Thyroid Gland 47 Thyroid Gland and Neck Anatomy Hyoid bone Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Thyroid left lobe Thyroid right lobe Isthmus Trachea Esophagus Thyrohyoid muscle Thyrohyoid membrane Sternothyroid muscle Cricothyroid muscle © 2017 Taina Litwak Anterior View
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Thyroid Gland 47
Thyroid Gland and Neck Anatomy
hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, thyroid left lobe, thyroid right lobe, isthmus, trachea, thryohy-oid muscle, sternothyroid muscle, cricothyroid muscle
Hyoid bone
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Thyroid left lobeThyroid right lobe
Isthmus
Trachea
Esophagus
Thyrohyoid muscle
Thyrohyoid membrane
Sternothyroid muscle
Cricothyroid muscle
© 2017 Taina Litwak
Anterior View
48 Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Gland and Neck: Transverse View
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Longus colimuscle
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Isthmus
Trachea
Esophagus
Vagus nerveCervicalvertebra
Omohyoid muscle
Jugular vein
Carotid artery
thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, trachea, isthmus, sternohyoid muscle, sternothyroid muscle, omohyoid muscle, with brackets labeled as Strap muscles, carotid artery, jugular vein, vagus nerve, longus coli muscle, cervical vertebra
Sternohyoid muscle
Sternothyroid muscle Strap muscles
© 2017 Taina Litwak
Right thyroid lobe Trachea
Esophagus
Carotid artery
Jugular vein
IsthmusSternocleidomastoid muscle
Longus coli muscle
Left thyroid lobe
Strap muscles
Thyroid Gland 49
Thyroid Gland: Normal Echotexture and Vascularity
Sagittal view
Superior/cephalad Inferior/caudal
Transverse view
Right lobe Left lobe
Isthmus
Vascularity on color-flow Doppler
Pearl: Thyroid gland and salivary gland parenchyma have similar echogenicity.
Light gray, smooth, homogeneous echotexture.
Normal isthmus thickness is <4 mm.
50 Thyroid Gland
Status post left hemithyroidectomy* Left thyroid bed
Carotid artery is displaced towards the trachea.
Thyroid Gland: Status Post Hemithyroidectomy
*Carotid
Carotid
Left lobe
Isthmus
Carotid artery is displaced anteriorly.
Status post right hemithyroidectomy* Right thyroid bed
Pearl: After thyroid surgery, residual thyroid tissue is sometimes visualized between the carotid artery and the trachea.
*
Thyroid Gland 51
Thyroid Gland: Benign Follicular Nodule
Oval, solid, hypoechoic, homogeneous nodule with smooth margins.
Oval, solid nodule with central cystic pockets and smooth margins.
Transverse view
Transverse view
Sagittal view
Pearl: In side-by-side image, left image shows transverse view, and right image shows sagittal and anterior-posterior view, so a three-dimensional view of the nodule is seen.
52 Thyroid Gland
Oval, predominantly solid, hypoechoic nodules.
Superior nodule is spongiform.
Inferior nodule shows colloid “comet tail” artifact (arrow).
Oval, solid, hypoechoic, homogeneous thyroid nodule with smooth margins.
Peripheral hypoechoic rim represents compressed blood vessels.
Sagittal view
Sagittal view
Superior Inferior
Thyroid Gland: Benign Follicular Nodule
Pearl: Spongiform echotexture is highly suggestive of a benign nodule.
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