1 LVSC & Trust for London conference on income inequality in London 100 years of tackling poverty and inequality in the capital The Wealth Chasm Danny Dorling 23rd November 2010 Clifford Chance Canary Wharf A llC ause SMR 2 9 - 9 0 9 0 - 1 05 105 - 11 2 112 - 12 0 120 - 14 6 B o oth -b a se d In dex O f P o ve rty Low (rich e st) H ig h (p oo re s t) 1991 C ensus base d Index Low (rich e st) H ig h (p oo re s t) m ap i m a p ii m a p iii Poverty in London, 1896, 1991 and later morta See this and other talks as multimedia versions at http:// www.sasi.group.shef.ac.uk /presentations/
The Wealth Chasm - 100 years of tackling poverty and inequality in the capital
Jan 17, 2015
Presentation by Danny Dorling at the LVSC & Trust for London centenary conference on income inequality in London, Canary Wharf, November 23rd 2010.
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1
LVSC & Trust for London conference on income inequality in London
100 years of tackling poverty and inequality in the capital
The Wealth Chasm
Danny Dorling
23rd November 2010
Clifford Chance
Canary Wharf
All Cause SMR29 - 9090 - 105105 - 112112 - 120120 - 146
Booth-based Index Of PovertyLow (richest)
High (poores t)
1991 Census based IndexLow (richest)
High (poores t)
map i
map ii
map iii
Poverty in London, 1896, 1991 and later mortality
See this and other talks as multimedia versions at http://www.sasi.group.shef.ac.uk/presentations/
2
Purpose of talk is to explain:
“Why income inequality is of relevance to all Londoners, especially at a time when the capital is not only still recovering from the recession but also facing severe cuts in public sector spending”
1 in 10 of whose babies died in 1901 because they tolerated poverty. Today’s equivalent is poor mental health
3
“When I’m worried about something I can talk to my mum or dad” “When I’m worried about something I can talk to my friends”
“When I’m worried about something I can talk to an adult other than my mum or dad”. Children who answered ‘yes’ to at least 2 of these
3:
GOR
Emotional health of children 2008/09
Emotional health of children 2009/10 change
North East 63.6 56.7 -6.9
North West 65.0 58.6 -6.4
Yorkshire and The Humber 64.3 57.3 -7.0
Sheffield East Midlands
60.461.9
56.554.2
-3.8-7.7
West Midlands 63.6 57.8 -5.8
East of England 61.6 56.0 -5.6
London 60.2 53.2 -7.0
South East 61.6 54.8 -6.8
South West 62.7 56.2 -6.5
England 62.6 56.0 -6.6
Source: “Tell US” Survey – cancelled 2010
Children’s mental health is getting worse. Especially in London
4
Rye
Bow
Ware
Eton
Tring
Thame
Penge
Luton
Hayes
Grays
Fleet
Ewell
Esher
Erith
Epsom
Egham
Alton
Acton
Woking
Witham
Sutton
Slough
Putney
Purley
Poplar
Pinner
MordenMerton
Marlow
Maldon
Leyton
Kenton
Ilford
Horley
Hendon
Harlow
Fulham
Epping
Eltham
Ealing
Didcot
Bushey
Bordon
Bexley
Barnet
Windsor
Wembley
Watford
Tilbury
SwanleySunbury
Stepney
Staines
Ruislip
Romford
ReigateRedhill
Reading
Rainham
Radlett
Mitcham
Lambeth
Horsham
Hornsey
Hitchin
Hackney
Frimley
Feltham
Farnham
Enfield
Edgware
Dorking
Croydon
Crawley
Clapham
Chesham
Chatham
Catford
Bromley
Barking
Baldock
YiewsleyWoolwich
Woodford
Wickford
Wendover
Wanstead
Uxbridge
Uckfield
Thatcham Surbiton
Stanmore
Richmond
Rayleigh
Northolt
Midhurst
Loughton
LewishamHounslow
Hertford
Hatfield
Halstead
Finsbury
FinchleyEdmonton
East Ham
Deptford
Dagenham
Crayford
Coulsdon
Chiswick
Chigwell
Cheshunt
Chertsey
Caterham
Bicester
Basildon
Banstead
Amersham
Wokingham
Willesden
Weybridge
Upminster
Tottenham
Tonbridge
Tenterden
Streatham
Stratford
Stevenage
Southgate
Sheerness
Sevenoaks
Rochester
Orpington
Northwood
Maidstone
Islington
Hoddesdon
Haslemere
Harpenden
Hampstead
Guildford
Greenwich
Greenford
Gravesend
Godalming
Dunstable
Chingford
Camberley
Brentwood
Brentford
Braintree
Bracknell
Aylesbury
Aldershot
Warlingham
Teddington
Swanscombe
PaddingtonMaidenhead
Letchworth
Kensington
Hornchurch
Heathfield
Heathfield
Gillingham
Chelmsford
Buckingham
Billericay
Addlestone
Wallingford
Potters Bar
Petersfield
Leatherhead
Farnborough
Crowborough
ChorleywoodBorehamwood
Berkhamsted
Basingstoke
West Drayton
High Wycombe
Great Dunmow
Burgess Hill
Beaconsfield
Waltham Abbey
Sittingbourne
Rickmansworth
Friern Barnet
Canvey Island
Billingshurst
Sawbridgeworth
Houghton Regis
Haywards Heath
Gerrards Cross
East Grinstead
Chipping Ongar
Southend-on-Sea
Hemel Hempstead
Leighton Buzzard
Henley-on-Thames
Welwyn Garden City
Princes Risborough
Bishop's Stortford
Stansted Mountfitchet
Royal Tunbridge Wells
Rye
Bow
Ware
Eton
Tring
Thame
Penge
Luton
Hayes
Grays
Fleet
Ewell
Esher
Erith
Epsom
Egham
Alton
Acton
Woking
Witham
Sutton
Slough
Putney
Purley
Poplar
Pinner
MordenMerton
Marlow
Maldon
Leyton
Kenton
Ilford
Horley
Hendon
Harlow
Fulham
Epping
Eltham
Ealing
Didcot
Bushey
Bordon
Bexley
Barnet
Windsor
Wembley
Watford
Tilbury
SwanleySunbury
Stepney
Staines
Ruislip
Romford
ReigateRedhill
Reading
Rainham
Radlett
Mitcham
Lambeth
Horsham
Hornsey
Hitchin
Hackney
Frimley
Feltham
Farnham
Enfield
Edgware
Dorking
Croydon
Crawley
Clapham
Chesham
Chatham
Catford
Bromley
Barking
Baldock
YiewsleyWoolwich
Woodford
Wickford
Wendover
Wanstead
Uxbridge
Uckfield
Thatcham Surbiton
Stanmore
Richmond
Rayleigh
Northolt
Midhurst
Loughton
LewishamHounslow
Hertford
Hatfield
Halstead
Finsbury
FinchleyEdmonton
East Ham
Deptford
Dagenham
Crayford
Coulsdon
Chiswick
Chigwell
Cheshunt
Chertsey
Caterham
Bicester
Basildon
Banstead
Amersham
Wokingham
Willesden
Weybridge
Upminster
Tottenham
Tonbridge
Tenterden
Streatham
Stratford
Stevenage
Southgate
Sheerness
Sevenoaks
Rochester
Orpington
Northwood
Maidstone
Islington
Hoddesdon
Haslemere
Harpenden
Hampstead
Guildford
Greenwich
Greenford
Gravesend
Godalming
Dunstable
Chingford
Camberley
Brentwood
Brentford
Braintree
Bracknell
Aylesbury
Aldershot
Warlingham
Teddington
Swanscombe
PaddingtonMaidenhead
Letchworth
Kensington
Hornchurch
Heathfield
Heathfield
Gillingham
Chelmsford
Buckingham
Billericay
Addlestone
Wallingford
Potters Bar
Petersfield
Leatherhead
Farnborough
Crowborough
ChorleywoodBorehamwood
Berkhamsted
Basingstoke
West Drayton
High Wycombe
Great Dunmow
Burgess Hill
Beaconsfield
Waltham Abbey
Sittingbourne
Rickmansworth
Friern Barnet
Canvey Island
Billingshurst
Sawbridgeworth
Houghton Regis
Haywards Heath
Gerrards Cross
East Grinstead
Chipping Ongar
Southend-on-Sea
Hemel Hempstead
Leighton Buzzard
Henley-on-Thames
Welwyn Garden City
Princes Risborough
Bishop's Stortford
Stansted Mountfitchet
Royal Tunbridge Wells
Rye
Bow
Ware
Eton
Tring
Thame
Penge
Luton
Hayes
Grays
Fleet
Ewell
Esher
Erith
Epsom
Egham
Alton
Acton
Woking
Witham
Sutton
Slough
Putney
Purley
Poplar
Pinner
MordenMerton
Marlow
Maldon
Leyton
Kenton
Ilford
Horley
Hendon
Harlow
Fulham
Epping
Eltham
Ealing
Didcot
Bushey
Bordon
Bexley
Barnet
Windsor
Wembley
Watford
Tilbury
SwanleySunbury
Stepney
Staines
Ruislip
Romford
ReigateRedhill
Reading
Rainham
Radlett
Mitcham
Lambeth
Horsham
Hornsey
Hitchin
Hackney
Frimley
Feltham
Farnham
Enfield
Edgware
Dorking
Croydon
Crawley
Clapham
Chesham
Chatham
Catford
Bromley
Barking
Baldock
YiewsleyWoolwich
Woodford
Wickford
Wendover
Wanstead
Uxbridge
Uckfield
Thatcham Surbiton
Stanmore
Richmond
Rayleigh
Northolt
Midhurst
Loughton
LewishamHounslow
Hertford
Hatfield
Halstead
Finsbury
FinchleyEdmonton
East Ham
Deptford
Dagenham
Crayford
Coulsdon
Chiswick
Chigwell
Cheshunt
Chertsey
Caterham
Bicester
Basildon
Banstead
Amersham
Wokingham
Willesden
Weybridge
Upminster
Tottenham
Tonbridge
Tenterden
Streatham
Stratford
Stevenage
Southgate
Sheerness
Sevenoaks
Rochester
Orpington
Northwood
Maidstone
Islington
Hoddesdon
Haslemere
Harpenden
Hampstead
Guildford
Greenwich
Greenford
Gravesend
Godalming
Dunstable
Chingford
Camberley
Brentwood
Brentford
Braintree
Bracknell
Aylesbury
Aldershot
Warlingham
Teddington
Swanscombe
PaddingtonMaidenhead
Letchworth
Kensington
Hornchurch
Heathfield
Heathfield
Gillingham
Chelmsford
Buckingham
Billericay
Addlestone
Wallingford
Potters Bar
Petersfield
Leatherhead
Farnborough
Crowborough
ChorleywoodBorehamwood
Berkhamsted
Basingstoke
West Drayton
High Wycombe
Great Dunmow
Burgess Hill
Beaconsfield
Waltham Abbey
Sittingbourne
Rickmansworth
Friern Barnet
Canvey Island
Billingshurst
Sawbridgeworth
Houghton Regis
Haywards Heath
Gerrards Cross
East Grinstead
Chipping Ongar
Southend-on-Sea
Hemel Hempstead
Leighton Buzzard
Henley-on-Thames
Welwyn Garden City
Princes Risborough
Bishop's Stortford
Stansted Mountfitchet
Royal Tunbridge Wells
Rye
Bow
Ware
Eton
Tring
Thame
Penge
Luton
Hayes
Grays
Fleet
Ewell
Esher
Erith
Epsom
Egham
Alton
Acton
Woking
Witham
Sutton
Slough
Putney
Purley
Poplar
Pinner
MordenMerton
Marlow
Maldon
Leyton
Kenton
Ilford
Horley
Hendon
Harlow
Fulham
Epping
Eltham
Ealing
Didcot
Bushey
Bordon
Bexley
Barnet
Windsor
Wembley
Watford
Tilbury
SwanleySunbury
Stepney
Staines
Ruislip
Romford
ReigateRedhill
Reading
Rainham
Radlett
Mitcham
Lambeth
Horsham
Hornsey
Hitchin
Hackney
Frimley
Feltham
Farnham
Enfield
Edgware
Dorking
Croydon
Crawley
Clapham
Chesham
Chatham
Catford
Bromley
Barking
Baldock
YiewsleyWoolwich
Woodford
Wickford
Wendover
Wanstead
Uxbridge
Uckfield
Thatcham Surbiton
Stanmore
Richmond
Rayleigh
Northolt
Midhurst
Loughton
LewishamHounslow
Hertford
Hatfield
Halstead
Finsbury
FinchleyEdmonton
East Ham
Deptford
Dagenham
Crayford
Coulsdon
Chiswick
Chigwell
Cheshunt
Chertsey
Caterham
Bicester
Basildon
Banstead
Amersham
Wokingham
Willesden
Weybridge
Upminster
Tottenham
Tonbridge
Tenterden
Streatham
Stratford
Stevenage
Southgate
Sheerness
Sevenoaks
Rochester
Orpington
Northwood
Maidstone
Islington
Hoddesdon
Haslemere
Harpenden
Hampstead
Guildford
Greenwich
Greenford
Gravesend
Godalming
Dunstable
Chingford
Camberley
Brentwood
Brentford
Braintree
Bracknell
Aylesbury
Aldershot
Warlingham
Teddington
Swanscombe
PaddingtonMaidenhead
Letchworth
Kensington
Hornchurch
Heathfield
Heathfield
Gillingham
Chelmsford
Buckingham
Billericay
Addlestone
Wallingford
Potters Bar
Petersfield
Leatherhead
Farnborough
Crowborough
ChorleywoodBorehamwood
Berkhamsted
Basingstoke
West Drayton
High Wycombe
Great Dunmow
Burgess Hill
Beaconsfield
Waltham Abbey
Sittingbourne
Rickmansworth
Friern Barnet
Canvey Island
Billingshurst
Sawbridgeworth
Houghton Regis
Haywards Heath
Gerrards Cross
East Grinstead
Chipping Ongar
Southend-on-Sea
Hemel Hempstead
Leighton Buzzard
Henley-on-Thames
Welwyn Garden City
Princes Risborough
Bishop's Stortford
Stansted Mountfitchet
Royal Tunbridge Wells
1970 1980
1990 2000
Breadline Poor %
< 10.1
10.1 - 20.0
20.1 - 30.0
30.1 - 40.0
40.1 - 50.0
50.1 - 70.0
We chose to become less equal
JRF studies of poverty
and wealth 1968- 2005
We reapwhat we sow….
5
Rye
Bow
Ware
Eton
Tring
Thame
Penge
Luton
Hayes
Grays
Fleet
Ewell
Esher
Erith
Epsom
Egham
Alton
Acton
Woking
Witham
Sutton
Slough
Putney
Purley
Poplar
Pinner
MordenMerton
Marlow
Maldon
Leyton
Kenton
Ilford
Horley
Hendon
Harlow
Fulham
Epping
Eltham
Ealing
Didcot
Bushey
Bordon
Bexley
Barnet
Windsor
Wembley
Watford
Tilbury
SwanleySunbury
Stepney
Staines
Ruislip
Romford
ReigateRedhill
Reading
Rainham
Radlett
Mitcham
Lambeth
Horsham
Hornsey
Hitchin
Hackney
Frimley
Feltham
Farnham
Enfield
Edgware
Dorking
Croydon
Crawley
Clapham
Chesham
Chatham
Catford
Bromley
Barking
Baldock
YiewsleyWoolwich
Woodford
Wickford
Wendover
Wanstead
Uxbridge
Uckfield
Thatcham Surbiton
Stanmore
Richmond
Rayleigh
Northolt
Midhurst
Loughton
LewishamHounslow
Hertford
Hatfield
Halstead
Finsbury
FinchleyEdmonton
East Ham
Deptford
Dagenham
Crayford
Coulsdon
Chiswick
Chigwell
Cheshunt
Chertsey
Caterham
Bicester
Basildon
Banstead
Amersham
Wokingham
Willesden
Weybridge
Upminster
Tottenham
Tonbridge
Tenterden
Streatham
Stratford
Stevenage
Southgate
Sheerness
Sevenoaks
Rochester
Orpington
Northwood
Maidstone
Islington
Hoddesdon
Haslemere
Harpenden
Hampstead
Guildford
Greenwich
Greenford
Gravesend
Godalming
Dunstable
Chingford
Camberley
Brentwood
Brentford
Braintree
Bracknell
Aylesbury
Aldershot
Warlingham
Teddington
Swanscombe
PaddingtonMaidenhead
Letchworth
Kensington
Hornchurch
Heathfield
Heathfield
Gillingham
Chelmsford
Buckingham
Billericay
Addlestone
Wallingford
Potters Bar
Petersfield
Leatherhead
Farnborough
Crowborough
ChorleywoodBorehamwood
Berkhamsted
Basingstoke
West Drayton
High Wycombe
Great Dunmow
Burgess Hill
Beaconsfield
Waltham Abbey
Sittingbourne
Rickmansworth
Friern Barnet
Canvey Island
Billingshurst
Sawbridgeworth
Houghton Regis
Haywards Heath
Gerrards Cross
East Grinstead
Chipping Ongar
Southend-on-Sea
Hemel Hempstead
Leighton Buzzard
Henley-on-Thames
Welwyn Garden City
Princes Risborough
Bishop's Stortford
Stansted Mountfitchet
Royal Tunbridge Wells
Rye
Bow
Ware
Eton
Tring
Thame
Penge
Luton
Hayes
Grays
Fleet
Ewell
Esher
Erith
Epsom
Egham
Alton
Acton
Woking
Witham
Sutton
Slough
Putney
Purley
Poplar
Pinner
MordenMerton
Marlow
Maldon
Leyton
Kenton
Ilford
Horley
Hendon
Harlow
Fulham
Epping
Eltham
Ealing
Didcot
Bushey
Bordon
Bexley
Barnet
Windsor
Wembley
Watford
Tilbury
SwanleySunbury
Stepney
Staines
Ruislip
Romford
ReigateRedhill
Reading
Rainham
Radlett
Mitcham
Lambeth
Horsham
Hornsey
Hitchin
Hackney
Frimley
Feltham
Farnham
Enfield
Edgware
Dorking
Croydon
Crawley
Clapham
Chesham
Chatham
Catford
Bromley
Barking
Baldock
YiewsleyWoolwich
Woodford
Wickford
Wendover
Wanstead
Uxbridge
Uckfield
Thatcham Surbiton
Stanmore
Richmond
Rayleigh
Northolt
Midhurst
Loughton
LewishamHounslow
Hertford
Hatfield
Halstead
Finsbury
FinchleyEdmonton
East Ham
Deptford
Dagenham
Crayford
Coulsdon
Chiswick
Chigwell
Cheshunt
Chertsey
Caterham
Bicester
Basildon
Banstead
Amersham
Wokingham
Willesden
Weybridge
Upminster
Tottenham
Tonbridge
Tenterden
Streatham
Stratford
Stevenage
Southgate
Sheerness
Sevenoaks
Rochester
Orpington
Northwood
Maidstone
Islington
Hoddesdon
Haslemere
Harpenden
Hampstead
Guildford
Greenwich
Greenford
Gravesend
Godalming
Dunstable
Chingford
Camberley
Brentwood
Brentford
Braintree
Bracknell
Aylesbury
Aldershot
Warlingham
Teddington
Swanscombe
PaddingtonMaidenhead
Letchworth
Kensington
Hornchurch
Heathfield
Heathfield
Gillingham
Chelmsford
Buckingham
Billericay
Addlestone
Wallingford
Potters Bar
Petersfield
Leatherhead
Farnborough
Crowborough
ChorleywoodBorehamwood
Berkhamsted
Basingstoke
West Drayton
High Wycombe
Great Dunmow
Burgess Hill
Beaconsfield
Waltham Abbey
Sittingbourne
Rickmansworth
Friern Barnet
Canvey Island
Billingshurst
Sawbridgeworth
Houghton Regis
Haywards Heath
Gerrards Cross
East Grinstead
Chipping Ongar
Southend-on-Sea
Hemel Hempstead
Leighton Buzzard
Henley-on-Thames
Welwyn Garden City
Princes Risborough
Bishop's Stortford
Stansted Mountfitchet
Royal Tunbridge Wells
Rye
Bow
Ware
Eton
Tring
Thame
Penge
Luton
Hayes
Grays
Fleet
Ewell
Esher
Erith
Epsom
Egham
Alton
Acton
Woking
Witham
Sutton
Slough
Putney
Purley
Poplar
Pinner
MordenMerton
Marlow
Maldon
Leyton
Kenton
Ilford
Horley
Hendon
Harlow
Fulham
Epping
Eltham
Ealing
Didcot
Bushey
Bordon
Bexley
Barnet
Windsor
Wembley
Watford
Tilbury
SwanleySunbury
Stepney
Staines
Ruislip
Romford
ReigateRedhill
Reading
Rainham
Radlett
Mitcham
Lambeth
Horsham
Hornsey
Hitchin
Hackney
Frimley
Feltham
Farnham
Enfield
Edgware
Dorking
Croydon
Crawley
Clapham
Chesham
Chatham
Catford
Bromley
Barking
Baldock
YiewsleyWoolwich
Woodford
Wickford
Wendover
Wanstead
Uxbridge
Uckfield
Thatcham Surbiton
Stanmore
Richmond
Rayleigh
Northolt
Midhurst
Loughton
LewishamHounslow
Hertford
Hatfield
Halstead
Finsbury
FinchleyEdmonton
East Ham
Deptford
Dagenham
Crayford
Coulsdon
Chiswick
Chigwell
Cheshunt
Chertsey
Caterham
Bicester
Basildon
Banstead
Amersham
Wokingham
Willesden
Weybridge
Upminster
Tottenham
Tonbridge
Tenterden
Streatham
Stratford
Stevenage
Southgate
Sheerness
Sevenoaks
Rochester
Orpington
Northwood
Maidstone
Islington
Hoddesdon
Haslemere
Harpenden
Hampstead
Guildford
Greenwich
Greenford
Gravesend
Godalming
Dunstable
Chingford
Camberley
Brentwood
Brentford
Braintree
Bracknell
Aylesbury
Aldershot
Warlingham
Teddington
Swanscombe
PaddingtonMaidenhead
Letchworth
Kensington
Hornchurch
Heathfield
Heathfield
Gillingham
Chelmsford
Buckingham
Billericay
Addlestone
Wallingford
Potters Bar
Petersfield
Leatherhead
Farnborough
Crowborough
ChorleywoodBorehamwood
Berkhamsted
Basingstoke
West Drayton
High Wycombe
Great Dunmow
Burgess Hill
Beaconsfield
Waltham Abbey
Sittingbourne
Rickmansworth
Friern Barnet
Canvey Island
Billingshurst
Sawbridgeworth
Houghton Regis
Haywards Heath
Gerrards Cross
East Grinstead
Chipping Ongar
Southend-on-Sea
Hemel Hempstead
Leighton Buzzard
Henley-on-Thames
Welwyn Garden City
Princes Risborough
Bishop's Stortford
Stansted Mountfitchet
Royal Tunbridge Wells
1980 1990
Asset Wealthy %
0 - 10
11 - 20
21 - 30
31 - 40
41 - 50
>50
2000
Rye
Bow
Ware
Eton
Tring
Thame
Penge
Luton
Hayes
Grays
Fleet
Ewell
Esher
Erith
Epsom
Egham
Alton
Acton
Woking
Witham
Sutton
Slough
Putney
Purley
Poplar
Pinner
MordenMerton
Marlow
Maldon
Leyton
Kenton
Ilford
Horley
Hendon
Harlow
Fulham
Epping
Eltham
Ealing
Didcot
Bushey
Bordon
Bexley
Barnet
Windsor
Wembley
Watford
Tilbury
SwanleySunbury
Stepney
Staines
Ruislip
Romford
ReigateRedhill
Reading
Rainham
Radlett
Mitcham
Lambeth
Horsham
Hornsey
Hitchin
Hackney
Frimley
Feltham
Farnham
Enfield
Edgware
Dorking
Croydon
Crawley
Clapham
Chesham
Chatham
Catford
Bromley
Barking
Baldock
YiewsleyWoolwich
Woodford
Wickford
Wendover
Wanstead
Uxbridge
Uckfield
Thatcham Surbiton
Stanmore
Richmond
Rayleigh
Northolt
Midhurst
Loughton
LewishamHounslow
Hertford
Hatfield
Halstead
Finsbury
FinchleyEdmonton
East Ham
Deptford
Dagenham
Crayford
Coulsdon
Chiswick
Chigwell
Cheshunt
Chertsey
Caterham
Bicester
Basildon
Banstead
Amersham
Wokingham
Willesden
Weybridge
Upminster
Tottenham
Tonbridge
Tenterden
Streatham
Stratford
Stevenage
Southgate
Sheerness
Sevenoaks
Rochester
Orpington
Northwood
Maidstone
Islington
Hoddesdon
Haslemere
Harpenden
Hampstead
Guildford
Greenwich
Greenford
Gravesend
Godalming
Dunstable
Chingford
Camberley
Brentwood
Brentford
Braintree
Bracknell
Aylesbury
Aldershot
Warlingham
Teddington
Swanscombe
PaddingtonMaidenhead
Letchworth
Kensington
Hornchurch
Heathfield
Heathfield
Gillingham
Chelmsford
Buckingham
Billericay
Addlestone
Wallingford
Potters Bar
Petersfield
Leatherhead
Farnborough
Crowborough
ChorleywoodBorehamwood
Berkhamsted
Basingstoke
West Drayton
High Wycombe
Great Dunmow
Burgess Hill
Beaconsfield
Waltham Abbey
Sittingbourne
Rickmansworth
Friern Barnet
Canvey Island
Billingshurst
Sawbridgeworth
Houghton Regis
Haywards Heath
Gerrards Cross
East Grinstead
Chipping Ongar
Southend-on-Sea
Hemel Hempstead
Leighton Buzzard
Henley-on-Thames
Welwyn Garden City
Princes Risborough
Bishop's Stortford
Stansted Mountfitchet
Royal Tunbridge Wells
1996
We chose to
abandon millions to enrich the minority
who have most land
JRF studies
of poverty
and wealth 1968- 2005
6
poor 2001 %13 - 1617 - 1819 - 2122 - 2425 - 2728 - 3132 - 3435 - 3738 - 4041 - 47
poor change %-6 - -4-3 - -101 - 234567 - 89 - 13
The maps looks very different
when you give everyone equal
space
Notice how in the 1990s almost everywhere the proportion of households that were poor rose, but most where highest to begin with – so fear rises.
7
For sources see: The Geography of Poverty, Inequality and Wealth in the UK and abroad: because enough is never enough, Applied Spatial Analysis and
Policy, 3, 2-3, pp 81-106. http://www.sasi.group.shef.ac.uk/publications/ 2010/DorlingPritchard_2010_TheGeographyOfPoverty.pdf
and also for the source of data for the next figure:
Subjective well-being of young people, an OECD overview, Innocenti Report
We ended up at or near the bottom of many league tables as a result – all before the crash
8
22nd out of the 25+1 EU countries before the crash for child poverty as measured by the European standard
We are cutting back
on ‘transfers’,
starting with the £165 maternity
grant.
9
Greater London parliamentary constituencies
“Core Poor” cartogram of Greater London parliamentary constituencies
“Exclusive Wealthy” cartogram of Greater London parliamentary constituencies
We live in different spaces, especially the very rich who are most dislocated from society
10
London’s place in the world economywhere cities orbit global capital.
As viewed from Houston
http://sasi.group.shef.ac.uk/maps/wcn_atlas3.htm
We are trapped in thinking that London can only survive as New York’s twin star…
11
In June 2010 we learn the councils to be cut the (%) most are:
DoncasterRedcar & ClevelandLiverpoolKnowsleyMiddlesbroughSt HelensBlackpoolSouth TynesideNorth East LincolnshireBlackburn with Darwen
(and Sheffield – singled out for cruel and unusual cuts)
In April 2010 we learn that – Gordon wanted to “help people”:
“ Duffy: – but all these eastern Europeans coming in, where are they flocking from?
Brown: A million people come in from Europe, but a million British people have gone into Europe, you do know there’s a lot of British people staying in Europe as well. So education, health and helping people, that’s what I’m about.”
The Times, 28/4/2010.
And:The ten councils to be cut the least are:
City of LondonEalingRedbridgeDudley (the only error?)BarnetHarrowBrentHaveringWandsworthBexley
We will undertake the most vindicate of disproportionate cuts to protect the status quo
12
October 20th 2010 – we were told how savings would be made:
• One of the first announcements was that new tenants of council and other social housing will now have to pay at least 80 percent of market prices in rent. In one stroke millions of low paid families are to be excluded from living in hundreds of towns, cities and villages where they no longer earn enough to “deserve” to be.
• There are many threats being made to have to take any job or be made to “volunteer” for no pay.
Then came the spending reviewWe think there is no alternative
13
And then came more and more questions and doubt
• Housing benefit will not be paid for people under the age of 35 who live alone—this previously applied only to those under 25.
• There would be a 10 percent cut in council tax benefit for those who cannot afford to live in certain areas.
• The immediate question asked was: Are the few remaining people living on modest incomes near affluent suburbs or in economically successful towns and villages to be cleansed away?
We think we are not up to doing anything better than this
14
Even the mayor of London spoke up against his party
• The best-off fifth of society will lose just 1 percent of their entitlements to public services and spending, the lowest losses of any group.
• A million people currently on employment and support allowance due to ill health will each lose £2,000 a year if they cannot find a job.
• With the state pension age rising rapidly to 66 years, only those with private provision can now retire at the normal age. Public sector pensioners will have £1.8 billion removed from them by 2014-15. Pension credits will be frozen for three years.
The ‘we’ who think this are a small minority
15
It could be the greatest threat to health inequalities
• No family on benefits is to receive more than the income of an average family in work, no matter what the circumstances of their children. If you are poor—or are made poor when you lose your job or have a pay cut forced on you—and have three or more children, you may need to leave your town for a new life in a cheaper area, away from where the remaining well paid work is.
• People with worse health will have to move to poorer areas.
• This is a recipe to increase inequalities between areas as fast as possible. I think it makes everyone worse off, so is in the saddest sense ‘fair’, but only in its likely stupidity of outcome.
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Difference between bestand worst-off districts bylife expectancy (years):People
We think the price has to be paid
16
Conclusion – keep askingwhy are 16 or 20 countries better?
Everyone is worse off because there is less social solidarity, more fear:
• The latest UN report lists those European countries currently having a higher life expectancy than the UK as: Iceland (almost 82 years), Switzerland, Italy, France (81 years), Sweden, Spain, Norway, Austria (to almost 80 years), the Netherlands, Germany, Ireland, Malta, Cyprus, Finland, Belgium and Luxembourg. People also live for longer than in Britain in Australia, Canada and New Zealand (and especially Japan), but not in the United States (where comparable life expectancy is only 79.1 years)
Of the richest 25 nations in the worldthe UK is the 4th most unequal by incomeinequality (90:10 ratio UNDP figures).
We think we are held hostage to the bond markets
17
Conclusion – keep askingwhy are we slipping down league tables of decency?
• Life expectancy is up in the UK, but increased economic inequality here would be expected to move our rank position below one of these four countries next, to slip from 20th place to 21st or 22nd out of 25.
• If that happens then there will be falls in life expectancy in some areas.
• • … we have just moved below
Greece, and the cuts there are far more equitable than here… (salaries cut rather than jobs and mostly benefits going…)
• People do live slightly shorter lives now in Greece (but not by 2010 EU data),
• Portugal (more economically unequal than the UK),
• Denmark (where smoking is still very common) and in
• Slovenia (78.2 years).
All these figures are from Table H of the most recent UNDP human development report (2009) and purport to be for around the year 2007.
We think all this damage is just ‘collateral damage’ that comes with success
18
Our murder rate is again at Victorian levels, as is the life expectancy gap between areas.Material conditions might be much better but
often our mental health, fear and anxiety is worse. We know we are not all in it together. We could be.
And we put the young
in debt
19
See this and other talks as multimedia versions atSee this and other talks as multimedia versions athttp://www.sasi.group.shef.ac.uk/presentations/
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