The Water Cycle. Processes in the Water Cycle The water cycle is made up of 5 processes The water cycle is made up of 5 processes –Evaporation/transpiration-

The Water CycleThe Water Cycle

Processes in the Water Processes in the Water CycleCycle• The water cycle is made up of 5 processesThe water cycle is made up of 5 processes

– Evaporation/transpiration- water vapor entering Evaporation/transpiration- water vapor entering the atmosphere (from large bodies or water or the atmosphere (from large bodies or water or plantsplants

– Condensation- when air cools down, it can’t hold Condensation- when air cools down, it can’t hold all the moisture so it forms liquid drops on all the moisture so it forms liquid drops on surfacessurfaces

– Precipitation- when water droplets get too large Precipitation- when water droplets get too large and fall out of clouds back to the Earthand fall out of clouds back to the Earth

– Runoff- water that flows back to the oceans over Runoff- water that flows back to the oceans over the landthe land

The Water CycleThe Water Cycle

Where Freshwater is FoundWhere Freshwater is Found

• Atmosphere (water vapor)Atmosphere (water vapor)

• Streams/riversStreams/rivers

• Ponds/lakesPonds/lakes

• GroundwaterGroundwater

• Glaciers and icebergsGlaciers and icebergs

GroundwaterGroundwater

• Makes up 25% of freshwaterMakes up 25% of freshwater• Found undergroundFound underground• If water fills all the spaces in the rock-If water fills all the spaces in the rock-

saturated zonesaturated zone• Permeable-water can pass easily through Permeable-water can pass easily through

spaces in rocksspaces in rocks• Impermeable-water cannot pass through Impermeable-water cannot pass through

the rocks spacesthe rocks spaces• Acquifer- a permeable layer of rock that is Acquifer- a permeable layer of rock that is

saturated with watersaturated with water

Weathering and ErosionWeathering and Erosion

• Erosion-the process that wears down Erosion-the process that wears down and carries away rock and soiland carries away rock and soil

• Weathering-process where rocks are Weathering-process where rocks are chemically altered or physically chemically altered or physically broken down into fragmentsbroken down into fragments

ErosionErosion

• Ways that erosion Ways that erosion can take placecan take place– GravityGravity– Movement of Movement of

streamsstreams– GroundwaterGroundwater– GlaciersGlaciers– Wind Wind – WavesWaves

Cliff eroded

Glacier erosion feature

Groundwater eroding land Gravity’s effect

Waves eroding baseOf cliff

Wind erosion

Types of WeatheringTypes of Weathering-Mechanical-Mechanical

• Mechanical weathering- physically Mechanical weathering- physically breaking down rocks throughbreaking down rocks through– Frost wedging- ice expands and cracks Frost wedging- ice expands and cracks

rocks rocks – Abrasion- when rocks scrape or grind Abrasion- when rocks scrape or grind

against each otheragainst each other– Growth of plant roots- gets in between Growth of plant roots- gets in between

rocks and cracks themrocks and cracks them

Wind eroding a hole through a structure

Water gets into the spaces in a rock, expands while it freezes and cuts through a rock

Types of WeatheringTypes of Weathering-Chemical-Chemical

• Chemical weathering-chemical Chemical weathering-chemical reactions dissolve the minerals in a reactions dissolve the minerals in a rock or change them into new rock or change them into new mineralsminerals

• Water is the main agent of chemical Water is the main agent of chemical weatheringweathering

Chemical eroding of ancient buildings