision instrumentation.

11.5 BOPD Additional Production Available11.5 BOPD Additional Production Available

DYNAMOMETER TRANSDUCERSDYNAMOMETER TRANSDUCERSDetermine Position and LoadDetermine Position and Load

DYNAMOMETER SURVEYS ANSWER DYNAMOMETER SURVEYS ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:1.1. Is the well pumped off? Is the well pumped off?

2.2. What is the pump intake pressure? What is the pump intake pressure?

3.3. What is the pump fillage? And pump displacement?What is the pump fillage? And pump displacement?

4.4. What is the current pumping speed? What is the current pumping speed?

5.5. Are the traveling and/or standing valves leaking? Are the traveling and/or standing valves leaking?

6.6. Are the maximum and minimum rod loads within limits?Are the maximum and minimum rod loads within limits?

7.7. What is the polished rod and pump horsepower?What is the polished rod and pump horsepower?

8.8. Is the gearbox overloaded? Is the unit properly Is the gearbox overloaded? Is the unit properly balanced?balanced?

9.9. What movement of the counterweights will balance the What movement of the counterweights will balance the unit?unit?

10.10. Is the downhole gas separator operating effectively?Is the downhole gas separator operating effectively?

Dynamometer Analysis:Dynamometer Analysis: Dynamometer Analysis:Dynamometer Analysis: 1)1) Surface Dynamometer Surface Dynamometer

cards for designing and cards for designing and diagnosing surface diagnosing surface problems.problems. Rod StringRod String Pumping UnitPumping Unit Pump ProblemsPump Problems Excessive FrictionExcessive Friction

2)2) Pump card for analysis of Pump card for analysis of downhole problems.downhole problems. Unanchored TubingUnanchored Tubing Tubing LeakTubing Leak Pump ProblemsPump Problems Excessive FrictionExcessive Friction

Surface Card

Pump Card

Traveling Valve TestTraveling Valve Test

Traveling Valve Load TestTraveling Valve Load Test shows load loss during valve check due to shows load loss during valve check due to the diametric clearances (0.008” above) between the pump plunger and barrel.the diametric clearances (0.008” above) between the pump plunger and barrel.

Are Traveling And StandingAre Traveling And Standing Valve Load Tests OK? Valve Load Tests OK?

Well Starts up With Low Pump Fillage After Being Down Well Starts up With Low Pump Fillage After Being Down 10 Minutes Indicating A Poor Downhole Gas Separator10 Minutes Indicating A Poor Downhole Gas Separator

System Efficiency is 39% mainly due to a poor gas separatorSystem Efficiency is 39% mainly due to a poor gas separator

After gas Separator

System Efficiency increased from 39 % to 54%System Efficiency increased from 39 % to 54%

After Installation of a Good Gas Separator, Well Starts Pumping After Installation of a Good Gas Separator, Well Starts Pumping with Complete Pump Fillage After Being Down 10 Minuteswith Complete Pump Fillage After Being Down 10 Minutes

37 Full 37 Full Strokes Strokes

PumpedPumpedOffOff

Measurement of Instantaneous PowerMeasurement of Instantaneous PowerTWO CURRENT SENSORSTWO CURRENT SENSORS

THREE VOLTAGE SENSORSTHREE VOLTAGE SENSORS

MOTOR POWER SURVEYS ANSWER MOTOR POWER SURVEYS ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:1.1. What is the overall electrical efficiency of the pumping What is the overall electrical efficiency of the pumping

system?system?

2.2. Is the overall electrical efficiency above 50%?Is the overall electrical efficiency above 50%?

3.3. What is the power consumption, $/month, $/BBL, and What is the power consumption, $/month, $/BBL, and

power demand, KW?power demand, KW?

4.4. What is the motor current? Does the motor overheat?What is the motor current? Does the motor overheat?

5.5. Does the motor generate electricity at some time during Does the motor generate electricity at some time during

the stroke? Is credit allowed for generation?the stroke? Is credit allowed for generation?

6.6. Is the gearbox overloaded? Is the gearbox overloaded?

7.7. Is the pumping unit properly balanced? Is the pumping unit properly balanced?

8.8. What movement of counterweights required to balance What movement of counterweights required to balance

unit?unit?

OVERALL SYSTEM EFFICIENCYOVERALL SYSTEM EFFICIENCY

OVERALL SYSTEM EFFICIENCYOVERALL SYSTEM EFFICIENCY IS DEFINED IS DEFINED AS THE AMOUNT OF THEORETICAL WORK AS THE AMOUNT OF THEORETICAL WORK REQUIRED TO LIFT THE LIQUID FROM THE REQUIRED TO LIFT THE LIQUID FROM THE NET LIQUID LEVEL DEPTH TO THE NET LIQUID LEVEL DEPTH TO THE SURFACE DIVIDED BY THE AMOUNT OF SURFACE DIVIDED BY THE AMOUNT OF POWER SUPPLIED TO THE MOTORPOWER SUPPLIED TO THE MOTOR

RESERVOIR PERFORMANCE ANALYSISRESERVOIR PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

MOTOR INPUT POWER MEASUREMENTMOTOR INPUT POWER MEASUREMENT

Motor Power and Electrical Cost AnalysisMotor Power and Electrical Cost Analysis

PowerPowerCost $Cost $

System EfficiencySystem Efficiency

PRESSURE TRANSIENT SURVEYS ANSWER THE PRESSURE TRANSIENT SURVEYS ANSWER THE FOLLOWING WELL PERFORMANCE QUESTIONS:FOLLOWING WELL PERFORMANCE QUESTIONS:

1.1. What is the reservoir pressure?What is the reservoir pressure?

2.2. What is the producing bottomhole pressure?What is the producing bottomhole pressure?

3.3. What is the liquid/gas annular flow after the What is the liquid/gas annular flow after the

well is shut in? well is shut in?

4.4. Is there any wellbore damage? How much Is there any wellbore damage? How much

Skin? What's the Permeability?Skin? What's the Permeability?

5.5. Does the formation need treatment?Does the formation need treatment?

6.6. Is the well fractured?Is the well fractured?

PRESSURE TRANSIENT - HORNERPRESSURE TRANSIENT - HORNER

Buildup Test: Bottom Hole Pressure vs. TimeBuildup Test: Bottom Hole Pressure vs. TimeBuildup Test: Bottom Hole Pressure vs. TimeBuildup Test: Bottom Hole Pressure vs. Time

Original SBHP

estimate

Artificial Lift Analyst Function:Artificial Lift Analyst Function:1.1. Goal is to answer the WELL PERFORMANCE Goal is to answer the WELL PERFORMANCE

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

2.2. Time Requirement is about 45 minutes per well. Time Requirement is about 45 minutes per well.

3.3. Analyze collected data at the well. Analyze collected data at the well.

4.4. Make recommendations to fix any problems discovered. Make recommendations to fix any problems discovered.

5.5. Record work necessary to fix problem as notes in the Record work necessary to fix problem as notes in the comments text box. comments text box.

6.6. When recommended changes completed, new data When recommended changes completed, new data should be collected once the well stabilizedshould be collected once the well stabilized

7.7. Notice if well performance changed as planned.Notice if well performance changed as planned.

8.8. Follow-up on recommendations to learn from successes Follow-up on recommendations to learn from successes and failures and failures

9.9. Role changes from a data collector to a knowledgeable Role changes from a data collector to a knowledgeable well analyst and problem solver.well analyst and problem solver.

MODERN TOTAL WELL MODERN TOTAL WELL MANAGEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL MANAGEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL

LIFT WELLS PERMITS:LIFT WELLS PERMITS:

1.1. AN OPERATOR TO ANALYZE THE AN OPERATOR TO ANALYZE THE PERFORMANCE OF WELLS PERFORMANCE OF WELLS

2.2. IMPROVE OPERATIONS IMPROVE OPERATIONS

3.3. LESS TIME AND EFFORT EXPENDEDLESS TIME AND EFFORT EXPENDED

4.4. INCREASE OIL AND GAS INCREASE OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION PRODUCTION

5.5. REDUCE THE OPERATING EXPENSE.REDUCE THE OPERATING EXPENSE.

Questions ?Questions ?