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THE SKILLFUL TEACHER Stephen Brookfield Distinguished University Professor University of St. Thomas Minneapolis-St. Paul
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THE SKILLFUL TEACHER Stephen Brookfield Distinguished University Professor University of St. Thomas Minneapolis-St. Paul Stephen Brookfield Distinguished.

Mar 26, 2015

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Page 1: THE SKILLFUL TEACHER Stephen Brookfield Distinguished University Professor University of St. Thomas Minneapolis-St. Paul Stephen Brookfield Distinguished.

THE SKILLFUL

TEACHERTHE SKILLFUL

TEACHER

Stephen BrookfieldDistinguished University

ProfessorUniversity of St. Thomas

Minneapolis-St. Paul

Stephen BrookfieldDistinguished University

ProfessorUniversity of St. Thomas

Minneapolis-St. Paul

Page 2: THE SKILLFUL TEACHER Stephen Brookfield Distinguished University Professor University of St. Thomas Minneapolis-St. Paul Stephen Brookfield Distinguished.

ASSUMPTIONS OF SKILLFUL TEACHING

Good teaching = whatever helps students learn

Best teaching is critically reflective Most important teaching knowledge

we need: how students experience learning

Page 3: THE SKILLFUL TEACHER Stephen Brookfield Distinguished University Professor University of St. Thomas Minneapolis-St. Paul Stephen Brookfield Distinguished.

CRITICAL INCIDENT QUESTIONNAIRE (CIQ)

CRITICAL INCIDENT QUESTIONNAIRE (CIQ)

Moment Most Engaged as a Learner

Moment Most Distanced as a Learner

Action Most Affirming/HelpfulAction Most Puzzling/ConfusingWhat Surprised You Most

Moment Most Engaged as a Learner

Moment Most Distanced as a Learner

Action Most Affirming/HelpfulAction Most Puzzling/ConfusingWhat Surprised You Most

Page 4: THE SKILLFUL TEACHER Stephen Brookfield Distinguished University Professor University of St. Thomas Minneapolis-St. Paul Stephen Brookfield Distinguished.

HOW TO USE THE CIQHOW TO USE THE CIQ Last 5 minutes of last class Anonymous Reviewed at beginning of next week’s

class Illustrates diversity in class Allows you to emphasize why class is

organized as it is Negotiation is NOT capitulation

Last 5 minutes of last class Anonymous Reviewed at beginning of next week’s

class Illustrates diversity in class Allows you to emphasize why class is

organized as it is Negotiation is NOT capitulation

Page 5: THE SKILLFUL TEACHER Stephen Brookfield Distinguished University Professor University of St. Thomas Minneapolis-St. Paul Stephen Brookfield Distinguished.

BENEFITS OF CIQ

Helps you take informed actionsBuilds a case for using multiple methods

and techniques with studentsAllows you to catch problems,

confusions & misunderstandings earlyBuilds trustModels Critical Thinking

Page 6: THE SKILLFUL TEACHER Stephen Brookfield Distinguished University Professor University of St. Thomas Minneapolis-St. Paul Stephen Brookfield Distinguished.

WHAT STUDENTS VALUE IN TEACHERS

WHAT STUDENTS VALUE IN TEACHERS

CREDIBILITYExpertise (you really know your stuff)Experience (as a real life worker & as a

teacher)Rationale (you have a thought through

plan of action)Conviction (that the learning is

important)

CREDIBILITYExpertise (you really know your stuff)Experience (as a real life worker & as a

teacher)Rationale (you have a thought through

plan of action)Conviction (that the learning is

important)

Page 7: THE SKILLFUL TEACHER Stephen Brookfield Distinguished University Professor University of St. Thomas Minneapolis-St. Paul Stephen Brookfield Distinguished.

AUTHENTICITYAUTHENTICITY

Congruence (between your words & actions)

Full Disclosure (of your expectations & criteria)

Responsiveness (to students’ learning difficulties)

Personhood (appropriate autobiographical examples)

Congruence (between your words & actions)

Full Disclosure (of your expectations & criteria)

Responsiveness (to students’ learning difficulties)

Personhood (appropriate autobiographical examples)

Page 8: THE SKILLFUL TEACHER Stephen Brookfield Distinguished University Professor University of St. Thomas Minneapolis-St. Paul Stephen Brookfield Distinguished.

EMOTIONAL RHYTHMS

• IMPOSTORSHIP

• CULTURAL SUICIDE

• LOST INNOCENCE

• ROADRUNNING

Page 9: THE SKILLFUL TEACHER Stephen Brookfield Distinguished University Professor University of St. Thomas Minneapolis-St. Paul Stephen Brookfield Distinguished.

WHY LECTURE?WHY LECTURE?

Provide overview/outline of a broad body of material

To explain and illustrate with examples difficult ideas & concepts

To introduce alternative perspectives & interpretations

To model intellectual attitudes and behaviors

To encourage learners’ interest in a topic

Provide overview/outline of a broad body of material

To explain and illustrate with examples difficult ideas & concepts

To introduce alternative perspectives & interpretations

To model intellectual attitudes and behaviors

To encourage learners’ interest in a topic

Page 10: THE SKILLFUL TEACHER Stephen Brookfield Distinguished University Professor University of St. Thomas Minneapolis-St. Paul Stephen Brookfield Distinguished.

USE A VARIETY OF APPROACHES Chunked in 15 minute segments Structured Silent writing (3 minutes) - most

important/confusing point, question / illustration of concept. Shuffle these & ask students to read them or read them yourself.

Buzz groups Lecture from ‘Siberia’ Assign Roles to Students each week -

summarizer, devil’s advocate Team lecturing with peer critique

Page 11: THE SKILLFUL TEACHER Stephen Brookfield Distinguished University Professor University of St. Thomas Minneapolis-St. Paul Stephen Brookfield Distinguished.

VARIETY OF APPROACHES

Video clipsSpot the deliberate teacher error (when

you contradict yourself, say something clearly inaccurate etc.)

Example inventories - students provide examples to show they’ve understood concepts you’ve covered (on 3x5, newsprint, blackboard on online)

Page 12: THE SKILLFUL TEACHER Stephen Brookfield Distinguished University Professor University of St. Thomas Minneapolis-St. Paul Stephen Brookfield Distinguished.

ORGANIZED AS HELPFUL INFORMATIONAL MAPS

• Scaffolding Notes - Main headings & sub-headings with space for examples

• Clear verbal signals - global (now a whole new area is being introduced), key point (a main idea is being explored), example, meta-review

• Frequent summaries• Where are we now?

Page 13: THE SKILLFUL TEACHER Stephen Brookfield Distinguished University Professor University of St. Thomas Minneapolis-St. Paul Stephen Brookfield Distinguished.

MODEL LEARNING BEHAVIORS

• Begin with questions the lecture will try to answer

• End with questions the lecture has raised

• Structured Devil’s Advocacy• Assumption Hunting• Team teaching - peer critique

Page 14: THE SKILLFUL TEACHER Stephen Brookfield Distinguished University Professor University of St. Thomas Minneapolis-St. Paul Stephen Brookfield Distinguished.

LESSON PLANNING

• Multiple Modalities (aim for 3 per lesson) - e.g. lecturing, demonstration, small group application, silent writing, visual illustration, newsprint dialog

• Lesson Structure depends on learning you wish to achieve

• CIQ will tell you what is working & for how many

Page 15: THE SKILLFUL TEACHER Stephen Brookfield Distinguished University Professor University of St. Thomas Minneapolis-St. Paul Stephen Brookfield Distinguished.

LESSON PLANNING contd.

Frequent recaps Frequent explanations Regular example exercises -

students write (on 3x5, on newsprint, or on board) examples to illustrate a skill or idea you’re teaching

Tie each learning activity to homework

Page 16: THE SKILLFUL TEACHER Stephen Brookfield Distinguished University Professor University of St. Thomas Minneapolis-St. Paul Stephen Brookfield Distinguished.

FINAL THOUGHTS Beware the ‘Perfect Ten’ syndrome Teaching is “Informed Muddling

Through” Don’t be who you aren’t Resistance / Hostility are normal & not

caused by you Never underestimate your power

Page 17: THE SKILLFUL TEACHER Stephen Brookfield Distinguished University Professor University of St. Thomas Minneapolis-St. Paul Stephen Brookfield Distinguished.

RESOURCES www.stephenbrookfield.com THE SKILLFUL TEACHER DISCUSSION AS A WAY OF TEACHING BECOMING A CRITICALLY REFLECTIVE

TEACHER

All available from Jossey-Bass Publishers (San Francisco) www.josseybass.com