Tilapia 2014

Tilapia Aquaculture An Overview: Nutrition and Feed Tchnology

Tilapia Global Supply and Demand in 2014.

Kevin Fitzsimmons, Ph.D.University of Arizona, Professor of Environmental ScienceWorld Aquaculture Society, Past-PresidentAquaculture without Frontiers, Past-ChairmanNew OrleansFebruary 2015

Tilapia: continuing to increase in popularity globallyTilapias are second only to the carps as a farmed food fish.In 2012 the global volume of farmed fish exceeded global volume of beef for the first time (FAO)Tilapia have unique characteristics that will facilitate its continued growth to someday surpass carp production.Global production of some major farmed fishesMetric tons per year

2008 Tilapia exports from China2012 Tilapia exports from China

Global production of tilapiaTop Ten Seafoods (U.S.)per capita (lbs)

US Consumption of tilapia from domestic and imported sources

Percentage of US finfish grocery sales: weekly sales averaged $608 per storeUS Tilapia consumption (imports and domestic)465,953 mt of live weight (equivalent 2009)579,443 mt of live weight (equivalent 2010)513,361 mt of live weight (equivalent 2011)613,406 mt of live weight (equivalent 2012)660,762 mt of live weight (equivalent 2013)633,759 mt of live weight equivalent 2014)

$842,866,006(2010), $838,349,634(2011), $986,127,852 (2012), $1,034,501,000 (2013)$1,114,646,000 (2014)Imports to US in 2014 were $1,114,646,000 US production of about 30,000,000 lbs at farm2014 US tilapia farm-gate sales were about$90,000,0002014 US Tilapia Sales estimate $1,114,646,000 + $90,000,000 = $ 1,204,646,000US Sales of tilapiaSelective breeding and genetic improvementsExcellent breeding programs - G.I.F.T. - Malaysia- Acuaplan - Mexico- Genomar - Brasil and Norway- Chitralada Thailand- TabTim Thailand (CP Group)- GIFT Excell Philippines- Molobicus - Philippines- GIFT BangladeshSeveral in Israel YY Supermale - Philippines and Swansea, Egypt and Indonesia

Genetic improvements in tilapia

(From: Mair, G., 2002)Tilapia Genome ProjectMarch 2011 - First assembly of the tilapia genomeOreochromis niloticus Nile Tilapiahttp://www.broadinstitute.org/ftp/pub/assemblies/fish/tilapia/Orenil1/Matching many segments to those known from other fishPublically available and freely accessibleNext frontier of genetic program for tilapia

The YY male technology

(GMT)Regions of rapid production growthVietnam conversion of catfish cages to tilapia in Mekong, and culture in all regionsIndonesia cage culture, polycultures, rice cultureMalaysia government support and private sector investmentBangladesh government support and private sector investmentBrasil lots of available water, labor, land, feedThailand better reporting, shrimp polycultureMexico continued intensification, some govt support, large and small private investmentsSub-Saharan Africa - commercializationMexico4,623 licensed tilapia farms out of 9,230 total aquaculture licenses in all of Mexico20,000 ton Dos Lagos farm in ChiapasSecond farm now started, also by Regal Springs2013 sales of 1,343,000,000 pesos($103,000,000 US)

NepalLive tilapia salesFarmed in south near Indian border, sold in Kathmandu and Pokhara

Pathways in the use of tilapia as biomanipulator (and disease control?) in shrimp farms for Vibrios and EMS Promotion of Chlorella dominanceBioturbation of sedimentProduction of natural antimicrobialsFeeding on organic wasteIMPROVED SEDIMENT QUALITYIMPROVED WATER QUALITYSUPRESSION OF GROWTH OF V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus ?

Stocking and harvest schedule

Improvements in packaging

Traditional product formsYangon BBQ tilapia

Mexican-American street foods

Courtesy:Randall BrummettByproducts - Tilapia Leather

Tilapia skin furniture from Brazil

Tilapia scales for flowers and skins for shoes

Pet treats

Tilapia pedicures and manicures

Global Tilapia Market TrendsPrices have been constant, only fresh fillets have increased significantly, will not see increases beyond inflation

$/kg36Tilapia Global Aquaculture ProductionSources: 1990-2009: FAO and Kevin Fitzsimmons; 2010-2012: Average of Helga Josupeit and Kevin Fitzsimmons estimates; 2013: Kevin Fitzsimmons; Prices US import frozen tilapia Jan- Jun: NMFSGOAL 07 Fish Production Estimates & Trends - Ragnar Tveteras3636Farmed Mexican tilapia fillets in Tucson, Arizona Safeway

$15/kg

Global Aquaculture Tilapia SalesFor year 2000 =US $ 1,615,321,000 (FAO FishStat 2007)2005 sales = $ 2,457,312,000(FAO FishStat 2007)2010 sales = $ 5,680,410,000(FAO FishStat 2012)2012 sales = $ 7,656,257,000(FAO FishStat 2014)2014 sales > $ 10,000,000,000

Bangladesh tilapia aquaculture

Future global tilapia aquaculture

ISTA 11 Surabaya, IndonesiaIn conjunction with WAS Asia-Pacific ChapterRegal Springs, Surya University, Matahari Sakti Feeds, AquaFish Innovation Lab, WorldFish, andAquaculture without FrontiersApril 26-29, 2016ConclusionsGlobal tilapia production was 4,507,002 metric tons in 2012 (FAO, 2014), should exceed 4,850,000 MT in 2014 and 5,000,000 in 2015. (6% growth)Constantly improving farming, processing and packaging for food safety, quality assurance, traceability, and environmental safeguards (with little, if any, increase in price).Other aquaculture species will follow the tilapia model.

ConclusionsTilapia has long been called the aquatic chicken.Instead... The terrestrial tilapia

Buy TILAPIAThank youQuestions?Tilapia: the most fun aquaculture species of the 21st centuryhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bh2673ncWJgWorld Production16500007800002850001000002500007300031500073020016000055000290004300010500028000250005500048000130003800102000

World Tilapia Production of 4,850,000 mt in 2014

Data 2004 - 20102014 est2013 est2012 est2011 est2010 est2009200820072,0062,0052004China1,650,0001,600,0001,380,0001,300,0001,332,1871,150,0001,110,2981,133,6111,110,000978,000897300Egypt780,000768,000600,000557,049557,049386,186290,000265,862250,000240,000220,000Philippines285,000275,000285,000275,000258839300,000257,132241,183185,000122,277122,277Mexico100,000100,000100,000100,000100,000100,000100,000100,000100,00090,00090,000Thailand250,000220,000270,000250,000200,000300,000300,000190,246130,000120,000100,000Taiwan73,00073,00075,00075,00074,88867,31780,00076,09772,58190,00090,000Brasil315,000300,000280,000253,926155,451132,95896,00095,091100,00086,40069,078Indonesia730,200717,813520,000500,000458,752310,000308,000206,904200,000169,310169,310Bangladesh160,000140,000136,000104,71690,00067,00067,00050,00040,00030,00025,000Colombia55,00052,00052,00050,00049,89343,00043,00040,00038,65640,00040,000Ghana29,00026,00050050051020,00020,00020,00020,00039,00039,000Ecuador43,00048,00053,00050,00047,73339,00039,00036,70836,00035,00035,000Vietnam105,00095,00085,00080,00076,00075,00070,00065,00060,00054,48725,000Costa Rica28,00028,00028,00025,00023,03422,00021,18020,00020,00017,00017,000Honduras25,00025,00025,00022,00016,45535,00034,00028,35630,00015,00015,000Malaysia55,00052,00043,00040,00038,88638,00036,62432,02320,00015,000Myanmar48,00045,00042,00040185United States13,00013,00012,00010,0009,99210,0009,2009,2009,0009,0009,200Saudi Arabia3,8003,8003,4003,4003,4003,4433,443Others102,00096,000243,000261,00039,00041,00040,00040,00040,00040,00040,0004,850,0004,677,6134,232,9003,957,5913,532,0693,139,9042,924,8772,650,2812,461,2372,190,4742,003,1653,497,391

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Figure 1. World Production629000900009228410000010200052755270005000015000650009200230003900050000

World Tilapia Production in 2001

Figure 3.Increase in production189425.5375067226951329666244137375065285390394472309106416519363380420908397601496727415070.5585230501261.5578302560133.55282466043975324577111605944658211165608659381695621759726945979881099268636758122000068000413442396781571491232662276168363768966120101757543952134604743759234865671878326009087699362917000770000307800077900034973917800003957949790000450790080000046770008000004850000800000

AquacultureFisheryMetric tons

Data 20042,00120042005China629,000897000978000Taiwan Prov.90,000Philippines92,284Thailand100,000Mexico102,000Egypt52,755Ecuador27,000Indonesia50,000Costa Rica15,000Brasil65,000United States9,200Colombia23,000Cuba39,000Others50,0001,344,2391984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014 (est)Fishery375,067329,666375,065394,472416,519420,908496,727585,230578,302528,246532,457594,465560,865562,175597,988636,758680,004678,157662,276689,661754,395743,759718,783769,936770,000779,000780,000790,000800,000800,000800,000Aquaculture189,426226,951244,137285,390309,106363,380397,601415,071501,262560,134604,397711,160821,116938,169972,6941,099,2681,220,0001,344,2391,491,2321,683,6372,010,1752,134,6042,348,6562,600,9082,917,0003,078,0003,497,3913,957,9494,507,9004,677,0004,850,000

Figure 4. Ecuador Production

Figure 4. Ecuador Production182054255768068021292318250057511500025000

IHHN DiseaseTaura SyndromeWhite SpotYearProduction (mt)Figure 4. Tilapia Production in Ecuador

Figure 5. US Production & Consu198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002US Production (LWE)2700350049005700590068007,6817,6008,30081149,06880009,000Imports (LWE)4,41414,64522,16124,14728,07737,00042,54560,86561,79095426124,0004,41414,64522,16124,14728,07737,00042,54560,86561,79095426124,000

Figure 5. US Production & Consu

DomesticImportsTilapia (000's of kg of live weight)Consumption of tilapia from domestic and imported sources

Sheet119901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200118205425576806802,1292318250057511500025000

Sheet1182054255768068021292318250057511500025000

YearProduction (mt)Figure 4. Tilapia Production in Ecuador

China ProductionChina Production19801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020019000101001210014300181002380029500348003900089473126071119852157233191257235940314090394303485459525926561794629,182700000

Sheet12000200120022003200520062007200820092010201120122013Tuna 3Shrimp 3Shrimp 3.7Shrimp 4.0Shrimp 4.1Shrimp 4.4Shrimp 4.1Shrimp 4Shrimp 4.1Shrimp 4.0Shrimp 4.2Shrimp 3.8Shrimp 3.6Shrimp 3.2Tuna 2.9Tuna 3.1Tuna 3.4Tuna 3.1Tuna 2.9Tuna 2.7Tuna 2.8Tuna 2.5Tuna 2.7Tuna 2.6Tuna 2.4Salmon 2.7Pollock 1.6Salmon 2.0Salmon 2.0Salmon 2.2Salmon 2.4Salmon 2.0Salmon 2.4Salmon 1.8Salmon 2.0Salmon 2.0Salmon 2.0Salmon 2.0Tuna 2.3Salmon 1.5Pollock 1.2Pollock 1.1Pollock 1.7Pollock 1.5Pollock 1.6Pollock 1.7Pollock 1.34Pollock 1.45Tilapia 1.45Pollock 1.3Tilapia 1.5Tilapia 1.5Catfish 1.1Catfish 1.1Catfish 1.1Catfish 1.1Catfish 1.0Tilapia 1.0Tilapia 1.14Tilapia 1.19Tilapia 1.21Pollock 1.2Tilapia 1.3Pollock 1.2Pollock 1.1Cod 0.8Cod 0.6Cod 0.7Cod 0.6Tilapia 0.8Catfish 0.97Catfish 0.90Catfish 0.92Catfish 0.85Catfish 0.8Pangasius 0.6Pangasius 0.7Pangasius 0.7Clams 0.5Clams 0.5Crabs 0.6Crabs 0.6Crabs 0.6Crabs 0.7Crabs 0.68Crabs 0.61Crabs 0.59Crabs 0.6Catfish 0.6Crabs 0.5Cod 0.6Crabs 0.4Crabs 0.4Clams 0.5Tilapia 0.5Cod 0.6Cod 0.5Cod 0.47Cod 0.44Cod 0.42Cod 0.5Crabs 0.5Cod 0.5Catfish 0.6Flatfish 0.4Flatfish 0.4Tilapia 0.4Clams 0.5Clams 0.4Clams 0.4Clams 0.45Flatfish 0.43Clams 0.41Pangasius 0.4Cod 0.5Catfish 0.5Crabs 0.6Scallops 0.3Tilapia 0.4Flatfish 0.3Scallops 0.3Scallops 0.3Scallops 0.3Flatfish 0.32Clams 0.42Pangasius 0.35Clams 0.35Clams 0.3Clams 0.3Clams 0.3Tilapia 0.3

Chart1270019903500199149004413.8570014644.6590022160.8680024147.3768128076.7760037000.2830042545.4811460865.3906861790.180009542690001240009000177552880022000078002972108500359295900042800092004532649400475000950053000010000503360120006034061300063276215000603759

DomesticImportsTilapia (000's of kg of live weight)

Figure 1. World Production629000900009228410000010200052755270005000015000650009200230003900050000

World Tilapia Production in 2001

Figure 3.Increase in production189425.5316661226951268942244137315995285390329750309106356942363380359299397601433974415070.5523082501261.5516114560133.54712726043974657487111605334598211165226759381695183729726945546201099268122000013442391491232

AquacultureFisheryYearMetric tonsGlobal aquaculture production of tilapia

Data 20032,001China629,000Taiwan Prov.90,000Philippines92,284Thailand100,000Mexico102,000Egypt52,755Ecuador27,000Indonesia50,000Costa Rica15,000Brasil65,000United States9,200Colombia23,000Cuba39,000Others50,0001,344,2391984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002Fishery316,661268,942315,995329,750356,942359,299433,974523,082516,114471,272465,748533,459522,675518,372554,620Aquaculture189,426226,951244,137285,390309,106363,380397,601415,071501,262560,134604,397711,160821,116938,169972,6941,099,2681,220,0001,344,2391,491,232

Figure 4. Ecuador Production

Figure 4. Ecuador Production182054255768068021292318250057511500025000

IHHN DiseaseTaura SyndromeWhite SpotYearProduction (mt)Figure 4. Tilapia Production in Ecuador

Figure 5. US Production & Consu198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014US Production (LWE)2700350049005700590068007,6817,6008,30081149,06880009,00090008,80078008,50090009,20094009,5001000012,0001300015000Imports (LWE)4,41414,64522,16124,14728,07737,00042,54560,86561,79095426124,000177,552220,000297,210359,295428,000453,264475,000530,000503,3606034066327626037594,41414,64522,16124,14728,07737,00042,54560,86561,79095426124,000

Figure 5. US Production & Consu

DomesticImportsTilapia (000's of kg of live weight)Consumption of tilapia from domestic and imported sources

Sheet119901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200118205425576806802,1292318250057511500025000

Sheet1182054255768068021292318250057511500025000

YearProduction (mt)Figure 4. Tilapia Production in Ecuador

China ProductionChina Production19801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020019000101001210014300181002380029500348003900089473126071119852157233191257235940314090394303485459525926561794629,182700000

Chart150010002000300050008000100001700022000250003600043000490006900084000104600133140187000229000306410368295437000453264466000568443513361613406660762633759

EastMetric tons

Sheet119861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014East50010002000300050008000100001700022000250003600043000490006900084000104600133140187000229000306410368295437000453264466000568443513361613406660762633759

Chart1

Chart11088174461597447619432497522183328125962064816226649355614275119790859289758051716312911653849746836223895286139976521128380524183503170511421195981223729062258412542218886033866855416866801930873231697654.460839057289049943805248981693889484899914403128510199047784051053551640801160570001188560486250000013991414018324063769823521147988572243930174908237691679949663314430836035076019615244044759018290707684174538570450805716707416951662796916110741136551220214843929261001554979894793176334498733226570659828981988220007547520008092700019654800082851300089585000

Fillet FreshFillet FrozenWhole Frozen$ USValue of Tilapia product forms imported to the U.S.

Tilapia importskg (000)kg (000)kg (000)kg (000)kg (000)kg (000)kg (000)kg (000)kg (000)kg (000)1992199319941995199619971998199920002001Fillet Fresh2165868901460206328233590531070698611Fillet Frozen14561223472166169824992696497145115786Whole Frozen3028100461131812063152671912221534272932459127689$$$$$$$$$19921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014Fillet Fresh108817432497524816226790859211653849139976521705114225841254416866806083905781,693,889101,990,477116,057,000139,914,140147,988,572167,994,966196,152,440174,538,570166,279,691148,439,292176,334,498198,822,000196548000Fillet Frozen4615972183328649355689758057468362112838051195981222188860193087322890499448,489,99184,051,053118,856,048183,240,637243,930,174331,443,083447,590,182450,805,716611,074,113610,015,549733,226,570754752000828513000Whole Frozen44761941259620614275119171631292389528624183503237290623386685531697654.43805248944,031,28555,164,08062,500,00069,823,52190,823,76960,350,76090,707,68470,741,69565,512,20279,894,79365,982,89880,927,00089,585,000482,742,515559,788,809734,450,306696,085,981842,866,006838,349,634975,543,9661,034,501,0001,114,646,000

Fillet FreshFillet FrozenWhole Frozen$ USValue of Tilapia product forms imported to the U.S. 200219931993199319941994199419951995199519961996199619971997199719981998199819991999199920002000200020012001200120022002200232497522183328125962064816226649355614275119790859289758051716312911653849746836223895286139976521128380524183503170511421195981223729062258412542218886033866855416866801930873231697654.4608390572890499438052489816938894848999144031285

Tilapia imports

Fillet FreshFillet FrozenWhole FrozenMetric tonsFigure 1. Tilapia product forms imported to the U.S.

Tilapia consumption

Fillet FreshFillet FrozenWhole Frozen$ USFigure 2. Value of Tilapia product forms imported to the U.S.

Sheet3METRIC TONS199319941995199619971998199920002001Fillet Fresh586890146020632823359053107069Fillet Frozen6122347216616982499269649714511Whole Frozen1004611318120631526719122215342729324591Live Sales568259006852750686369089

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Sheet16

Grfico25.043.181.4855.543.571.2555.412.771.264.85.424.141.424.75.654.41.574.74.964.521.264.64.754.441.014.44.874.461.244.35.934.481.214.45.943.930.984.45.763.961.084.25.683.621.124.45.473.361.314.56.153.291.234.86.43.71.24.86.63.91.24.974.11.35.27.141.45.373.91.45.57.13.91.55.47.241.55.57.241.45.47.14.11.55.5

Fresh filletFrozen filletWhole FrozenLive

Hoja1YearFresh filletFrozen filletWhole FrozenLive19925.043.181.48519935.543.571.25519945.412.771.264.819955.424.141.424.719965.654.41.574.719974.964.521.264.619984.754.441.014.419994.874.461.244.320005.934.481.214.420015.943.930.984.420025.763.961.084.220035.683.621.124.420045.473.361.314.520056.153.291.234.820066.43.71.24.820076.63.91.24.9200874.11.35.220097.141.45.3201073.91.45.520117.13.91.55.420127.241.55.520137.241.45.420147.14.11.55.5

Hoja1

Fresh filletFrozen filletWhole FrozenLiveUS $/kg

Hoja2YearFresh filletFrozen filletWholeLive19925.043.181.48519935.543.571.25519945.412.771.264.819955.424.141.424.719965.654.41.574.719974.964.521.264.619984.754.441.014.419994.874.461.244.320005.934.481.214.420015.943.930.984.420025.763.961.084.220035.683.621.124.420045.473.361.314.6YearFresh filletFrozen filletWholeLive19922.31.40.72.319932.51.60.62.319942.51.30.62.219952.51.90.62.119962.62.00.72.119972.22.10.62.119982.22.00.52.019992.22.00.62.020002.72.00.52.020012.71.80.42.020022.61.80.51.920032.61.60.52.020042.51.50.62.1

Hoja3

Hoja4

Hoja5

Chart180201210016300192683357666767750008500095000104716138000150000

Bangladesh Tilapia ProductionMetric tons

Sheet1199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013 (est)Bangladesh Tilapia Production214038304510802012,10016,30019,26833,57666,767750008500095000104716138000150000

Chart114751648201021342431280029173078349741004508467748505000

Global Tilapia ProductionMetric tons (000)

Sheet1200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013 (est)2014 (est)2015 (est)Global Tilapia Production14751,6482,0102,1342,4312,80029173078349741004508467748505000