Timeline 1910

TIMELINE 1910-1920

What happened in the world between 1910 and 1920?

There are many things to say about this Decade, especially as at this time was start the World War I, but today I will speak not about all.

I

Some inventions and innovations of 1910-1920

1910: "Week-End" gains in USA popularity (versus 6 or 6 1/2-day week)1910: Automatic Transmission Engine, invented by Fottinger (Germany)1910: Cosmic Rays, discovered by Gockel (Switzerland)1910: U.S. Postal Savings Program begins1910: Father's Day first celebrated (Spokane, Washington)1910: Manhattan Bridge finished in New York (started 1901)1910: Halley's Comet observed1911: Air Conditioning, invented by Curtiss (USA)1911: Self-starter for Automobile, invented by Kettering (USA)1911: Gyrocompass, invented by Sperry (USA)1911: Klieg Lamp, invented by A. & J. Kliegl (Germany)1911: British Official Secrets Act becomes law1912: First successful Parachute Jump1912: Wind Tunnel, invented by Eiffel (France)1912: Telephone Amplifer, invented by De Forest (USA)1912: Isotopes (Theory), discovered by Soddy (England)1912: Automatic Pilot for Airplane, invented by Sperry (USA)1912: Mercury Vapor Lamp, invented by Hewitt (USA)1912: Ductile Tungsten, invented by Coolidge (USA)1913: Tungsten Filament for Lightbulb, invented by Coolidge (USA)1913: X-Ray Tube, invented by Coolidge (USA)1913: Incandescent Gas Lamp, invented by Langmuir (USA)1913: Multigrid Electron Tube, invented by Langmuir (USA)1913: Atomic Numbers, discovered by Moseley (England)1913: Geiger Counter, invented by Geiger (Germany)1913: Cracked Gasoline, invented by Burton (USA)1913: Assembly Line techniques predominate in Henry Ford's factory1913: Cascade Tuning Radio Receiver, invented by Alexanderson (USA)1913: Heterodyne Radio Receiver, invented by Fessenden (USA)1913: Double-Acting Wrench, invented by Owen (USA)1913: Vitamin A, discovered by McCollum & Davis (USA)1913: Schick Test, invented by Schick (USA)1913: Zippers way up in popularity (though used since 1891)1913: Foxtrot becomes the favored new dance1914: Conditioned Reflex, discovered by Pavlov (Russia)1914: Military Tank, invented by Swinton (England) [H.G. Wells prophecy]1914: Panama Canal opens for shipping business1914: Robert A. Goddard begins rocket experiments in Massachusetts1914: Triode Modulation Radio Transmitter, invented by Alexanderson (USA)1915: Radio Tube Triode, invented by De Forest (USA)

1915: Radio Tube Oscillator, invented by De Forest (USA)1915: Long-Distance Radio-Telephone, invented at AT&T (USA)1915: Motorized Taxis first in widespread service1915: Hydrogen-cooled Dynamo, invented by Schuler (USA)1916: Condenser Microphone for Telephone, invented by Wente (USA)1916: Stainless Steel, invented by Brearley (England)1916: Depth Bomb, invented by Tait (USA)1916: Vitamin B, discovered by McCollum (USA)1916: Prohibition nears as 24 USA states vote against alcohol1916: "Summertime" (daylight-savings time) begins in Britain1917: Bobbed Hair lady's fashion spreads fast through Britain, USA1917: Electric Razor, invented by Schick (USA)1917: Hybrid Corn, invented by Jones (USA)1918: Automatic Toaster, invented Strite (USA)1918: First Airmail Postage; regular New York-Washington Airmail1918: Radio Crystal Oscillator, invented by Nicolson (USA1918: Time Self-Regulator, invented by Bryce (USA)1918: Mass Spectroscope, invented by Dempster (USA)1919: Arc Welder, invented by Thomson (USA)1919: Proton, discovered by Rutherford (New Zealand)1919: Atom-Smashing (Theory), invented by Rutherford (England)1919: First Non-stop Transatlantic Flight (J.W. Alcock & A. Whitten)1919: "Black Sox" World Series bribery scandal upsets USA Baseball1919: Mechanical Rabbits (Oliver Smith, California) change Greyhound racing1920: First American radio broadcast station opened by Westinghouse, in Pittsburgh1920: Autogyro invented by de la Cierva (Spain)1920: Waterskiing begins as a sport, at Lake Annecy, Haute Savoie, France1920: Prohibition goes into effect across USA (18th Amendment passed)

Science Fiction Films

1910 A Trip to Mars {no known hotlink}1910 Frankenstein (the first version, not the beloved classic) directed by J. Searle Dawley, with the involvement of Thomas Edison Frankenstein (1910)1911 The Pirates of 1920 [British] {no known hotlinks}1913 A Message from Mars based on the play by Robert Ganthony1914 Der Golem [German] Paul Wegener directed, Heinrich Galeen starred1914 An Englishman's Home [British] future war scenario1914 If England Were Invaded [British] future war scenario1914 The Exploits of Elaine (the first of a series with Pearl White and Arnold Day as scientific detectives with far-out gadgets)1916 Homunculus [German] the most popular serial in Germany, throughout World War I, influenced clothing styles, 6 chapters of 1-hour, actually totalled 401 minutes, Otto Rippert directed. Starred Friedrich Kuehne as the scientist and Olaf Foenss as the "perfect creature" he created, but which discovers it has no soul, seeks revenge by tyrannizing humanity, and is finally killed by a lightning bolt. One of Otto Rippert's assistants was Fritz Lang, educated as an architect, who soon made his own mark on Science Fiction film history.1916 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea [Universal Studios] Stuart Paton directed his screen adaptation of the Jules Verne

novel, starring Lois Alexander, Wallis Clark, Alan Holubar as Captain Nemo, Dan Hamlon as Professor Aronnax. There was a 1954 remake and a visually impressive 1997 TV remake. This 1916 masterpiece included remarkable underwater footage filmed in a vast watertank in a Nassau studio, not surpassed until the same technical team filmed the 1929 MGM "The Mysterious Island." 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1916)1917 Himmelskibet ("Heaven Ship" or "The Airship" )[Denmark] Proto-Space-Opera with the daughter of the High Priest of Mars ending a planetary war1918 Tarzan of the Apes Elmo Lincoln was the first screen Tarzan (along with his stunt double Frank Merrill), with Enid Markay as jane, as directed by Scott Sidney from the Fred Miller & Lois Weber adaptation of the Edgar Rice Burroughs series Tarzan of the Apes (1918)1918 Alarune {German] Horror, Eugen Illes1919 The First Men in the Moon {no known hotlink}1919 The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari [German] Albert Wiene1919 Die Spinnen [The Spiders] directed by Fritz Lang, who had been Otto Rippert's assistant on "Homunculus" (1914). This 2-part fantasy adventure was arguably the best of its genre until Steven Spielberg's "Raiders of the Lost Ark" (1981).1920 Der Golem [German] Paul Wegener and Carl Boese, great sets, remake of 1914 film

1910 – 1919 World History

Albert Einstein (1879–1955)

AIP Niels Bohr Library

Vladimir Lenin (1870–1924)

Novosti Photos

Woodrow Wilson(1856–1924)

The Library of Congress Picture Collection

1910

Boy Scouts of America incorporated. Angel Island, in San Francisco Bay, becomes immigration center for Asians entering U.S.

1911

First use of aircraft as offensive weapon in Turkish-Italian War. Italy defeats Turks and annexes Tripoli and Libya. Chinese Republic proclaimed after revolution overthrows Manchu dynasty. Sun Yat-sen named president. Mexican Revolution: Porfirio Diaz, president since 1877, replaced by Francisco Madero. Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire in New York; 146 killed. Amundsen reaches South Pole. Ernest Rutherford

discovers the structure of the atom. Richard Strauss's Der Rosenkavalier. Irving Berlin's Alexander's Ragtime Band.

1912

Balkan Wars (1912–1913) resulting from territorial disputes: Turkey defeated by alliance of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, and Montenegro; London peace treaty (1913) partitions most of European Turkey among the victors. In second war (1913), Bulgaria attacks Serbia and Greece and is defeated after Romania intervenes and Turks recapture Adrianople.  Titanic  sinks on maiden voyage; over 1,500 drown. New Mexico and Arizona admitted as states.

1913

Suffragists demonstrate in London. Garment workers strike in New York and Boston; win pay raise and shorter hours. Henry Ford develops first moving assembly line. 16th Amendment (income tax) and 17th (popular election of U.S. senators) adopted. Bill creating U.S. Federal Reserve System becomes law. Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring. Woodrow Wilson becomes 28th U.S. president. Armory Show introduces modern art to U.S.; Duchamp's Nude Descending a Staircase shocks public.

1914

World War I begins: Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife Sophie are assassinated; Austria declares war on Serbia, Germany on Russia and France, Britain on Germany. (For detailed chronology see, World War I.) Panama Canal officially opened. Congress sets up Federal Trade Commission, passes Clayton Antitrust Act. U.S. Marines occupy Veracruz, Mexico, intervening in civil war to protect American interests.

1915

Lusitania sunk by German submarine. Second Battle of Ypres. U.S. banks lend $500 million to France and Britain. Genocide of estimated 600,000 to 1 million Armenians by Turkish soldiers. D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a Nation. Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity.

1916

Congress expands armed forces. Battle of Verdun. Battle of the Somme. Tom Mooney arrested for San Francisco bombing (pardoned in 1939). Pershing fails in raid into Mexico in quest of rebel Pancho Villa. U.S. buys Virgin Islands from Denmark for $25 million. President Wilson re-elected with “he kept us out of war” slogan. “Black Tom” explosion at munitions dock in Jersey City, N.J., $40,000,000 damages; traced to German saboteurs. Margaret Sanger opens first birth control clinic. Easter Rebellion in Ireland put down by British troops. Jeannette Rankin becomes first woman elected to Congress.

1917

First U.S. combat troops in France as U.S. declares war on Germany (April 6). Third Battle of Ypres. Russian Revolution of 1917—climax of long unrest under czars. February Revolution—Nicholas II forced to abdicate, liberal government created. Kerensky becomes prime minister and forms provisional government (July). In October Revolution, Bolsheviks seize power in armed coup d'état led by Lenin and Trotsky. Kerensky flees.Balfour Declaration promises Jewish homeland in Palestine. U.S. declares war on Austria-Hungary (Dec. 7). Armistice between new Russian Bolshevik government and Germans (Dec. 15). Sigmund Freud's Introduction to Psychoanalysis.

1918

Russian revolutionaries execute the former czar and his family. Russian Civil War between Reds (Bolsheviks) and Whites (anti-Bolsheviks); Reds win in 1920. Allied troops (U.S., British, French)

intervene (March); leave in 1919. Second Battle of the Marne (July–Aug.) German Kaiser abdicates (Nov.); hostilities cease on the Western Front. Japanese hold Vladivostok until 1922. Worldwide influenza epidemic strikes; by 1920,nearly 20 million are dead. In U.S. alone, 500,000 perish.

1919

Third International (Comintern) establishes Soviet control over international Communist movements. Paris peace conference. Versailles Treaty, incorporating Woodrow Wilson's draft Covenant of League of Nations, signed by Allies and Germany; rejected by U.S. Senate. Congress formally ends war in 1921. 18th (Prohibition) Amendment adopted. Alcock and Brown make first trans-Atlantic nonstop flight. Mahatma Gandhi initiates satyagraha (“truth force”) campaigns, beginning his nonviolent resistance movement against British rule in India.

The History of Fashion: 1910 - 1920X_juicyfruit / APRIL 12, 2008 8:21 PM / Read More: The History Of Fashion

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Periods of upheaval are often a catalyst for profound social change, which in turn is a catalyst for

dramatic change in fashion. This is certainly true of the 1910s.

In the early part of the decade, fashion was fairly sedate, but in 1914, World War I broke out. The world

changed and by the end of the decade, so did fashion. WWI was definitely the most dramatic event of the

teens, but a number of other important things happened during this period as well. Events like the

women's suffrage movement, the roots of Prohibition, and the Great Influenza epidemic of 1918

fundamentally changed American society. The RMS Titanic sank on her maiden voyage in 1912. Frank

Lloyd Wright's Arts & Crafts movement began to take hold, and silent films featuring stars such as Charlie

Chaplin and Mary Pickford were adored.

Dresses took on a whole new dimension. Gone was the corseted waist and in its

place was the hobble skirt that mimicked the "harem" skirts of the Middle East. Paul Poiret, a popular

designer of the time, is credited with this fashion movement heavily influenced by Eastern design and

colors. Some skirts were so narrow that it was nearly impossible to move. For fear of splitting the skirt,

women sometimes wore a length of cord to keep their legs from moving apart too much. It is not clear

why they thought this was a good idea, but it's interesting that this movement occurred alongside the

suffrage movement. Shoes and hosiery also became more exotic and colorful, most notably when Poiret

commissioned the Perugia shoemakers to create a line of Eastern-style jeweled slippers.

The Great War (1914 to 1918) changed people's lives in

dramatic ways. Men went off to fight in Europe and women were left at home to run the factories. As

women's independence increased, so too did their levels of activity and their desire for practical shoes.

Shoes and clothing were collected as part of the war effort and people were encouraged to be less

frivolous. Clothing became more utilitarian, taking on a tailored, mannish appearance. Hemlines began to

inch up as wartime shortages made fabric scarce. Even the nicest theaters declared evening-wear

"optional but unnecessary." Lace-up boots came back into fashion, valued now for their practicality. Men's

and women's shoes still tended to look similar. A variety of materials were used in shoe construction,

including leathers mixed with colored canvas or gabardine to form two-toned "spectators." Some leathers

were reversed to form suede and were used with a kid or patent finish. Both day and evening pumps were

often decorated with removable buckles in cut steel, silver filigree, diamanté, or marcasite.

Fashion again took a dramatic turn when the war ended. As interests changed, so did clothing.

Sportswear was increasing in popularity and such fashions were soon incorporated into everyday dress.

U.S. Rubber developed the first sneaker, called Keds, in 1917. The word "sneaker" was coined quite

literally because the rubber sole made the shoe stealthy — all other shoes, with the exception of

moccasins, made noise when you walked!

The fashionable man in the early 1910s was seen wearing a one

or three button cutaway frock coat or the double breasted sack which is a straight lined jacket. Average

width of the pants leg was a whopping 22 inches at the bottom. It was a 'dandy' type of look; the cane was

standard, the collar was high (usually with a bow tie); a bowler or some type of hat was worn. A man's hat

in those days was meant to coordinate with his outfit. A top hat in 1900 went with the frock coat; the

homburg was necessary for less formal day wear, and the straw hat (or 'boater') was popular with both

men and women.

Boys and younger men wore three piece suits for dress, consisting of a coat, vest and knee pants which

were tight fitting and usually made with 'double knees'. The bottom of the pant leg met the high stockings

at the knee.

THE   BOATER

Smart & Simple they say according to the Victorian era of Classic, Its very intelligent to pull of a era of the

Boater Hats, this spring/summer. However the boater stiff straw hat with a moderately deep, flat-topped crown

encircled by a petersham ribbon and a flat narrow brim, was universally popular with men and women for the

country, the seaside and boating. What to wear & why the style is so unique today. Let us focus upon the

British days of style, or summer evenings-on the Yacht with pets & friends. The boater is a very iconic way to

present not only color, but meaning.

The heritage. From 1880-1920, the boater was a requisite for the tennis court and picnic, and worn by men and

women alike for casual summer wear. Another hat worn by the seaside was the helmet, made of cloth with a

small brim and a helmet-shaped sectional crown.

The time period includes world war 1. There were a lot of patriotic songs popular at the time including

some you may have heard in old movies if you ever watch them. Song titles include:

Yankee Doodle Boy

Oh, You Beautiful Doll

It's a Long Way to Tipperary

Aba Daba Honeymoon 

Mademoiselle from Armentieres

Pack Up Your Troubles

Over There

Oh Johnny, Oh Johnny

History of The Musical Stage

1910-1919: Part Iby John Kenrick(Copyright 1996 & 2008)

Imported Hits Jerome Kern The Princess Theatre

Musicals

(The images below are thumbnails – click on them to see larger versions.)

Imported Hits

This program title page for The Pink Lady (1911) announces that complimentary pink parasols will be distributed to all ladies attending the 200th performance.

George M. Cohan and Victor Herbert were still turning out hits after 1910, but their scores were pretty much a continuation of the kind of work each had been doing since the start of the century. From 1910 onwards, many Broadway producers inspired by The Merry Widow concentrated on importing musicals from Europe. Notable examples include –

Madame Sherry (1910 - 231), a Viennese operetta involving a bachelor who pretends he is married in order to wheedle some money out of his wealthy uncle. The New York production kept the original plot, but American librettist Otto Harbach provided a new book and lyrics, with all-new melodies by Karl Hoschna. The waltz-laden score included the mega-hit "Every Little Movement (Has a Meaning All Its Own)."

The Arcadians (1910 NY - 193) was a British operetta that had residents of an earthly paradise trying to teach modern Londoners the value of honesty. It ran for more than two years on the West End. Despite a tuneful score by Lionel Monckton and Howard Talbot, it was only a moderate success in the US.

British composer Ivan Caryll's The Pink Lady (1911 - 320) told the story of a young man stealing kisses in a French forest and a some other loosely related romantic shenanigans. It made Hazel Dawn a star and initiated an American craze for "pink lady" drinks and fashions. With its popular "Kiss Waltz," The Pink Lady set a box office record for Broadway's massive New Amsterdam Theatre.

The Shubert Brothers had the 1874 Johann Strauss operetta Die Fledermaus translated into into a vehicle for vaudeville's popular Dolly Sisters, re-titled it The Merry Countess (1912 - 135) and reaped healthy ticket sales.

Maid of the Mountains (1917) wowed World War I London with its old-fashioned tale of a country girl who loves a swashbuckling bandit, racking up a then-astounding 1,325

performances. It made a star of soprano Jose Collins, who would play the role for decades to come. The heavily revised 1918 Broadway version was so clumsy that it closed in less than a month.

The coming of World War I stifled the demand for German-language operettas in both America and Great Britain. Luckily, an American was ready to step into the void, opening  a new era in American musical theatre.

Jerome Kern: "They Didn't Believe Me"The American musical found a new creative direction thanks to Jerome Kern, a native New Yorker who got his start amending the scores of imported British musicals. Since British high society rarely arrived at a theatre before intermission, London musicals of the early 1900s often saved their best material for the second act and filled the first half of the evening with fluff. These shows had to be revised for New York audiences, who tended to arrive for the first curtain and leave at intermission if the first act was not up to snuff.

When producer Charles Frohman brought over the British hit The Girl From Utah (1914 - 120), the plot (an American girl flees to London rather than become a rich Mormon's latest wife) proved amusing, but the British score was unremarkable. So Frohman hired Kern and veteran lyricist Herbert Reynolds to write five new numbers for the lackluster first act.

When Julia Sanderson and Donald Brian introduced Kern's "They Didn't Believe Me" in The Girl From Utah, they became one of the most popular stage duo's of their time. These photos come from the original cast program.

Kern and Reynolds had added uncredited songs to previous imports. This time they demanded and got full program credit. Their delightful ballad "They Didn'tBelieve Me" marked a turning point in the development of popular music. The melody defies time. Forthright sentiment meets refined romance, and the resulting sound pointed to the Broadway musical's future. Rejecting

the flowery poetry found in most period love songs, the lyric captured the easy cadence of everyday conversation –

And when I told themHow beautiful you areThey didn't believe me.They didn't believe me.Your lips, you eyes, your curly hairAre in a class beyond compareYou're the loveliest girlThat one could see.And when I tell them,(And I certainly am going to tell them)That I'm the manWho's wife one day you'll be,They'll never believe me,They'll never believe me,That from this great big worldYou've chosen me.- Transcribed from sheet music

As Julia Sanderson and Donald Brian sang those words in the Knickerbocker Theatre on the night of August 14, 1914, it is doubtful that they or their audience realized they were part of an historic moment. As far as they knew, it was just great entertainment. But "They Didn't Believe Me" eclipsed everything in the show's original British score and made Kern the hottest new composer on Broadway. Musical theatre -- in fact, all popular music -- would never be the same.

The Princess Theatre MusicalsKern's best melodies have a timeless, distinctly American sound that redefined the Broadway showtune. He made the most of his early popularity, composing sixteen Broadway scores between 1916 and 1920. The most memorable of these graced a series of innovative musicals for The Princess Theatre.

Ray Comstock built the cozy 299 seat Princess for a dramatic

repertory company, but that soon folded. Agent Elizabeth Marbury suggested producing small, low-budget musicals as alternatives to the lavish songfests then dominant on Broadway. Comstock and Marbury joined forces, hired Kern and librettist Guy Bolton, limited production expenses to $7,500 (because of the small number of seats), and launched a series now referred to as The Princess Theatre Musicals. Kern and Bolton began by adapting the London operetta Mr. Popple of Ippleton. They replaced the book and most of the score, reduced the chorus to a minimum, and renamed the show Nobody Home (1915 - 135). The production barely broke even, but Comstock was encouraged enough to have Bolton & Kern attempt an original project.

This time, the team focused on settings and characters that would be familiar to Broadway audiences of that time -- facing credible challenges. Very Good Eddie (1915 - 341)involved two honeymooning couples who get involved in some innocent misunderstandings while cruising on a Hudson River steamboat. Because of the Princess Theatre's size, the production aimed for a naturalistic and seemingly informal style.

With little or no space separating the players from the audience, Very Good Eddie depended upon the ease and credibility of the acting and characterization. Scarcely any previous musical comedy had been favored with a plot and dialogue so coherent, so nearly related to those of well-written non-musical plays.- Cecil Smith, Musical Comedy in America (New York: Theatre Arts Books, 1950), p. 212.

Man and wife are reunited in the finale to Oh Boy! (1917), the longest running Princess Theatre musical.

The Princess Musicals hit their full stride when British lyricist-librettist P.G. Wodehouse joined the team. The next few shows by this trio featured amusing plots, a trove of charming Kern melodies, and thanks to Wodehouse, the wittiest lyrics since the best of  W.S. Gilbert –

Have a Heart (1917 - 76) landed in the hands of producer Henry Savage, who greedily booked it into the sizeable

Liberty Theatre. Perhaps that is why this story of a second honeymoon that nearly wrecks a marriage only lasted two months.

Oh Boy! (1917 - 463) - While his wife is away, a well-intentioned newlywed lets a college girl avoid arrest by hiding out in his house. Then his wife comes home – crisis! But all the tangled misunderstandings were resolved by the final curtain. With a score that included "Till the Clouds Roll By," this became the longest running Princess Theatre musical, one of the first American hits of its time to enjoy a successful run in London.

Leave It To Jane (1917 - 167) - With Oh Boy! still running at the Princess, the team opened this show at the larger Longacre Theatre. A college president's daughter woos a rival school's star quarterback and loses her heart to him in the process. The catchy title tune and the comic "Cleopatterer" were highlights. A cozy 1959 revival  Off-Broadway captured enough period charm to run for a whopping 928 performances.

Oh, Lady! Lady! (1918 - 219) - A young man tries to convince an ex-girlfriend he was unworthy of her, and only succeeds in looking ridiculous to his new fiancé.

Oh, My Dear! (1918 - 189) - A group of eccentric New Yorkers leave town to check into a health farm. With Kern otherwise occupied, the music was provided by Louis Hirsch. Despite a respectable run, everyone realized there was little point in continuing the series without Kern.

In a period interview, Bolton explained what he and his collaborators were trying to do –

"Our musical comedies . . . depend as much upon plot and the development of their characters for success as upon their music, and . . . they deal with subjects and peoples near to the audiences. In the development of our plot . . . we endeavor to make everything count. Every line, funny or serious, is supposedly to help the plot continue to hold."- as quoted in Gerald Bordman's American Musical Theatre: A Chronicle (New York: Oxford Press, 1978), p. 330.

Despite the claims of some experts, The Princess shows were not the first musicals to integrate song and story – Offenbach did that in the previous century, as did Gilbert and Sullivan. As for believable characters in everyday settings, Cohan and others started doing that over a decade earlier. So what made the Princess series unique? Aside from an intimate performing style that presaged the future appeal of sound film, these were the first musicals to profit from the full creative genius of Jerome Kern. There is no question that Bolton and Wodehouse's wit was crucial to the success of the series, but it is Kern's music that captured the hearts of theatre goers. It is no accident that the series died right after Kern left the team.

Kern loved it when his songs became hits, but he had a higher priority. As he once told an interviewer, "I'm trying to apply modern art to light music as Debussy and those men have done to more serious work." Kern would continue to enrich the musical stage and screen for decades to come – there is more on him in the chapters ahead.

Just months after Kern made the scene with his contributions to The Girl From Utah, another great American composer unveiled his first complete stage score. Trained in the pop song traditions of Tin Pan Alley, Irving Berlin became an immediate Broadway legend.

History of The Musical Stage

1910-19 Part II:Revuesby John Kenrick(Copyright 1996 & 2008)

Irving Berlin Scandals & Vanities Raunchier Options

(The images below are thumbnails – click on them to see larger versions.)

Irving Berlin: Watch Your StepVernon and Irene Castle were the most popular dance team of the 1910s, initiating various dance and fashion crazes. Here they are seen in the original program to Watch Your Step (1914)

performing the popular "Castle Walk."

In 1911, former Bowery waiter Irving Berlin's vaudeville song "Alexander's Ragtime Band" became an international hit, igniting a worldwide craze for the all-American sound of syncopation. Without warning, America was suddenly setting the pace and rhythm of popular culture -- and the waves of change began in New York.

Most of New York's music publishers had offices on a three block stretch of West 28th Street, where the din of pianists at work was compared to housewives banging tin pans, earning that area (and the music publishing industry the nickname "Tin Pan Alley." Berlin had already contributed songs to various revues, but created his first complete stage score for producer Charles Dillingham's "syncopated revue" Watch Your Step (1914 - 175). Unlike most revues, it had a wisp of a plot -- librettist Harry B. Smith's program credit read "Book (if any)" -- involving a young man and woman competing to win an inheritance by each proving they had never been in love, and (of course) falling in love as they spend a day wandering about Manhattan.

Watch Your Step was designed as a showcase for the most popular dance team of the era, Vernon and Irene Castle. The Castle's brought a modern sense of intimacy and humor to ballroom-style dancing, making them the perfect choice to bring Tin Pan Alley syncopation to Broadway. Berlin's jaunty counterpoint ballad "Play a Simple Melody" became a standard, and the Castle's turned his "Syncopated Walk" into a show stopper. Berlin found this success so satisfying that he turned out scores for several more revues, including the songs "I Love A Piano" for Stop! Look! Listen! (1915) and "A Pretty Girl is Like a Melody" for The Ziegfeld Follies (1919). Although Berlin was more interested in writing hit songs than in creating great theater, he continued writing for Broadway revues and book musicals into the 1960s. There is far more on him in the pages ahead.

Scandals & Vanities 

The Passing Show of 1913 offered chorus girls cascading down a stage-wide staircase. A serious Follies competitor, this twelve year series is

almost forgotten today.

Ziegfeld's Follies (discussed in detail on our next page) were generally considered the best revues of this era, but there were several major competing series in the 1910s and 1920s  –

– George White was a featured dancer in the 1911 and 1915 editions of the Follies. Confident that he could improve on Ziegfeld's approach, White produced a series of thirteen lavish Scandals between 1919 and 1939. With music, comedy, beautiful chorus girls and top-quality dance routines, White's revues were so popular that they made Ziegfeld uneasy. White demanded better scores than Ziegfeld, so his Scandals introduced such lasting hits as George and Ira Gershwin's "Stairway to Paradise" and "Somebody Loves Me," as well as DeSylva, Henderson and Brown's "Birth of the Blues," "The Black Bottom" and "Life is Just a Bowl of Cherries." TheScandals' roster of stars included Rudy Vallee, Harry Richman, Ethel Merman and former Follies dancer Ann Pennington. White moved on to Hollywood and filmed several Scandals, but drifted into obscurity after the 1940s.

– Director John Murray Anderson initiated The Greenwich Village Follies, an intimate downtown revue that proved so popular it had to be moved to Broadway. Displaying Anderson's masterful gift for inventive, stylish staging, this series had eight successful editions between 1919 and 1928, becoming bigger and more elaborate each year. Anderson soon left the series but remained an important stage director, helming two editions of the Follies after Ziegfeld's death. His New Faces of 1952(1952 - 365) and Almanac (1953 - 229) won acclaim long after the Broadway revue had been dismissed as a dead genre.

Raunchier OptionsLong before Saturday Night Live, presidential

candidates took their comic licks from Broadway revues. Here Woodrow Wilson, Theodore Roosevelt and Senator Charles Evans Hughes seek the hand of "Miss Nomination" in The Passing Show of 1916.

– In a blatant attempt to copy the success of the Follies, theatre owners Lee & Jacob Shubert presented lavish revues at their new Winter Garden Theatre. After several false starts, they launched The Passing Show, a series that ran irregularly from 1912 to 1924. The Shuberts used a team of underpaid staff writers and designers to turn out shows that were short on style but packed with almost-naked chorus girls. The Passing Show also boasted a stellar line-up of performing talent, including comics Willie and Eugene Howard, Ed Wynn, DeWolf Hopper, Adele and Fred Astaire, Charles Winninger, and future Ziegfeld starMarilyn Miller. The most memorable songs from the series included "Smiles" and "I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles." When the Shuberts decided they could make more money by setting their sights even lower, The Passing Show became the first major revue series to fade away.

– Convinced that female nudity was enough to sell a revue, Jacob Shubert produced a series entitled Artists and Models. During rehearsals, Shubert ripped material off the chorus girls' costumes until he felt sufficient flesh was showing. The resulting displays drew so much condemnation in the press that curious audiences packed the theatre for three long-running editions (1923-1925).

– Earl Carroll was an occasional songwriter who produced a series of popular Vanities and Sketchbooks between 1923 and 1940. He didn't settle for under-dressing his chorus girls – he often presented them stark naked, defying the law and garnering tremendous publicity. Carroll had a taste for bawdy comedy acts that would never have been allowed in a Ziegfeld show. Carroll's stars included Joe Cook, Sophie Tucker, W.C. Fields, Jack Benny and Milton Berle. Carroll's racy private life and outrageous publicity stunts landed him in jail on several occasions. When the Great Depression killed off lavish stage revues in the 1930s, he opened a popular Hollywood nightclub and produced several successful films before dying in a 1948 plane crash.

Most Broadway revues of this period were content to offer large numbers of underdressed women, with just enough comedy to keep audiences awake between lavish production numbers. With a few exceptions, most of the songs in these revues were forgettable.

The popularity of revues took off during the 1910s thanks to Ziegfeld's Follies -- which made the transition from success story to theatrical legend during this decade. . .

History of The Musical Stage

1910-19 Part IIIby John Kenrick(Copyright 1996 & 2003)

Ziegfeld: Setting Standards

World War I Actors Strike Irene

(The images below are thumbnails – click on them to see larger versions.)

Ziegfeld: Setting StandardsZiegfeld as he appeared at the height of his career.

Having established the popularity of the revue format with his Follies, Florenz Ziegfeld continued to set new artistic standards with the series in the 1910s. Although this now-legendary showman used his unique personal taste to shape and define each edition

of the Follies, several people added signature elements to the series –

Julian Mitchell  re-affirmed his status as the first important director of Broadway musicals, an extraordinary distinction for a man who was deaf.

Gene Buck  served as songwriter, occasional director, and Ziegfeld's right hand man.

Joseph Urban 's exquisite sets became the embodiment of the art nouveau style.

When a bizarre New York law made it illegal for nude actors to move on stage, artist Ben Ali Haggin placed naked

Ziegfeld girls in a series of motionless but dazzling tableaux. These lavish "living pictures" sidestepped the law and delighted audiences.

Ned Wayburn  became Broadway's first important dance director -- no one on Broadway was willing to use the term "choreographer."

Lady Duff-Gordon (a.k.a. "Lucille") and Erte raised costume design to the level of international high fashion

Over time, Ziegfeld's tendency to spare no expense made his Follies the costliest productions on Broadway. The 1907 edition was produced for a modest $13,800 -- the 1919 edition came in at $150,000. Although the emphasis was on spectacle and pulchritude, the Follies introduced several memorable songs. Irving Berlin's "A Pretty Girl is Like a Melody" became the unofficial anthem for the series, which also introduced such hits as "My Man," "Shine On Harvest Moon," "Second Hand Rose" and "By the Light of the Silvery Moon."

The greatest artistic legacy of the Follies was its stellar line-up of comedy talent. Some of the funniest stars in show business achieved fame by appearing in the series, including W.C. Fields, Bert Williams, Ed Wynn, Will Rogers, Eddie Cantor and Fanny Brice. The Follies would remain a Broadway staple through the next decade, when Ziegfeld would also produce several important book musicals. (You'll find more on him in the pages ahead, or visit Ziegfeld 101.)

World War IThe original sheet music for George M. Cohan's wartime hit "Over There." The patriotic lady in the photo is vaudeville star Nora Bayes, who Cohan selected to introduce the song.

After three years of official nutrality, the United States entered World War I in 1917, joining with Britain and

France in the struggle against Germany and Austria. Broadway luminaries played an active role on the home front. George M. Cohan's "Over There" was a popular wartime hit. Al Jolson and

other stars entertained the troops and raised millions of dollars through war bond drives. Dancer Vernon Castle served in the Canadian air force and was killed while training cadets in Texas.

Although few book musicals dealt with the war, many topical revues included war-themed routines. Florenz Ziegfeld dressed his Follies chorines in military uniforms, and had one of his girls appear bare breasted to personify "liberty" – thanks to the patriotic context, no one complained. Not to be outdone, the Shuberts stripped their already under-dressed Passing Show chorines in the name of patriotism. In a slightly classier gesture, they also introduced the hit song "Goodbye Broadway, Hello France" in the 1917 edition.

Things took a dark and unexpected turn in the autumn of 1918 when a devastating flu epidemic reached the United States. As 25 million Americans fell ill and an estimated 550,000 perished, many cities closed their theatres. New York City allowed theatres to stay open, but audiences were so sparse that several Broadway productions were forced to close. A core group of shows kept running at a loss, including Ziegfeld's Follies. Within a few weeks, the commercial theater reached the brink of economic ruin. Then, for no apparent reason, the epidemic subsided. Audiences soon reappeared, and one of the deadliest chapters in history became a buried footnote to "The War to End All Wars." It is estimated that the epidemic killed more than 20 million people worldwide, about twice the number of people killed in battle during the war. Most historians ignored this frightening epidemic until the beginning of the next century.

The sheet music for "Goodbye Broadway, Hello France," a popular wartime march introduced in The Passing Show of 1917.

As the war ended in 1918, America shifted from being a debtor nation to being a lender to the world. This subtle change had a profound effect on life in New York City.

By 1919, New York had displaced its last and greatest rival, London, as the investment capital of the world, and money was flowing into the city, one British observer remarked, "as water flows

downhill." "Only by careful and constant extravagance," one New Yorker replied impertinently, "can we keep it from bursting the banks!"- Burns, Ric and James Sanders, New York: An Illustrated History. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2003, p. 315.

America was in the mood to party. Broadway led the way with giddy editions of George White's Scandals, Florenz Ziegfeld's Follies and numerous now-forgotten musicals. As a new energy began to make itself felt in all aspects of American popular culture, Broadway ticket sales rose, and the theatre prepared for a post-war boom.

Actors Strike of 1919But Broadway's postwar boom was interrupted when the Actor's Equity Association demanded better working conditions for its members. This union had formed years earlier in response to abusive treatment by the Shuberts and other producers. It was common practice for producers to make actors pay for their own costumes, rehearse for weeks without pay, and face termination without notice. In a patriotic gesture, Equity waited until after the war to press its demands. When producers ended months of half-hearted negotiations by refusing to recognize the union, Equity president Francis Wilson called the first strike in the history of the American theatre in August 1919.

Actor-producer George M. Cohan had always treated performers well. Taking the strike as a personal insult, he led a spirited effort to quash Equity. Most actors felt Cohan had forgotten what it was like to be a struggling performer. Angry rhetoric poured forth from both sides. When Cohan proclaimed that he would quit the theater and run an elevator before giving in to Equity, longtime friend Eddie Cantor publicly pointed out that that elevator operators in New York City had to belong to a union.

Producers tried to put together non-union casts to keep shows running. Then the stagehands union agreed to honor the strike, shutting down almost every professional production in the US.

Coming barely a year after the flu epidemic, the strike hit producers like a one-two punch. Faced with crippling losses, producers were forced to recognize Actors Equity and accept its demands. An embittered Cohan never accepted Equity's existence, but others did, and actors finally had some professional leverage.

IreneEdith Day on the sheet music for Irene's title tune. She traveled with the show to London, where she reigned as a top musical star for several decades.

The first memorable post-World War I hit was the Cinderella-like story of a Manhattan shop girl (played by Edith Day) who becomes a high fashion model and wins the love of a Long Island millionaire. The twist is that the millionaire has to win over the girl's impoverished mother who is prejudiced against wealth! Following the Princess Theatre model with believable characters facing realistic problems, Irene (1919 - 670) set a new long-run record for Broadway by giving audiences sentimental, easy going fun with a fresh "modern" energy. Composer Harry Tierney and lyricist Joseph McCarthy's score included the nostalgic "Alice Blue Gown," which fed a craze for "Alice blue" fashions (a blue-gray tint named for Theodore Roosevelt's famed daughter).

As Broadway moved into a new decade, a record number of musical productions would help keep the 1920s "roaring" . . .

Top 25 Films from the 1910's to the 1920'sby mmax-9 created 17 Oct 2010 | last updated - 31 Oct 2010

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1.

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Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1925)

  8/10 

Erstwhile childhood friends, Judah Ben-Hur and Messala meet again as adults, this time with Roman officer Messala as conqueror and Judah as a wealthy... (143 mins.)

Director: Fred Niblo

Stars: Ramon Novarro, Francis X. Bushman, May McAvoy, Betty Bronson

2.

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Die Nibelungen: Kriemhilds Rache(1924)

  7.9/10 

After Siegfried's dead, Kriemhild marries Etzel, the King of the Huns. She gives birth to a child, and invites her brothers for a party... (129 mins.)

Director: Fritz Lang

Stars: Margarete Schön, Gertrud Arnold, Theodor Loos, Hans Carl Mueller

3.

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La passion de Jeanne d'Arc (1928)

  8.3/10 

A chronicle of the trial of Jeanne d'Arc on charges of heresy, and the efforts of her ecclesiastical jurists to force Jeanne to recant her claims of holy visions. (110 mins.)

Director: Carl Th. Dreyer

Stars: Maria Falconetti, Eugene Silvain, André Berley, Maurice Schutz

4.

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Metropolis (1927)

  8.4/10 

In a futuristic city sharply divided between the working class and the city planners, the son of the city's mastermind falls in love with a working class prophet who predicts the coming of a savior to mediate their differences. (153 mins.)

Director: Fritz Lang

Stars: Brigitte Helm, Alfred Abel, Gustav Fröhlich, Rudolf Klein-Rogge

5.

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Chelovek s kino-apparatom (1929 Documentary)

  8.3/10 

A cameraman travels around a city with a camera slung over his shoulder, documenting urban life with dazzling inventiveness.(68 mins.)

Director: Dziga Vertov

Stars: Mikhail Kaufman

6.

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Intolerance: Love's Struggle Throughout the Ages (1916)

  8.0/10 

The story of a poor young woman, separated by prejudice from her husband and baby, is interwoven with tales of intolerance from throughout history. (163 mins.)

Director: D.W. Griffith

Stars: Lillian Gish, Douglas Fairbanks, Mae Marsh, Robert Harron

7.

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Bronenosets Potyomkin (1925)

  8.1/10 

A dramatized account of a great Russian naval mutiny and a resulting street demonstration which brought on a police massacre. (75 mins.)

Director: S.M. Eisenstein

Stars: Aleksandr Antonov, Vladimir Barsky, Grigori Aleksandrov, Ivan Bobrov

8.

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Greed (1924)

  8.1/10 

The sudden fortune won from a lottery fans such destructive greed that it ruins the lives of the three people involved. (140 mins.)

Director: Erich von Stroheim

Stars: Gibson Gowland, Zasu Pitts, Jean Hersholt, Dale Fuller

9.

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Napoléon (1927)

  7.9/10 

A film about the French Field Marshal's youth and early military career. (240 mins.)

Director: Abel Gance

Stars: Albert Dieudonné, Vladimir Roudenko, Edmond Van Daële,Alexandre Koubitzky

10.

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The Wind (1928)

  8.2/10 

Letty moves to West Texas from the East and it seems that the wind always blows and the sand gets everywhere... (95 mins.)

Director: Victor Seastrom

Stars: Lillian Gish, Lars Hanson, Montagu Love, Dorothy Cumming

11.

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The Kid Brother (1927)

  7.9/10 

The most important family in Hickoryville is (naturally enough) the Hickorys, with sheriff Jim and his tough manly sons Leo and Olin...

Director: Ted Wilde, J.A. Howe

Stars: Harold Lloyd, Jobyna Ralston, Walter James, Leo Willis

12.

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Nosferatu, eine Symphonie des Grauens (1922)

  8.1/10 

Vampire Count Orlok expresses interest in a new residence and real estate agent Hutter's wife. Silent classic based on the story "Dracula." (94 mins.)

Director: F.W. Murnau

Stars: Max Schreck, Greta Schröder, Ruth Landshoff, Gustav von Wangenheim

13.

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The Big Parade (1925)

  8.3/10 

The idle son of a rich businessman joins the army when the U.S.A. enters World War One. He is sent to France...

Director: King Vidor

Stars: John Gilbert, Renée Adorée, Hobart Bosworth, Claire McDowell

14.

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Die Nibelungen: Siegfried (1924)

  8.1/10 

Siegfried, son of King Sigmund, hears of the beautiful sister of Gunter, King of Worms, Kriemhild. On his way to Worms... (97 mins.)

Director: Fritz Lang

Stars: Paul Richter, Margarete Schön, Theodor Loos, Gertrud Arnold

15.

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Mecanicul (1926)

  8.4/10 

When Union spies steal an engineer's beloved locomotive, he pursues it single handedly and straight through enemy lines.(107 mins.)

Director: Clyde Bruckman, Buster Keaton

Stars: Buster Keaton, Marion Mack, Glen Cavender, Jim Farley

16.

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Stachka (1925)

  7.8/10 

In Russia's factory region during Czarist rule, there's restlessness and strike planning among workers; management brings in spies and external agents... (82 mins.)

Director: Sergei M. Eisenstein

Stars: Grigori Aleksandrov, Maksim Shtraukh, Mikhail Gomorov, I. Ivanov

17.

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Sherlock Jr. (1924)

  8.3/10 

A film projectionist longs to be a detective, and puts his meagre skills to work when he is framed by a rival for stealing his girlfriend's father's pocketwatch. (45 mins.)

Director: Buster Keaton

Stars: Buster Keaton, Kathryn McGuire, Joe Keaton, Erwin Connelly

18.

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Sparrows (1926)

  7.4/10 

Molly, the eldest child at a baby farm hidden deep in a swamp, must rescue the others when their cruel master decides that one of them will be disposed of. (84 mins.)

Director: William Beaudine

Stars: Mary Pickford, Roy Stewart, Mary Louise Miller, Gustav von Seyffertitz

19.

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Our Hospitality (1923)

  8.0/10 

A man returns to his Appalachian homestead. On the trip, he falls for a young woman. The only problem is her family has vowed to kill every member of his family. (65 mins.)

Director: Jack Blystone, Buster Keaton

Stars: Buster Keaton, Natalie Talmadge, Joe Keaton, Joe Roberts

20.

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Tagebuch einer Verlorenen (1929)

  7.9/10 

Thymiane is a beautiful young girl who is not having a storybook life. Her governess, Elizabeth, is thrown out of her home when she is pregnant... (104 mins.)

Director: Georg Wilhelm Pabst

Stars: Louise Brooks, Josef Rovenský, Fritz Rasp, André Roanne

21.

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Aurora/Sunrise (1927)

  8.4/10 

A married farmer falls under the spell of a slatternly woman from the city, who tries to convince him to drown his wife. (94 mins.)

Director: F.W. Murnau

Stars: George O'Brien, Janet Gaynor, Margaret Livingston, Bodil Rosing

22.

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The Hunchback of Notre Dame(1923)

  7.3/10 

In fifteenth century Paris, the brother of the archdeacon plots with the gypsy king to foment a peasant revolt. Meanwhile, a freakish hunchback falls in love with the gypsy queen.

Director: Wallace Worsley

Stars: Lon Chaney, Patsy Ruth Miller, Norman Kerry, Kate Lester

23.

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The Student Prince in Old Heidelberg (1927)

  7.7/10 

A cloistered, overprotected Austrian prince falls in love with a down-to-earth barmaid in this "Vienese fairy tale."

Director: Ernst Lubitsch

Stars: Ramon Novarro, Norma Shearer, Jean Hersholt, Gustav von Seyffertitz

24.

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Das Cabinet des Dr. Caligari. (1920)

  8.1/10 

Dr. Caligari's somnambulist, Cesare, and his deadly predictions.

Director: Robert Wiene

Stars: Werner Krauss, Conrad Veidt, Friedrich Feher, Lil Dagover

25.

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Don Juan (1926)

  7.0/10 

If there was one thing that Don Juan de Marana learned from his father Don Jose, it was that women gave you three things - life... (110 mins.)

Director: Alan Crosland

Stars: Jane Winton, John Roche, Warner Oland, Estelle Taylor

1910s

Charles Chaplin (actor, famous from 1914-early 1940s.)

Douglas Fairbanks (actor, famous from mid 1910s-late 1920s.)

Mabel Normand (actor, famous from early 1910s-early 1920s.)

Fatty Arbuckle (actor, famous from early 1910s-early 1920s.)

Gloria Swanson (actor, famous from early 1910s-1920s.)

Cecil B. Demille (producer, famous from late 1910s-late 1950s).

Lillian Gish (actor, famous from early 1910s-early 1930s.)

[edit]1920s

Rudolph Valentino (actor, famous from 1921-til his death in 1926.)

Buster Keaton (actor, famous from 1920-early 1930s.)

Claudette Colbert (actor, famous from late 1920s-late 1940s.)

Norma Shearer (actress, famous from mid 1920s-1942, when she retired.)

Greta Garbo (actress, famous from late 1920s-1942, when she retired.)

Bessie Love (actress, famous from mid 1920s-early 1930s.)

Anita Page (actress, famous from mid 1920s-early 1930s.)

William Holden (actor, famous from late 1920s-late 1940s.)

 from 1910 to 1920

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TOP 10 INVENTIONS FROM 1910-192068rate or flag

By jonsswagger1978

GREAT INVENTIONS

AIR CONDITIONER

See all 4 photos

PARACHUTE

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BEST INVENTIONS 1910-1920

1. FIRST ELECTRIC SELF STARTER- This was invented for automobiles. It greatly improved the time it took to start an automobile. With this invention came others that were built upon the principles that made this one successful.

2. AIR CONDITIONER- This invention was created in 1911 and at first it had a lot of problems but by 1915 they had the kinks worked out and Americans everywhere finally could shut the windows and turn on the air.

3. ZIPPERS ON CLOTHING- The year 1912 brought us the first ever usage of zippers on articles of clothing. By 1920 almost all pants had zippers on them.

4. MOVING ASSEMBLY LINE- In the year of 1913 the FORD MOTOR COMPANY brought us the moving assembly line which greatly increased car production to meet the ever growing demand for cars.

5. AIRLINE LINKS- In 1919 the first ever airline link took place between London, England and Paris, France. This set it up for future flights through out the world.

6. PARACHUTES- In 1912 the first parachute was perfected and tested. This invention is great for fun but it is an important to note that it was made for the military originally.

7. VITAMIN A- This very important discovery was found in 1913 by Mccollum and Davis of the USA.This is important because vitamin A is great for our health.

8. MILITARY TANK- This invention was made by Swinton of England in 1914 and it enabled our military to save many lives during wartime.

9. LONG DISTANCE- The long distance radio telephone was invented in 1915 by AT AND T. This allowed consumers to make phone calls from state to state.

10. ELECTRIC RAZOR- In 1917 the long awaied electric razor was invented by the SCHICK company.

                     A few more inventions

11. MECHANICAL RABBITS

12. TIME SELF REGULATOR

13. HYBRID CORN

14. AUTOMATIC TOASTER

15. MASS SPECTROSCOPE

16. ARC WELDER

17. PROTON

18. DEPTH BOMB

19. VITAMIN B

20. RADIO TUBE TRIOD

Women's Fashion 1910 - 1920 - Corsets

When I first set out to research women's fashions between 1910 and 1920, I had no idea what I was about to discover. I expected to put up some pretty pictures and report on easy concepts such as hemlines and gown shapes, but with my art history background, I should not have been surprised to find that fashion, like most other socially driven forms of artistic expression such as art and film, are heavily influenced by the surrounding cultural environment. Soon, I fell down the rabbit hole and was caught up in reading about the suffrage movement and efforts at labor and dress reform as well as learning about World War I which had a very surprising and pivotal role in the elimination of a major component of women's fashion, the corset.

World Sports History Timeline 1911-1920

Athletics Baseball CricketTenni

sFootball (NFL)

Hockey

Basketball

FA Cup - Bradford City beat Newcastle United 1–0

Birth of Betty Robinson, American athlete (Aug 23)

World Series - Philadelphia Athletics defeat New York Giants, 4 games to 2

J.J. McDermott becomes the first native-born American to win the U.S. Open. At 17 years of age, he is also the youngest winner

FA Cup - Barnsley beat West Bromwich Albion 1–0 World Series - Boston Red Sox defeat New York Giants, 4 games

Triangular Test tournament played between England, Australia, and South Africa

John Ball wins his eighth British Amateur championship, a

to 3 with one tiein England. England won, Australia second.

record not yet equalled.

World Series - Philadelphia Athletics defeat New York Giants, 4 games to 1.

Francis Ouimet, age 20, becomes the first amateur to win the U.S. Open, defeating

favorites Harry Vardon and Ted

international match is played between France and the United

States at La Boulie, France.

World Series - Boston Braves defeat Philadelphia Athletics, 4 games to 0.

Formation of The Tokyo Club at Komozawa kicks off the

Harry Vardon wins his sixth Open Championship, a record to

this day (Peter Thomson and Tom Watson have since won

World Series - Boston Red Sox defeat Philadelphia Phillies, 4 games to 1

The Open Championship is discontinued for the duration of

Manchester United vs. Arsenal, Football Match at Old

World Series - Boston Red Sox defeat Brooklyn Dodgers, 4 games to 1

The PGA of America is founded by 82 charter members and the

inaugurated. Jim Barnes is the

The first miniature golf course opens in Pinehurst, North

World Series - Chicago White Sox defeat New York Giants, 4 games to 2

The PGA Championship and the U.S. Open are discontinued for the duration of the First World

World Series - Boston Red Sox defeat Chicago Cubs, 4 games to 2

Arsenal controversially win promotion from the Second Division despite only finishing fifth, at the

World Series - Cincinnati Reds defeat Chicago White Sox, 5 games to 3.

The Green Bay Packers established in Green Bay, Wisconsin

The R & A assumes control over The Open Championship (British

Open) and The Amateur Championship (British

Pebble Beach Golf Links opens as the Del Monte G.L. in Pebble

FA Cup - Aston Villa beat Huddersfield Town 1-0

First Division - West Bromwich Albion win the

World Series - Cleveland Indians defeat Brooklyn Dodgers, 5 games to 2

The National Football League is formed as the American Professional Football Association in Canton, Ohio on September 17.

The USGA founds its famed Green Section to conduct

research on turfgrass.

The first practice range is opened in Pinehurst, North

Athletics Baseball CricketTenni

sFootball (NFL)

Hockey

Basketball

Movies History Timeline 1911 - 1920

Records

Inventions Articles Awards Movies

The first feature film is released when the two

Pennsylvania became the first state to pass a

Pathe's Weekly was the first regularly-released US newsreel.

The first American serial film was the Edison Photoplay debuts as the first magazine for movie fans

Oliver Twist, was released - it was the first US feature film to last over an hour.

John Randolph Bray's first animated film, The Artist's Dream (aka The Dachshund and the Sausage), the first animated cartoon made in the U.S. by modern techniques was the first to use 'cels' - transparent drawings laid over a fixed background

Winsor McCay unleashes Gertie the Dinosaur, The first feature-length color film, The World, the Flesh, and the Devil, in Kinemacolor, premiered in London.

Commission of Ohio, the Supreme Court ruled The Bell & Howell 2709 movie camera allowed directors to film close-ups without physically moving the camera.

The Birth of a Nation released.

D.W. Griffith's expensive follow-up film to The Birth of a Nation (1915) was the monumental historical and dramatic epic Intolerance, told with parallel cross-cutting between its four stories, symbolically linked by the image of Lillian Gish rocking a child

The first African-American owned studio, The Lincoln Motion Picture Company, was founded.

Max Fleischer invented the rotoscope to streamline the frame-by-frame copying process. It was a device used to overlay drawings on live-action film.

The four Warner brothers, Jack, Albert, Harry The first Tarzan film, the black and white Tarzan of the Apes, premiered at the Broadway Theater in New York

The technique of test screenings of films to obtain audience feedback was pioneered by Harold Lloyd.

Max and Dave Fleischer's "Out of the Inkwell" series premiered, introducing KoKo the Clown, one of the first animated characters.

Records

Inventions Articles Awards Movies

Olympics History Timeline 1911 - 1920

Records

Nations participating

Athletes participating

No. of Events

News

  Young Olympic Games, c.1914 Giclee PrintElzingre   Buy at AllPosters.com

United States finished in first position in the final medal rankings, with 25 gold medals and 63 medals overall.

Sweden finished in second position in the final medal rankings, with 24 gold medals and 65 medals overall.

28 2407102 in 14 sports

The 1912 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the V Olympiad, were held in 1912 in Stockholm, Sweden

Most notable case of an athlete losing Olympic eligibility for violation the amateur code is that of the 1912 gold medalist Jim Thorpe of the United States. Thorpe was stripped of his Olympic medals because he has earned a small amount of money playing semi-professional baseball two years before the 1912 Stockholm Games. Jim Thorpe was an American Indian, who won both the decathlon and pentathlon in Stockholm; Thorpe was eventually honored as the greatest athlete of the first half of the 20th century.

For the first time, competitors in the Games came from all five continents symbolized in the Olympic rings. It was also the last time that solid gold medals were awarded; modern medals are usually gold coated silver. The main arena was Stockholms Olympiastadion.

Baron Pierre de Coubertin designed the Olympic emblem in 1913. In his words, "These 5 rings represent the union of the five continents and the meeting of athletes from throughout the world at the Olympic Games. The colors were chosen because at least one of these colors is found in the flag of every nation.   

Olympic Water Polo Pre-Matted PrintBuy at AllPosters.com

  Miss Broquedis, Olympic Tennis Champion, Front Cover of "Femina," Issue 278, 15th August 1912 Giclee PrintFrench School   Buy at AllPosters.com

The anticipated 1916 Summer Olympics, which were to be officially known as the Games of the VI Olympiad, were to have been held in Berlin, Germany. At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, organization continued, as no one foresaw the war dragging on for four years.

The USA won 41 Gold, 27 Silver, and 27 Bronze medals, the most won by any of the 29 nations attending. Sweden, Great Britain, Finland and Belgium round out the top 5 medal

29 2626154 in 22 sports

The 1920 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the VII Olympiad, were held in 1920 in Antwerp, Belgium

These Olympics were the first in which the Olympic Oath was uttered, the first in which doves were released to symbolize peace, and was the first time the Olympic Flag was flown.

At the age of 72, Sweden's running deer double-shot event champion Oscar Swahn won in the team event to become the oldest Olympic champion ever.

Records

Nations participating

Athletes participating

No. of Events

News

1910s TimelineTimeline of the 20th Century

By Jennifer Rosenberg, About.com Guide

See More About:

20th century timeline

1910s timeline

1910s

1900s | 1910s | 1920s | 1930s | 1940s | 1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s

1910

Boy Scouts Established in U.S.

Halley's Comet Makes an Appearance

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1911

The Chinese Revolution

Ernest Rutherford Discovers the Structure of an Atom

The Incan City of Machu Picchu Discovered

Mona Lisa Is Stolen

Roald Amundsen Reaches the South Pole

Standard Oil Company Broken Up

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Catches on Fire

1912

Oreo Cookies First Introduced

Parachutes Invented

Piltdown Man, the "Missing Link," Discovered (Fraud)

The Titanic Sinks

1913

First Crossword Puzzle

Henry Ford Creates Assembly Line

Los Angeles Owens Valley Aquaduct Opened

Personal Income Tax Introduced in U.S.

1914

Archduke Ferdinand Assassinated

Battle of the Marne

Charlie Chaplin First Appeared as the Little Tramp

First Traffic Light

Panama Canal Officially Opened

World War I Begins

1915

Armenian Genocide

D.W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation Released

Germans Use Poison Gas as a Weapon

Lusitania   Sunk by German U-Boat

Second Battle of Ypres

1916

Battle of the Somme

Battle of Verdun

Easter Rising in Ireland

First Self-Service Grocery Store Opens in U.S.

1917

First Pulitzer Prizes Awarded

Mata Hari Executed for Being a Spy

Russian Revolution

U.S. Enters World War IAdsAutomobile Trade FairsAll Dates and Infos - automobile Exhibitons in southern Germanywww.bw-fairs.de/automobilBuild your family treeDiscover your ancestry, find long lost relatives, family tree search.www.GeneBase.com

1918

1918 Spanish Flu Pandemic

Daylight Saving Time Introduced

Russian Czar Nicholas II and His Family are Killed

1919

Treaty of Versailles Ends World War I

Before we begin our discussion of ladies' fashions, let's briefly discuss the underpinnings which shaped the body according to society's idea of what a woman's body should look like. Corsets were first invented in the 16th century and their shape changed many times over the years as clothing fashions changed. During the Victorian era, corsets were brutally tightened to create the wasp waist that was thought to be the ideal. In the late 1800s, a movement began that aimed to reform women's clothing to make women's dress more "rational" and comfortable. The Edwardian or "S-bend" style corset had a straight front and was worn from about 1900 to 1910. This new style was an early attempt at a healthier corset because it was designed to reduce squeezing around the waistline. The straight front forced an artificial posture on the body, making the torso lean forward, creating an S-shaped profile. This is rather dramatically illustrated in this ad (dated 1900) for a new style Coronet corset shown to the left.

On the right, this shopping catalog page from 1902-1903 shows the different shape of the straight front corset. The corset still curves on the side, but the rigid front panel reduces overall constriction around the waist reducing the compression on the abdominal area. (If you right click and view the image, it will enlarge slightly so you can see more detail.)

After 1907, the corset became longer and straighter to better support the higher waisted, columnar style of gown popular during the early 1910s. In this catalog illustration from 1913, you can see just how long and straight the corset had become by then. The corset now starts under the bust and extends over the hips to the mid-thigh area.

If you are interested in viewing historical examples of actual corsets from different time periods, you can visit The Antique Corset Gallery. I was impressed at how beautiful the fabrics and trims are.

In 1917, in response to a shortage of steel, the War Industries Board asked women to stop buying corsets in order to support the war effort. It is said that this action freed up enough steel to build two battleships. Also, there was a large increase of women in the workforce as the men went off to fight in the war. Corsets, being rigid as they were, did not allow women to move as they needed to while working, so working women wore them less frequently. When the war was over, so was the heyday of the corset. From then on, the newly invented brassiere and girdle became the standard body shaping garments.

There will be additional installments discussing the additional elements of 1910s fashion so be sure to sign up for my newsletter so you don't miss out on the latest segment!

This lends breadth to the face and is particularly pleasing from any point of view. It does not necessitate the use of extra hair in front, nor at all, unless the hair is thin and needs supplementing with a few puffs at each

side where the braids or coils end.

This is the back view of the style on the previous page. The hair is parted on one side, arranged in two braids and crossed at the back, the ends finished in several puffs back of the ears.

Another arrangement shows the hair parted in the middle, brushed down loosely to the nape of the neck and then arranged in Psyche puffs at the back of the head. The two curls which fall into the neck from the base of the Psyche arrangement soften wonderfully any harsh lines of neck or

face.

This type of hair-dressing is very popular and always pretty as it utilizes her own locks for the coils, and studies to avoid any appearances of artificiality. Much brushing will keep the hair soft and glossy, and if the sides and front of the hair are put up on curlers at night it will fluff prettily about the face. A wide barrette is considered almost an essential for this manner of wearing the hair, being curved to fit the shape of the head. It holds the hair in place and allows no stray locks to mar the neatness of the ensemble.

Equally popular, but more individual because it must be worn with impunity, is the wearing of the Grecian band. With this the hair is arranged high at the back, being careful to preserve full, even outlines. For wear with this band the hair may be coiled or puffed or done in curls which hang as they will. One of the most fascinating uses of this band is with the center parting, the hair drawn out loosely over the ears and pinned in loose coils at the back. In this the band is often lost to view at the back. In this illustration, one of these bands in Empire style and fastened with an ornament is shown. Many of these decorated bands are very beautiful, but they do not suit all wearers. Some prefer the plain satin, velvet, or metallic ribbons for the purpose.

Besides tortoise-shell and its imitations, jet is much used and is very beautiful on certain shades of dark hair. The comb and coronet shown are worn with the hair parted and dressed low. The ornamental top of the comb is attached by a hinge. The barrette of jet has a transparent center of fine wire to which the bow-knot is fastened.

The comb shown is one of a pleasing type, showing brilliants set in platinum. The barrette at right is of gold or gilt finish and of Empire design.

In the years 1910 and 1911, there was a minor economic depression known as the Panic of 1910-1911, which was followed by the enforcement of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.

1912 Summer Olympics were held in Stockholm, Sweden.

1916 Summer Olympics were canceled because of World War I.

1910sFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is in a list format that may be better presented using prose. You can help by converting this article to prose, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (February 2010)

From left, clockwise: The Model T Ford is introduced and becomes widespread; The sinking of the R.M.S. Titanic causes the

deaths of nearly 1,500 people and attracts global and historical attention; Title bar: All the events below are part ofWorld

War I (1914–1918); French Army lookout at his observation post in 1917; Russian troops awaiting a German attack; A ration

party of the Royal Irish Rifles in a communication trench during the Battle of the Somme; Vladimir Lenin addresses a crowd

in the midst of the October Revolution of 1917; A flu pandemic in 1918 kills tens of millions worldwide.

Millennium: 2nd millennium

Centuries: 19th century – 20th century – 21st century

Decades: 1880s 1890s 1900s – 1910s – 1920s 1930s 1940s

Years: 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919

Categories: Births – Deaths – Architecture

Establishments – Disestablishments

The 1910s was the decade that started on January 1, 1910 and ended on December 31, 1919. It was the

second decade of the 20th century.

Contents

[hide]

1 Worldwide trends

2 Politics and wars

o 2.1 Wars

o 2.2 Internal conflicts

o 2.3 Major political changes

o 2.4 Decolonization and independence

3 Assassinations

4 Disasters

5 Other significant international events

6 Science and technology

o 6.1 Technology

o 6.2 Science

7 Economics

8 Popular culture

o 8.1 Sports

o 8.2 Literature and arts

o 8.3 Visual Arts

8.3.1 Art movements

8.3.1.1 Cubism and related movements

8.3.1.2 Expressionism and related movements

8.3.1.3 Geometric abstraction and related movements

8.3.1.4 Other movements and techniques

9 People

o 9.1 World leaders

o 9.2 Entertainers

o 9.3 Influential artists

o 9.4 Sports figures

9.4.1 Baseball

9.4.2 Olympics

9.4.3 Boxing

10 See also

o 10.1 Timeline

11 References

[edit]Worldwide trends

The 1910s represented the culmination of European militarism which had its beginnings during the second half

of the 19th century. The conservative lifestyles during the first half of the decade, as well as the legacy

of military alliances, was forever changed by the assassination, on June 28, 1914, of Archduke Franz

Ferdinand, the heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne. The murder triggered a chain of events in

which, within 30 days, World War I broke out in Europe. The conflict dragged on until a truce was declared on

November 10, 1918, leading to the controversial, one-sided Treaty of Versailles, which was signed on June 28,

1919.

The war's end triggered the abdication of aging monarchies and the collapse of the last modern empires

of Russia, Germany, the Ottomans and Austria-Hungary, with the latter splintered into Austria, Hungary,

southern Poland (who acquired most of their land in a war with Soviet Russia), Czechoslovakia and

Yugoslavia, as well as the unification of Romania with Transylvania and Moldavia. However, each of these

states (with the possible exception of Yugoslavia) had large German and Hungarian minorities, there creating

some unexpected problems that would be brought to light in the next two decades. (See Dissolution of Austro-

Hungrarian Empire: Successor States for better description of composition of names of successor

countries/states following the splinter.)

The decade was also a period of revolution in a number of countries. The Mexican Revolution spear-headed

the trend in November 1910, which led to the ousting of dictator Porfirio Diaz, developing into a civil war that

dragged on until mid-1920, not long after a new Mexican Constitution was signed and ratified. Russia also had

a similar fate, since World War I led to a collapse in morale as well as to economic chaos. This atmosphere

encouraged the establishment ofBolshevism, which was later renamed as communism. Like the Mexican

Revolution, the Russian Revolution of 1917, known as the October Revolution, immediately turned to Russian

Civil War that dragged until approximately late 1920.

Much of the music in these years was ballroom-themed. Many of the fashionable restaurants were equipped

with dance floors. Prohibition in the United States began January 16, 1919, with the ratification of

the Eighteenth Amendment to theU.S.Constitution.

[edit]Politics and wars

[edit]Wars

World War I.

World War I  (1914–1918)

Assassination  of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in Sarajevo leads to World War I

Germany  signs the Treaty of Versailles after losing the first world war.

Armenian Genocide  during and just after World War I. It was characterised by the use

of massacres and deportations involving forced marches under conditions designed to lead to the death of

the deportees, with the total number of Armenian deaths generally held to have been between one and

one-and-a-half million.[1][2][3]

Wadai War  (1909–1911)

First Balkan Wars  (1912–1913) – two wars that took place in South-eastern Europe in 1912 and 1913.

[edit]Internal conflicts

October Revolution  in Russia leads to the first Communist government; political upheaval in Russia

culminating in Communist takeover of the country and the assassination of Emperor Nicholas II and the

royal family.

The Russian Revolution (1917)  is the collective term for the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which

destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union.

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre in British Raj India sows the seeds of discontent and leads to the birth of

the Indian Independence Movement.

Xinhai Revolution  causes the overthrow of China's ruling Qing Dynasty, and the establishment of

the Republic of China.

Mexican Revolution  (1910–1911) Francisco I. Madero proclaims the elections of 1910 null and void, and

calls for an armed revolution at 6 p.m. against the illegitimate presidency/dictatorship ofPorfirio Díaz. The

revolution lead to the ouster of Porfirio Díaz (who ruled from 1876 to 1880 and since 1884) six months

later. The Revolution progressively becomes a civil war with multiple factions and phases, culminating with

the Mexican Constitution of 1917, but combat would persist for three more years.

[edit]Major political changes

Trotsky, Vladimir Lenin and Kamenev at the Second Party Congress of the Communist Party of Russia in 1919.

Germany abolishes its monarchy and becomes under the rule of a new elected government called

the Weimar Republic.

George V  becomes king in Britain.

Dissolution of the German colonial empire, Austria-Hungary and the Russian Empire, reorganization of

European states' territorial boundaries, and the creation of several new European states and territorial

entities: Austria, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Finland, Free City of

Danzig, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Saar, briefly the Ukraine, and Yugoslavia.

Fourteen Points  as designed by United States President Woodrow Wilson advocates the right of all

nations to self-determination.

Rise to power of the Bolsheviks in Russia under Vladimir Lenin, creating the Russian Soviet Federated

Socialist Republic, the first state committed to the establishment of communism.

[edit]Decolonization and independence

Easter Rising  against the British in Ireland; eventually leads to Irish independence.

Several nations in Eastern Europe get their own nation state, thereby replacing major multiethnic empires.

The Republic of China  is established on 1 January 1912.

[edit]Assassinations

This section requires expansion.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

The 1910s were marked by several notable assassinations:

28 June 1914 – Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in Sarajevo leads to World

War I

16/17 July 1918 – Assassination of Nicholas II of Russia and his family.

[edit]Disasters

This section requires expansion.

Sinking of the Titanic.

The RMS   Titanic , a British ocean liner which was the largest and most elegant ship at that time, strikes

an iceberg and sinks in the North Atlantic during its maiden voyage on 15 April 1912. 1,517 people

perished in the disaster.

On 7 May 1915, the British ocean liner RMS   Lusitania  is torpedoed by U-20, a German U-boat, off the Old

Head of Kinsale in Ireland and sinks in 18 minutes. 1,198 lives are lost, including 128 Americans. The

sinking proves to be a factor in the American decision to enter World War I two years later.

From 1918 through 1920, the Spanish flu killed 20 to 100 million people worldwide.

In 1916, the Netherlands is hit by a North Sea storm that floods the lowlands and kills 10,000 people.

[edit]Other significant international events

The Panama Canal is completed in 1914.

World War I  from 1914 until 1918 dominates the Western world.

Hiram Bingham  rediscovers Machu Picchu on July 24, 1911.

[edit]Science and technology

[edit]Technology

British World War I Mark V tank

Gideon Sundback  patented the first modern zipper.

Harry Brearley  invented stainless steel.

Charles Strite  invented the first pop-up bread toaster.

The Ford Model T dominated the automobile market, selling more than all other makers combined in 1914.

The army tank was invented. Tanks in World War I were used by the British Army, the French Army and

the German Army.

[edit]Science

Albert Einstein 's theory of general relativity.

Max von Laue  discovers the diffraction of x-rays by crystals.

Alfred Wegener  puts forward his theory of continental drift.

[edit]Economics

This section is empty. You can help

by adding to it.

In the years 1910 and 1911, there was a minor economic depression known as the Panic of 1910-1911,

which was followed by the enforcement of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.

[edit]Popular culture

Radio programming  becomes popular.

Flying Squadron of America  promotes temperance movement in the U.S.

Edith Smith Davis  edits the Temperance Educational Quarterly.

The first U.S. feature film, Oliver Twist, was released in 1912.

The first mob film, D. W. Griffith's The Musketeers of Pig Alley was released in 1912.

Hollywood  replaces the East Coast as the center of the movie industry.

Charlie Chaplin  débuts his trademark mustached, baggy-pants 'Little Tramp' character in Kid Auto Races

at Venice in 1914.

The first African American owned studio, the Lincoln Motion Picture Company, was founded in 1917.

The four Warner brothers, (from older to younger) Harry, Albert, Samuel, and Jack opened their first West

Coast studio in 1918.

First Crossword Puzzle.

The first Jazz music is recorded.

The Salvation Army has a new international leader, General Bramwell Booth who served from 1912 to

1929. He replaces his father and co-founder of the Christian Mission (the forerunner of the Salvation

Army), William Booth.

[edit]Sports

1912 Summer Olympics  were held in Stockholm, Sweden.

1916 Summer Olympics  were canceled because of World War I.

[edit]Literature and arts

See also: List of years in literature#1910s

D. H. Lawrence publishes Sons and Lovers

Of Human Bondage by Somerset Maugham is

published

Tarzan of the Apes by Edgar Rice Burroughs is

published

Zane Grey 's Wild Fire (book) is published

Dubliners and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young

Man by James Joyce are published

Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw is published

Thomas Mann publishes Death in Venice

Willa Cather publishes Alexander's Bridge, O

Pioneers!, The Song of the Lark and My Ántonia

End of Art Nouveau and beginning of Art Deco

[edit]Visual Arts

See also: Armory Show and History of painting

The 1913 Armory Show in New York City was a seminal event in the history of Modern Art. Innovative

contemporaneous artists from Europe and the United States exhibited together in a massive group exhibition in

New York City, andChicago.

[edit]Art movements

[edit]Cubism and related movements

Analytic Cubism

Synthetic Cubism

Orphism

Section d'Or

Synchromism

Futurism [edit]Expressionism and related movements

Symbolism

Blaue Reiter

Die Brücke

[edit]Geometric abstraction and related movements

Suprematism

De Stijl

Constructivism [edit]Other movements and techniques

Surrealism

Dada

Collage

[edit]People

[edit]World leaders

Prime Minister Andrew Fisher (Australia)

Prime Minister Joseph Cook (Australia)

Prime Minister Billy Hughes (Australia)

Emperor Franz Josef (Austria-Hungary)

Sultan Vahidettin (Ottoman Empire)

Ahmad Shah Qajar (Persia)

Tsar Nicholas II (Russia)

Minister-Chairman Georgy Lvov (Russia)

Emperor Karl (Austria-Hungary)

Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden (Canada)

Emperor Henry Pu Yi of the Qing

Dynasty (China)

Sun Yat-sen , President of the Republic of China

Yuan Shikai , President of the Republic of

China and briefly Emperor

Xu Shichang , President of the Republic of China

Sultan Hussein Kamel of Egypt

Sultan Fuad I of Egypt

Kaiser Wilhelm II (Germany)

Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann

Hollweg (Germany)

King Victor Emmanuel III (Italy)

Pope Pius X

Pope Benedict XV

Minister-Chairman Alexander Kerensky (Russia)

Chairman Lev Kamenev (Russia)

King Peter I of Serbia

King Alfonso XIII (Spain)

Prime Minister José Canalejas (Spain)

Prime Minister Eduardo Dato Iradier (Spain)

King George V (United Kingdom of Great Britain and

Ireland)

Prime Minister H. H. Asquith (United Kingdom of Great

Britain and Ireland)

Prime Minister David Lloyd George (United Kingdom of

Great Britain and Ireland)

President William Howard Taft (United States)

President Woodrow Wilson (United States)

[edit]Entertainers

Fatty Arbuckle

Theda Bara

Richard Barthelmess

Béla Bartók

Irving Berlin

Ben Black

Eubie Blake

Shelton Brooks

Lew Brown

Tom Brown

Anne Caldwell

Eddie Cantor

Enrico Caruso

Charlie Chaplin

Lon Chaney

George M. Cohan

Douglas Fairbanks

Fred Fisher

John Ford

George Gershwin

Beniamino Gigli

Dorothy Gish

Lillian Gish

Samuel Goldwyn

D. W. Griffith

W. C. Handy

Otto Harbach

Lorenz Hart

Victor Herbert

Harry Houdini

Charles Ives

Tony Jackson

Ring Lardner

Nick LaRocca

Harry Lauder

Florence Lawrence

Ted Lewis

Harold Lloyd

Charles McCarron

Joseph McCarthy

Winsor McCay

Oscar Micheaux

Mae Murray

Alla Nazimova

Pola Negri

Anna Q. Nilsson

Ivor Novello

Alcide Nunez

Sigmund Romberg

Jean Schwartz

Mack Sennett

Larry Shields

Chris Smith

Erich von Stroheim

Arthur Sullivan

Gloria Swanson

Wilber Sweatman

Blanche Sweet

Albert Von Tilzer

Harry Von Tilzer

Sophie Tucker

Pete Wendling

Pearl White

Bert Williams

Henry Creamer

Bebe Daniels

Cecil B. DeMille

Buddy De Sylva

Walter Donaldson

Marie Dressler

Eddie Edwards

Gus Edwards

Emil Jannings

William Jerome

Al Jolson

Gus Kahn

Gustave Kahn

Buster Keaton

Jerome David Kern

Geoffrey O'Hara

Sidney Olcott

Jack Pickford

Mary Pickford

Armand J. Piron

Cole Porter

Richard Rodgers

Clarence Williams

Harry Williams

Spencer Williams

P. G. Wodehouse

Mabel Normand

[edit]Influential artists

Pablo Picasso

Georges Braque

Henri Matisse

Marcel Duchamp

Wassily Kandinsky

Kasimir Malevich

Giorgio De Chirico

[edit]Sports figures

[edit]Baseball

See also: History of baseball in the United States

Honus Wagner , (American baseball player)

Christy Mathewson , (American baseball player)

Walter Johnson , (American baseball player)

Ty Cobb , (American baseball player)

Tris Speaker , (American baseball player)

Nap Lajoie , (American baseball player)

Eddie Collins , (American baseball player)

[edit]Olympics

See also: Art competitions at the Olympic Games

Jim Thorpe

[edit]Boxing

Jack Dempsey

Jess Willard

[edit]See also

1910s in literature

[edit]Timeline