Torok 2003 Romanian Wetland Inventory

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SCIENTIFIC ANNALS OF THE DANUBE DELTA INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, TULCEA – ROMANIA, 2002 161

30.

THE ROMANIAN WETLANDINVENTORY PROJECT

Zsolt TÖRÖK

"Danube Delta" National Institute for Research and Development165 Babadag street, Tulcea - 820112, ROMÂNIAE-mail: [email protected]

BSTRACT. The present work shows an overview on the results of the national wetland inventory project carried

out in Romania in 1997 – 2000 period. Using a standard file for wetland characterization there were gatheredrecent and historical data on the ecological, legal, adminstrative etc. status of several dozens of sites. The

available information was analysed in order to select those wetlands from Romania that are eligible for inclusion inthe List of Wetlands of International Importance. Based on the results of the analyses there have been selected 30wetlands of prior conservative interest, out of which 12 could fulfil the criteria for Wetlands of International Importance.

Key words: Wetlands, Potential Ramsar Sites, Standard Files For Wetland Characterization, Romania.

INTRODUCTION

In 1996 the Romanian Ministry of Waters, Forests and Environment Protection launched the NationalStrategy for Conservation of Biodiversity prepared with the financial support of the Global EnvironmentalFacility. The chapter on wetland conservation was compiled by the Danube Delta National Institute forResearch and Development (DDNIRD). One of the objectives of the respective strategy was: Conservation

of Romanian ecosystems and habitats by creating a national network of protected areas .

In order to achieve some of the wetland-related objectives of the above mentioned strategy DDNIRD hasdeveloped the first national inventory of the Romanian wetlands, with the financial support of the Ministry ofWaters, Forests and Environment Protection (research project No. B1/1997, then No. A15 / 1998-2000) and ofthe Ramsar Small Grant Fund for Wetland Conservation and Wise Use (project code SGF97/Ro).

The present work provides a general overview on the results of the studies carried out in 1997 – 2000 periodin the frame of the national wetland inventory project, representing a summary of the narrative part of thefinal report of the project entitled “ Study of Romanian wetlands in preparation for new Ramsar sites ”(financially supported by the Ramsar Convention Bureau).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The investigations, carried out in the 1997 – 2000, included the assessment of the actual status of wetlandscurrently existing in the whole country. For the detailed description of the target sites there have been used astandard file for wetland characterisation, which was based on the Ramsar Information Sheet and completed withseveral supplementary specific aspects that were supposed to be useful in site-evaluation process. Thesestandard sheets were completed with the most recent available data on the studied wetlands. Also, relevanthistorical data were also taken into account during the analyses.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

In the development period of the projects, central authorities dealing with environmental issues were usuallyand officially dealing with 492 protected areas with a total surface of 1,140,390 ha (representing 4.8% of thenational territory). The list included 153 wetlands of various types. In some publications were listed

586 protected areas in Romania [7]. Recently after the ending of the projects there has been publishedAct 5 / 2000 which states that there are 827 areas protected on national level [10]. Till 2000, there was only

A




one Romanian wetland included in the Ramsar List: the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (DDBR), whichhas 580,000 ha. This area includes the predeltaic wetlands, the Danube Delta and the Razim-Sinoelagoonary system. At the beginning of 2000 DDBR was the only protected area with administrative authorityand an official and implemented management plan).

The studies prepared for the National Strategy for Conservation of Biodiversity have shown that huge areasfrom Romania are covered by wetlands, as follows:

Main types of wetlands Total surface covered by each type

Natural lakes 132,730 ha

Artificial inland waterbodies (fishponds, etc.) 142,182 ha

Open waters of channels, rivers, etc. 199,100 ha

Floodplains 2,438,200 haDanube Delta Biosphere Reserve 580,000 ha

TOTAL surface covered by wetlands 3,492,212 ha

In the first phase of the national project there has been designed the standard file for wetlandcharacterization (Annex 1). This document was distributed to the entities involved in the project and

various specialists from all over the country have provided the required data in the same format.

Based on the field investigations, reports prepared by various governmental bodies, non-governmentalentities and other supplementary information we have completed the list of the most important wetlands ofRomania. Table 1 shows the list of the selected wetlands.

Table 30-1The list of the most notable wetlands of Romania (in alphabetical order)

No Name of the site Part of Romania County Type

1. Bistret Lake area southern Dolj2. Bugeac-Baciu area south-eastern Constanta3. Calarasi area southern Calarasi4. Cefa fishponds western Bihor PRS

5. Cipau-Iernut area central Mures6. Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve eastern Tulcea RS7. Fizes valley central Cluj8. Ier valley western Bihor9. Insula Mica a Brailei eastern Braila PRS10. Iron Gates area south-western Caras-Severin PRS11. Jijila-Măcin area south-eastern Tulcea PRS12. Lacul Rosu eastern Neamt PRS13. Lower Buzau area eastern Braila and Buzau14. Lower Mures area western Arad PRS15. Lower Prut area eastern Galati and Vaslui PRS16. Mohos-Sfanta Ana area central Harghita PRS17. Plopeni Lake south-eastern Constanta18. Poiana Stampei area central Suceava19. Prejmer swamp central Brasov20. Reci swamp central Covasna21. Sar river valley central Mures22. Sarat-Slatina lakes eastern Tulcea23. Stanca-Costesti Lake eastern Botosani24. Techirghiol Lake south-eastern Constanta PRS25. Tur area north-western Satu Mare26. Upper Tisa area north-western Maramures PRS27. Valsan river central Arges28. Vladeni area north-eastern Iasi PRS29. Voslobeni swamps central Harghita

30. Zau de Campie lake central MuresAbbreviations. PRS = Potential Rasmar Site; RS = Ramsar Site.




SOME OF THE MOST NOTABLE ROMANIAN WETLANDS LOCATED OUTSIDE OFTHE DANUBE DELTA BIOSPHERE RESERVE

In the next pages there brief data on some of those wetlands which were selected in order to decide uponthe opportunity to propose them for inclusion into the List of Wetlands of International Importance.

Cefa fishponds. The fishponds from Cefa are placed close to the Romanian-Hungarian border. Specialistsinvolved in the wetland inventory project identified 125 species of birds living in the area [8]. In the vicinity ofthe fishponds there is one of the last mixed colonies of Grey Herons, Little Egret and Night Herons. In 1998at about 300 nests (of the three species) were identified in the respective forest [8]. Being in transboudaryarea, species nesting at Biharugra fishponds (Hungarian part of the lake system) are feeding at Cefa fishponds.

Vladeni area. The lakes from Vladeni area are the most important resting places on the Eastern Romanianmigratory route of the birds. Recent investigations have shown the presence of 130 species of birds inVladeni area, out of which 50 are vulnerable species on European level and 7 species are endangered on globallevel [8]. The lakes are wintering places for several aquatic birds, like greylag (2,000 specimens), whitefront(2,200 specimens), teal (1,800 specimens), mallard (1,500 specimens) etc.

Techirghiol Lake. Techirghiol Lake is a very saline lake, placed in the close vicinity of the Black Sea shore.Few species are nesting at the lake, but many rare and endangered birds are wintering in this area:White-headed Duck ( 75 - 150 specimens ), Red-breasted Goose (1,000 - 4,000 of specimens), LesserWhitefront (few hundred specimens), etc. During the winter, big flocks of Whitefront (20,000 specimens) areusually present at the lake.

Jijila-Măcin area. In this area there are Jijila Lake, Sarat Lake and Slatina Lake which are key sites on themain Eastern-European migrating route. This area is crossed practically by all birds flying along the Prut riverand the lower Danube.

Plopu-Beibugeac Lake. Plopu-Beibugeac Lake is in the close vicinity of the Danube Delta, being one of the mostimportant wintering sites of various geese : Whitefront ( 15,000 specimens ) and Red-breasted Goose(600 - 1,000 specimens).

Insula Mica a Brăilei. Insula Mica a Brăilei is the biggest natural floodplain of the Lower Danube area,which was not converted to agricultural or forestry polder.

Iron Gates area. This region includes several small islands, gorges and Nera swamp. Because its peculiarflora and fauna, its representativeness and uniqueness the Iron Gates area is one of the important siteswhich should be included in the Ramsar List.

Lower Prut area. Lower Prut area stretches along the Romanian - Moldavian border, representing theremnant part of the former floodplain of Prut river. In this 110 km long area of about 8250 ha, there havebeen identified 230 species of birds [5]. This area is one of the key sites for migrating birds, which follow thePrut river line during autumn and spring.

Upper Tisa area. The Romanian floodplain of Tisa river is part of a proposed, transboundary Ramsar Sites,which also includes wetlands from Ukraine, Slovakia and Hungary. The Upper Tisa area has a typicalcentral-European flora and fauna, adapted to ecological conditions occurring in mountains and hilly areas [9].

Lacul Rosu. Lacul Rosu is the most renowned lake behind natural barrage from Romania. One of thestriking features of the lake is the presence of vertical logs (former trees) in the water (unique in Romania,and eastern Europe, too). Being in a remote and relatively isolated region, the lake has undisturbed flora andfauna.

Mohos-Sfânta Ana area. This potential Ramsar Sites comprises Mohoş Swamp and Sfânta Ana Lake.Mohoş Swamp is a typical oligotrophic system, representing a refuge area for various highly stenobioticspecies (adapted to very specific ecological conditions and supporting very limited variations of theenvironmental factors). Sfânta Ana Lake is the biggest Romanian lake of volcanic origin, being a typical lake

for the Eastern Carpathians.




Lower Mures area. Lower Mures area includes a seasonally flooded forests, temporary and permanentponds and pools. The total surface of the area if about 2,500 ha. This site has good ecological status,providing proper conditions for at least 45 species of birds, most of them nesting in this area. Lower Muresarea represents a typical central-European floodplain forests.

OVERVIEW ON THE MAIN WETLAND-CATEGORIES OCCURRING IN ROMANIA

Oligotrophic marshes

Distribution. Oligotrophic marshes are distributed in the upper areas of the mountains, at the level ofbeech forests and coniferous forests. In Romania there were identified about 200 oligotrophic marshes(See Figure 30-1). They cover a total surface of 1,800 ha. The most important regions with oligotrophicmarshes are: Dorna river basin (the biggest number of oligotrophic marshes of Romania), Lucina-FundulMoldovei basin (some isolated marshes in hilly ares), Oaş-Maramureş region (typical North-Carpathianoligotrophic marshes), Călimani Mountains (marshes in various stages of evolution from oligotrophy toeutrophy), Harghita-Ciucului Mountains (the biggest oligotrophic marshes from Transilvania), Şandru MareMountains (isolated groups of oligotrophic marshes on rocks of Neozoic age), upper basin of Sebeş river (thebiggest and most typical oligotrophic marshes of the Southern Carpathians ), Semenic Mountain (area with6 marshes without the typical oligotrophic flora elements), Some

şul Cald region (several marshes on the

lower parts of the coniferous forest belt), Someşul Rece region (marshes occurring on the highest altitudes inRomania) [6].

Conservative value. Romania has the southernmost typical oligotrophic marshes from Europe (those fromthe Balkans are not typical ones). This sites represent refuges for many species of plants which have theirsouthern limit of general distribution in Romania. Some of the most notable species are: Sphagnumwulfianum, Thuidium lanatum, Paludella squarrosa, Betula nana etc. Beyond these, there are many relictspecies of the glacial period, as Dinocharis intermedia, Elosa woralli, Lecane ploenensis etc. [6].

Ecological status. Most of the oligotrophic marshes maintained their former ecological status. Some of thesites are heavily impacted by peat-exploitation, as in case of Poiana Stampei (site located in Dorna riverbasin). [6].

Eutrophic marshes

Distribution. Eutrophic marshes occur in natural depressions of mountain and hilly regions. In Romaniathere were identified more than 200 eutrophic marshes (See Figure 30-2). They cover a total surface ofabout 5,200 ha. The most important regions with eutrophic marshes are [6]:- Ciuc region : the widest and most exploited marshes of Romania;- Gheorgheni region : many marshes heavily impacted by human activities;- Covasna region : marshes occurring along the Negru river;- Bârsei region : wide marshes with diverse flora;- F ăg ăra ş region : marshes, mostly without peat, occurring along the Olt river

b). Conservative value. The Romanian eutrophic marshes occurring in the mountain areas represent [6]:- southernmost limit of the area of distribution of many plant species, as: Meesea hexasticha, Paludellasquarrosa, Betula humilis, Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum etc.

- southernmost limit of the European distribution of some species, as: Calamagrostis neglecta, Saxifragahirculus, Spirea salicifolia, Cnidium dubium etc.

There are also endemic species inhabiting this marshes, as Armeria alpina and Ribes heteromorphum .

c). Ecological status. Most of the eutrophic marshes are heavily impacted by human activities. Peat-exploitation affects mostly the sites from mountain areas. Drainage of the marshes in order to createagricultural fields was a common practice in the last two hundred years. The most striking example is that ofEcedea Marsh. The site, located in the lower basin of Crasna river, was of about 30,000 ha, being thebiggest Romanian eutrophic marsh. This area was totally drained at the end of the XIXth century [6].




Figure 30-1. Distribution of oligotrophic marshes in Romania.(Adapted map to Pop E., 1955: Mla ştinile noastre de turb ă şi problema ocrotirii lor , Ocrot. Nat., vol. 1, pp. 57-105)

Figure 30-2. Distribution of eutrophic marshes in Romania.(Adapted map to Pop E., 1955: Mla ştinile noastre de turb ă şi problema ocrotirii lor , Ocrot. Nat., vol. 1, pp. 57-105)




Open stagnant waters

This category includes natural and artificial lakes (reservoirs, fishponds etc.). The total surface of this typesof wetlands is about 275,000 ha [4].

Natural lakes have a total surface of about 133,000 ha [3]. As origin, these lakes were included in severalcategories, depending on what natural processes were responsible for their establishment: fluviatile erosion,

marine abrasion, land-slide, earth fall, dissolution of easily-soluble rocks, suffusion and setting, eolianaccumulation, glacial and nival erosion and accumulation etc. [1].

The artificial lakes have various functions. The total surface covered by this type of wetlands is 142,000 ha [2].The fishponds cover about 12,700 ha. Reservoirs of hydroenergetical interest cover 86,500 ha. Waterbodieswith more than one function (drinking water and industrial water supplies, water for agricultural fields) have atotal surface of 42,000 ha. Almost 600 ha are covered by artificial waterbodies which have other functions [2].

Distribution. Natural lakes of the Danube Delta and the lakes placed in the close vicinity of the Danube rivercover a surface of about 111,000 ha. The rest is represented by lakes of the Romanian Plain and onlyrelatively small surface is covered by natural lakes in mountain or hilly areas. The biggest artificial lakes ofRomania are those at the Iron Gates 1 (10,000 ha) and Iron Gates 2 (40,000 ha). The biggest number ofartificial lakes occur in the hydrographic basins of Olt, Prut and Siret rivers. For example, Olt river has

25 lakes along its course, only, not to mention those along its tributary rivers.

Conservative value, ecological status. Natural lakes have certain conservative value as breeding areas(invertebrates, vertebrates), refugees for many plant and animal species. Although some of the reservoirsand fishponds are wintering sites of many thousands of birds, these artificial systems broke up the naturalwatercourses, replacing the running systems with stagnant (lentic) ones. Practically all the lakes are affectedby eutrophication, most of the artificial lakes by intense siltation too.

Running waters and floodplains

Romanian running waters have a total length of 78,905 km [4]. The total surface of the open running waters,channels, canals is 199,100 ha, almost 30% belonging to the Danube and its neighboring systems (68,100 ha ofopen waters).

The river basins cover a total surface of 23,750,000 ha [4]. Most of the rivers drain the waters into theDanube. The main hydrological basin belongs to Siret river (4,289,000 ha). Only 548,000 ha belong to thosesmall rivers from the southeastern part of the country which have direct contact with marine waters or theRazim-Sinoe lagoonary complex [4].

The I grade catchment area or the Danube has 3,325,000 ha, including the Danube Delta and those riverislands which were converted to agricultural polders (as Insula Mare a Brailei, Insula Mare a Ialomiţei etc.) [4].

River sections and floodplains which are potential Ramsar Sites. There are only few sectors of the mainRomanian rivers with the ecological status close to the natural one. The respective areas are eligible forinclusion in the List of Wetlands of International Importance. These sites are: the Upper Tisa area (3,710 ha),the Lower Mureş area (2,500 ha), the Iron Gates area (part of the Iron Gates National Park of 115,656 ha),

Insula Mică a Brăilei (17,529 ha) and the Lower Prut area (about 8,250 ha).

The Lower Danube Green Corridor. This formal system includes 36 sites of various dimensions. The totalsurface of the areas is 888,879 ha and includes three types of sites:a) Protected areas (total surface: 713,485 ha);b) Areas proposed to be protected (total surface: 22,427 ha);c) Areas proposed for ecological reconstruction (total surface: 162,000 ha).There have already been taken measures to gather actual data on the sites which will be included in thisecological network, most of the areas being in transboundary regions.

FINAL NOTE

Some of the above presented information have been modified after 2000 due to data resulted from more

recent investigations carried out since the finish of the national wetland inventory project. The reason forpublishing the present paper is to provide for the public a short the summary of one of those documents




which were used as scientific background in the early 2000s for designing more detailed studies focused onnational and international wetland-issues and on achieving specific, wetland-related objectives of theRomanian governmental strategy for biodiversity conservation.

REFERENCES

1. Gâştescu P., 1971, Lacurile din România , Edit. Academiei R.S.R., Bucureşti, pp 1 – 372.

2. Gâştescu P., 1996, Principalele lacuri de acumulare din România pe categorii de folosin ţă (manuscris). “Raportpentru Secţiunea Zone Umede a Strategiei Naţionale de Conservarea Biodiversităţii”, Bucureşti, pp. 511 - 528.

3. Gâştescu P., 1996, Principalele lacuri naturale din România (manuscris). “Raport pentru Secţiunea Zone Umede aStrategiei Naţionale de Conservarea Biodiversităţii”, Bucureşti, pp. 503 - 507.

4. Gâştescu P., 1996, Repartizarea pe bazine hidrografice de ordinul 1 a suprafe ţ elor acoperite cu lucii de ap ă şi lunci (manuscris). “Raport pentru Secţiunea Zone Umede a Strategiei Naţionale de Conservarea Biodiversităţii”.Bucureşti, page 1.

5. Glăvan T., 1999, Lunca Prutului Inferior (jude ţ ul Gala ţ i), “Raport final contract individual de prestări servicii încheiatcu I.N.C.D.D.D.”, Galaţi, p. 36.

6. Pop E., 1955, Mla ştinile noastre de turb ă şi problema ocrotirii lor , “Ocrot. nat.”., vol. 1, Bucureşti, pp. 57 - 105.7. Toniuc N., Oltean M., Romanca G., Zamfir M., 1992, List of protected areas in Romania (1932-1991). “Octor. nat.

med. înconj.”, t. 36, nr. 1, Bucureşti, pp. 23 – 33.8. ***, 1998, Studiul ornitofaunistic al unor zone umede din România pentru a fi propuse noi situri Ramsar , “Raport final

contract de cercetare-dezvoltare” (executant: Societatea Ornitologică Română; beneficiar: Institutul Naţional de

Cercetare-Dezvoltare Delta Dunării). Cluj.9. ***, 1999, The Upper Tisa Valley (eds. Hamar J. and Sarkany-Kiss A.). “TISCIA” monograph series, Szeged, pp. 1–502.10. ***, 2000, Legea nr. 5 din 6 martie 2000 privind aprobarea Planului de amenajare a teritoriului na ţ ional – Sec ţ iunea a III-

a – zone protejate , “Monitorul Oficial”, nr. 152. Bucureşti.




APPENDIX 30-1.

STANDARD FILE FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF ROMANIAN WETLANDS- Short version -

1. Date: Subject Years/Months/Days

Field investigationsDate of completion of the present file

2. Data on the person who completed the standard file:Name: ............................................................. ; First name: .....................................................Organization, institute: ...............................................................................................................County: .................... Locality: ................................. Address ...................................................Tel.: .............................; Fax: .……………………. e-mail: ............................................................

3. Name of wetland: .............................................................................................................

4. Name of county (counties) where the wetlands is situated: ............................... .

5. Topographical data: name of locality of which administrative territory includes the wetland (in parentheses the name ofthe county; distance between the wetland and the locality, in km; direction from locality - N, S, E, W, etc.):.................................... (...................; ..... - km; ...........)

6. Geographical coordinates of the wetland:

Northern limit Southern limit Eastern limit Western limit Central point

Coordinates

.....o .....' ...." .....

o .....' ...." .....

o .....' ...." .....

o .....' ...." .....

o .....' ...." N

.....o .....' ...." E

7. Hidrographical and geomorfological unit to which the wetland belongs (in parentheses the % of the wetland whichbelong to the respective unit):

Hidrographical unit: ................................... (..... %), ................................... (....... %).Geomorphological unit: .............................. (..... %), .................................. (........ %).

8. Altitude of the analysed area (in m above sea level). Min.: ..........; Max.: ........ Average: .........

9. Habitat type to which the wetland belongs: ................................................... (details at end of file)

10. Dimensions of the wetland:Total surface of the wetland: ........... ha; out of which % belong to : ..........; ........... (administrators)Open waters (stagnant waters): ............... ha; out of which % belong to: ........... (administrators)Length of water-courses (running waters): ......... km; out of which % belong to: .......... (admin.)

11. Hydrological characteristics of the wetland (details on codes D, I, N, P, T, S at the end of File) Presence of water in aquatic systems (tick the proper rectangle):a). permanent waters b). temporary waters

c). basin which could dry once in several years: Type, importance and periodicity of input of water (tick the proper rectangle):

Type of input D. I. N. P. T. S.rainfall: spring from the shore: underwater springs: watercourses (rivers): water from flooding:

Type, importance and periodicity of output of water (tick the proper rectangle):Type of output D. I. N. P. T. S.

watercourses underground infiltration: evaporation: used by organisms: used by man:




Importance of periodical phenomena in case of aquatic systems (tick the proper rectangle):Type D. I. N. P. T. S.

Variation of water-level: Drying:

Water quality: .....................................................................................................................................Average water-depth: ...... m; Max. water-depth: ..........m; Average multiannual water-temperature. ......Time of retention of water inside the aquatic system: ............................................................................

12. Hydrological value of the wetland (tick the proper rectangle):a). supply for underground water b). control of flooding

c). accumulation of sediments d). stabilization of shoreline

13. Water chemistry (detailed characterization: oxygen content, pH, nutrients, pollutants, etc.)

14. Origin of wetland: natural or artificial

15. Climate of the area:Average, multiannual temperature: ...............Minimal temperature (absolute values): ...........; Maximal temperature (absolute values): .........Average temperature during winter: .............; Average temperature during summer: ......…....Average rainfall (multiannual average): .........; No. of days with temperatures below O

OC: .......

Date of first frost: .........................

16. Geomorphological description of the wetland (text)

17. Geology of the area (tick the proper rectangle): Type of substratum:

a). magmatitic of granite type b). magmatitic of basalt type c). magmatitic of andezite type d). other magmatitic type (riolit, dacit, etc.) e). metamorphic rocks of calcareous type f). metamorphic rocks of dolomitic type

g). metamorphic rocks of other type(amfibolites, gneiss, conglomerate, etc)

h). rocks from sedimentation (loess, fluviatile,lacustrine, glacial deposits etc.)

i). other types of rocks

18. Pedology of the wetland: (text describing the types of soils)

19. Global ecological characteristics of the wetland (if possible, provide a map of 1:25,000 scale):Detailed characterization of:- main habitats occurring in the wetland (details at the end of Standard File);- importance of habitats for local plants or animals (aquatic birds, shoreline birds, amphibians etc.);- ecological status of the habitats;- main types of vegetation and their characteristics (reeds, shoreline vegetation, forest patches, etc.);- importance of substratum (mud, sand, rocky substratum, etc.);- comparative analysis of the ecological status of the habitats (in past and in present).

20. Biocoenotical characteristics of wetland: (if possible, provide a map of 1:25,000 scale) Detailed analysis of communities of wild plants and/or animals. For example:- present status of fish communities;- present status of aquatic bird communities;- present status of bird communities living in the forests;

- comparative analysis of the past and present status of the communities of plants and/or animals.

21. Type of ownership (if possible, provide a map of 1:25,000 scale)Type of property Surface (ha) % of total wetland No. of owners

State

Local authority

ChurchPrivate persons

Mixed property

International waters

Other type of ownership

TOTAL




22. Administration of the wetland (if possible, provide a map of 1:25,000 scale):Administrator Surface (ha) % of wetland No. of administrators

Private person

Industrial exploitation unit

Agricultural exploitation unit

Forestry companyFishing company

Transportation company

Touristical company

Educational instituteChurch

Local administration

State administration

Army

Hunting and fishing societyNGO

Other type of administration

23. Use of wetland (for details on codes -D, I, N, P, T, S- see EXPLANATIONS at the end of File):This chapter contains data on the type of exploitation. If possible the areas of different exploitation will be quantified,mentioning the % of the area. In case of qualitative data, tick the proper rectangle:

Observation: Type of land-use D. I. N. P. T. S.

1. abandoned lands 2. intensive agriculture (general)

a) grazing b) pisciculture c) animal stocks (cattle, ship, etc.) d) hunting in managed areas e) wood exploitation f) water for irrigation g) agricultural land h) flooded polders

3. extensive agriculture (general) a) pisciculture in natural waters b) reed exploitation c) extensive zootechny d) hunting in natural areas

4. drinking water 5. water for industrial use 6. water for medical purposes (balneology) 7. industrial exploitation of the land 8. electric powerplant 9. waste waters 10. waste materials

a) industrial waste

b) waste materials from localities 11. transportation 12. tourism

a) public swimming pool, etc. b) training area (sports) c) sport fishing d) land for cultural-educational purposes d) "green" tourism

13. nature conservation a) water level control b) control of wild animals c) improvement of water quality

14. human settlement 15. land for military purposes 16. site of religious importance 17. archaeological site




24. Global status of the wetland: (details on the used codes at the end of Standard File )General status of the area D. I. N.

a. Natural zone b. Zone whit almost natural status c. Zone managed by man d. Zone of c. type, in the present without human interventions

e. Zone resulted from and maintained by management practices f. Zone resulted from but not maintained by management practices g. Ecologically reconstructed areas

25. Status of the wetland from the point of view of degradation (details on codes at the end of File ) Status of surfaces belonging to the wetland D. I. N.

Undegraded areas Slightly degraded areas Moderately degraded areas Heavily degraded areas

26. Threatening factors in the area: (details on the used codes at the end of Standard File ) Areas threatened by D. I. N.

abandoning of land

grazing over-grazing burning of vegetation intensive agriculture use of chemical (agriculture) excessive agricultural practice excessive control of pests irrigation pisciculture fishing (generally) introduced indigenous species introduced alien species dams, hidrotechnical building

Areas threatened by D. I. N.dragging

underground water input flooding forestry forest plantation grazing in forest hunting poaching excessive collection of biological materials(specimens, eggs, etc.) habitat destruction (generally) industrial exploitation urbanization excessive tourism

27. Legal status of the wetland (circle the proper answer):1. unprotected2. core area of a Biosphere Reserve3. buffer area of a Biosphere Reserve4. economic area of a Biosphere Reserve5. included in a National Park6. botanical scientific reserve

7. zoological scientific reserve8. geological scientific reserve9. paleontological scientific reserve10. mixed scientific reserve11. other type of reserve area: ............

28. Management plan of the area: existing, but not implemented management plan: Yes / Noexisting and implemented management plan: Yes / Nomanagement plan in preparation: Yes / Nothere is an official proposal for protection of the area: Yes / No

29. Body responsible for enforcing the environmental legislation in the area: (name and address)

30. Administrative authority responsible for the wetland: (name and address authority):

31. Present ecological education in the area: there is educational center in the wetland: Yes / Nothere are watching towers in the area: Yes / Nothere are publications, brochures focused on the area: Yes / Nothere area facilities for pupils visiting the area: Yes / Nofrecvency of visitors: ..................……………; total number of visitors/year: ..................

32. Current scientific research (tick the proper rectangle): Scientific researches: existing (please give details); not existing

33. Bibliographical references: (provide name of author; title, publication year; review/volume; etc.)




34. List of plant/animal species from the wetland:

No. Species,ssp., var.

form

Type ofhabitat

Relativeabun-dance

No. ofspeci-mens

Level oflocal

threatening

Presenceon local

level

Long-term

dynamic

Uniqueness

Obs.

1

2Etc.

Relative abundance is coded by: C = common taxa; RC = relatively common taxa; R = rare taxa; FR =very rare taxa; SP = taxa which occur sporadicallyPresence on local level is coded by: s = permanently present taxa; mi = migratory taxa (nesting in thewetland); ia = taxa wintering in the area; pm = partially migrating taxa; pa = taxa migrating through thewetland (occurring only in spring and autumn); er = erratic taxa (occurring occasionally)Long-term dynamic of the taxa is coded by: cr = taxa with increasing population; de = taxa withdecreasing population; ex = taxa extinct from the area; fl = taxa with fluctuating populations

EXPLANATIONS: Terms used in the Standard File for characterization of Romanian Wetlands

Abbreviations:D. the phenomenon/type has dominant character in the wetland;I. the phenomenon/type has big influence in the wetland;N. the phenomenon/type has little influence in the wetland;P. the phenomenon/type has permanent character in the wetland;T. the phenomenon/type has temporary character in the wetland;S. the phenomenon/type occurs only sporadically in the wetland.

Section 9 (Types of wetlands ) will be completed with name of the types listed below. In case of doubt,types from "Major habitat type" will be used.

Major habitat type Special type of habitatWet meadows

Marine waters

Marine coastal areas 1 – sandy marine coastal areas; 2 – rocky marine coastal areasLagoons 1 – lagoons with saline waters; 2 - lagoons with brackish waters; 3 –

lagoons with brackish and salt waters; 4 – lagoons with freshwaterMarshes 1 – marshy areas; 2 – saline marshes; 3 - freshwater marshes; 4 –

oligotrophic freshwater marshes; 5 – mesotrophic freshwater marshes; 6 – eutrophic freshwater marshes; 7 - forested freshwater marshes; 8 -freshwater marshes in mountains; 9 - freshwater marshes with reed

Peatlands

Pools 1 - permanent pools; 2 – temporary pools

Temporary lakesSaline lakes

Brackish lakesFreshwater lakes 1 - in floodplains; 2 – oxbows; 3 - lakes of glacial origin; 4 - lakes from

snowmelt; 5 - artificially created lakes; 6 - lakes in gravel pits; 7 - lakesof volcanic origin; 8 - karst-lakes; 9 - lakes in the Danube Delta; 10 -lakes behind natural barrages; 10 - lakes of "crov"-type

Temporary watercourses

Permanent watercourses 1 - eukrenon; 2 - hypocrenon; 3 - epirhythron; 4 - metarhythron; 5 -hyporhythron; 6 - epipotamon; 7 – metapotamon

Springs 1 - reocrene springs; 2. limnocrene springs; 3 - helocrene springsGeothermal waters




Section 19. (Global ecological characteristics ). (In case of doubt, "Major habitat type" will be used).

Major habitat type Special type of habitat

Broad leaved forests 1 - oak (Quercus robur ) forests; 2 – forests with Quercus robur and Quercuspetrarea ; 3 - forests with Quercus petrarea ; 4 – forests with Quercus petrarea and beech; 5 – beech forests; 6 mixed forest (beech - coniferous trees)

Coniferous forests 1 - spruce fir; 2 – pine; 3 – fir

Silvosteppe

Bushy areasSteppe

meadows 1 - alpine meadows; 2 - subalpine meadows; 3 – mezofilous meadows

Rocky areas

Rocky steeps

GorgesKarst

Inland sandy areas

Anthropic areas

managed meadowsArable land 1 – corn; 2 – maize; 3 - radish, horse radish; 4 – potato; 5 - plants for the textile

industry; 6 - annual cultures of other type; 7 - multiannual culturesOrchardVineyard

Forest plantations

Park, kitchen gardens

LocalitiesRoads

Torok 2003 Romanian Wetland Inventory

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