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The Progressive Era
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The Progressive Era

Feb 23, 2016

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The Progressive Era. Part one: The Expansion of Education. Life at the Turn of the Twentieth Century. I. The Expansion of Education. A democracy functions best when its citizens can read and write Most children received a basic education (only 2 % finished high school) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Page 1: The Progressive Era

The Progressive Era

Page 2: The Progressive Era

Part one: The Expansion of

EducationLife at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

Page 3: The Progressive Era

A. A democracy functions best when its citizens

can read and writeB. Most children received a basic education

(only 2% finished high school) C. Farmers children only attended from Nov. to

April D. Many child labor laws were passed around

1900

I. The Expansion of Education

Page 4: The Progressive Era

E. The Americanization of

immigrants

Page 5: The Progressive Era

Public schools played a vital role in

assimilating immigrants Many immigrants moved here for the

opportunity of a free education Learning to read and write in English prepared

immigrants for American citizenship

Page 6: The Progressive Era

College enrollment doubled between 1890 and

1910 Opportunity for higher ed. set the U.S. apart

from other countries Philanthropists made education a possibility for

many

II. Expansion of higher education

Page 7: The Progressive Era

A. Immigrants, the poor, and minorities were

less likely to receive an education B. Separate women’s universities were established

try to segregate C. African Americans were not allowed to attend

most universities A few did allow them: Oberlin, Bates, Bowdoin Several African American universities were established

to provide for them: Wilberforce, Howard, Atlanta, etc. Number of African Americans receiving a degree was

very small

III. Discrimination in education

Page 8: The Progressive Era

IV. Booker T. Washington and W.E.B.

Du Bois

Page 9: The Progressive Era

A. Booker T. Washington thought African Americans should focus on alleviating their economic situation before worrying about their political situation (focus on education).

1. Stressed vocational education and job training

2. “as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem”

Page 10: The Progressive Era

B. W.E.B. Du Bois was the first African American to earn a PhD from Harvard

1. Fought for economic, political, and social equality

2. Founded the Niagara Movement

3. Helped form the NAACP

Page 11: The Progressive Era

Part Two: The Jim Crow era

A. Voting restrictions 1.Poll tax 2.Literacy

tests3.Grandfath

er clauses

Page 12: The Progressive Era

Segregation Separation of people by

race de facto segregation –

caused by tradition (common thing, but not by law)

Jim Crow laws (de jure – by law) – laws meant to segregate races and take away rights from African Americans

Segregation

Page 13: The Progressive Era

C. Plessy vs. Ferguson

The Civil Rights cases overturned the Civil Rights Act (1883)

African American Homer Plessy sued for the right to sit wherever he wanted on the train

The courts ruled that facilities and services needed to be separate-but-equal

Jim Crow laws did not violate the 14th Amendment

Page 14: The Progressive Era

D. Violence against African

Americans 1. Blacks were forced

to follow strict etiquette codes

2. Breeches in these etiquette codes resulted in violence

3. From 1882 to 1892 over 1,200 blacks were lynched

4. Ida B. Wells led an anti-lynching campaign

Page 15: The Progressive Era

E. The Great Migration

1. Blacks moved north to escape violence and legal segregation; escape poverty and look for jobs

2. Discovered de facto segregation

3. Race riots erupted in many cities due to the white fear of job competition

Page 16: The Progressive Era

A. Many African American leaders rose to fight

discrimination I. Booker T WashingtonII. WEB DuBois

B. Organized the NAACP 1. Abolish segregation and

discrimination2. Oppose racism 3. Gain civil rights for African Americans

VI. Resisting Discrimination

Page 17: The Progressive Era

I. Review yesterday’s materialII. Notes – Progressive MovementIII. Labor Unions & Strikes – Graphic Organizers

SWBAT Identify the significance of three different strikes/riots, as well as the purpose of labor unions.

4/16

Page 18: The Progressive Era

I. Reforms needed to clean up

problems created by industrialization A.

Progressives sought reform in four main areas 1.Social 2.Moral 3.Economic 4.Political

Page 19: The Progressive Era

B. Four common goals of

Progressives 1. Gov. should be accountable to its citizens

2. Gov. should curb the power of wealthy interests

3. Gov. should expand to improve the lives of its citizens

4. Gov. should become efficient and less corrupt

Page 20: The Progressive Era

C. Muckrakers

1. Journalists who pointed out the evils of society

2. Upton Sinclair, The Jungle

Page 21: The Progressive Era

A. Poor working conditions

needed to be reformed 1. Dangerous working conditions 2. Long hours, low wages, no job security, no

benefits 3. Discrimination against women 4. Child labor

II. Progressive reforms in factories

Page 22: The Progressive Era
Page 23: The Progressive Era

B. Successful reforms

1. Organizations created to regulate factory working conditions

2. Standardizing an 8 hour work day

3. Passing of child labor laws

Page 24: The Progressive Era

C. Progressive impacts on labor

unions (strengthened) 1. Knights of

Labor2. American

Federation of Labor (Samuel Gompers)

3. American Railway Union (Eugene V. Debs)

4. Industrial Ladies’ Garment Workers Unions

Page 25: The Progressive Era

D. Major strikes

1.Haymarket Square

2.Homestead Strike

3.Pullman Strike

Page 26: The Progressive Era

A. Local governments B. State governments

1. Referendums and initiatives 2. Recalls In elections

C. In elections 1. Primary Elections2. Direct election of U.S. Senators (17th Amendment) 3. Approval of the secret ballot system

III. Progressive accomplishments in government

Page 27: The Progressive Era

A. Theodore Roosevelt’s “Square Deal” B. Anti-trust laws

1. Sherman Anti-Trust Act banned any business that restricted trade 2. Clayton Anti-Trust Act expands the Sherman Act 3. Outlaws price-fixing 4. TR broke up holding companies that had monopolies

IV. Progressive federal reforms

Page 28: The Progressive Era
Page 29: The Progressive Era

1. The Transcontinental Railroad2. Encourage westward settlement3. Grown and Expand4. Jobs available5. Cheap, run down apartment buildings6. Unsanitary7. Eastern & Southern Europe; Asia8. Variety of cultures in America working

together

Industry & Progressive Test

Review

Page 30: The Progressive Era

9. Steel making process10. Carnegie-Steel; Morgan – Banking; Vanderbilt –Railroads; Rockefeller – Oil11. Whitney-Cotton Gin; Edison – Light Bulb; Ford – Assembly Line (in making automobile); Wright Brothers – airplane12. Government does not interfere with businesses13. Assembly Line process of manufacturing14. Journalists who exposed bad conditions of society15. Progressive Movement16. Safer work place conditions; better hours; better pay (make life better for citizens)

9-16

Page 31: The Progressive Era

17. Vote on bill to become a law18. Directly by people19. Public officials20. Primary Election21. Lewis Hine22. Sam Gompers23. Attain voting rights for women (19th amendment)24. Square Deal25. land/job opportunities

17-25

Page 32: The Progressive Era

26. Land/job opportunities 27. 5th & 14th 28. Separate but Equal is legal29. Booker T – Vocational education; WEB DuBois – demand political, economic, social equality30. DuBois31. Washington32. Faced greater discrimination thru Jim Crow33. Laws that forced segregation34. Ida B. Wells

26-34.