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The potential for biomonitoring microplastic pollution along the KwaZulu-Natal coastline using marine invertebrates: a preliminary investigation Gerber, G., Mkhize, T., Moodley, G.K., Robertson-Andersson, D.V. University of KwaZulu-Natal School of Life Sciences
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Jun 19, 2020

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Page 1: The potential for biomonitoring microplastic … 2/4. The potential...The potential for biomonitoring microplastic pollution along the KwaZulu-Natal coastline using marine invertebrates:

The potential for biomonitoring microplastic

pollution along the KwaZulu-Natal coastline using marine invertebrates: a preliminary investigation

Gerber, G., Mkhize, T., Moodley, G.K., Robertson-Andersson, D.V.

University of KwaZulu-Natal

School of Life Sciences

Page 2: The potential for biomonitoring microplastic … 2/4. The potential...The potential for biomonitoring microplastic pollution along the KwaZulu-Natal coastline using marine invertebrates:

Outline

• Microplastics (MP) – problem identification

• Biomonitoring – a suggested approach

• What has been done

• Future work

• Relevance to eThekwini municipality

Page 3: The potential for biomonitoring microplastic … 2/4. The potential...The potential for biomonitoring microplastic pollution along the KwaZulu-Natal coastline using marine invertebrates:

SECONDARY

www.mcsuk.org

PRIMARY gre

enpla

stics.c

o.in

ww

2.k

qed.o

rg

Physiological effects

• Gut blockage

• False satiation

• Malnutrition

• Reduced fitness

Ecotoxilogical effects

• POP’s

• Heavy metals

• Trophic transfer

Once ingested

Page 4: The potential for biomonitoring microplastic … 2/4. The potential...The potential for biomonitoring microplastic pollution along the KwaZulu-Natal coastline using marine invertebrates:

Why is biomonitoring necessary in eThekwini?

• RELATIONSHIP between organism and environment

• Wide variety of microplastics – which ones are more threatening to marine biota

• Sedentary invertebrates – identification of temporal and spatial patterns of MP pollution

• Mussels and sea urchins as important subsistence food sources

Page 5: The potential for biomonitoring microplastic … 2/4. The potential...The potential for biomonitoring microplastic pollution along the KwaZulu-Natal coastline using marine invertebrates:

Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) Filtration

(ANOVA: df = 2, F = 11.66 , p = 0.003)

Ingestion

(ANOVA: df = 2, F = 31.98 ,p < 0.000)

a b

c

a

b

a

Gerber (2015)

Gerber (2015)

Page 6: The potential for biomonitoring microplastic … 2/4. The potential...The potential for biomonitoring microplastic pollution along the KwaZulu-Natal coastline using marine invertebrates:

Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758)

Stomopneustes variolaris (Lamarck, 1816)

• Madreporite pores large enough to allow MP’s to enter water vascular system (WVS)

• MP uptake into WVS was demonstrated by S. variolaris and T.gratilla

• Highlights dual mechanisms of MP uptake in echinoids

• Echinoids - ecosystem engineers

upload.wikimedia.org

atj.net.au

Page 7: The potential for biomonitoring microplastic … 2/4. The potential...The potential for biomonitoring microplastic pollution along the KwaZulu-Natal coastline using marine invertebrates:

What we know VS. Future work

• Biomonitoring program (P. perna)

• Investigations into dual mechanisms of MP uptake in echinoids

• Toxicant transfer from MP to organisms

• Mussels and echinoids demonstrate MP uptake

• Subsistence food sources

indiabiodiversity.org upload.wikimedia.org atj.net.au images.harc.edu

Page 8: The potential for biomonitoring microplastic … 2/4. The potential...The potential for biomonitoring microplastic pollution along the KwaZulu-Natal coastline using marine invertebrates:

Relevance to eThekwini municipality

www.wildcoast.co.za

www.wildcoast.co.za

www.wildcoast.co.za www.intellectualcapitals.com

usresponserestoration.files.wordpress.com

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Thank you!

Any questions? Text

Bayne, B. L., Hawkins, A. J. S., & Navarro, E. 1987. Feeding and digestion by the mussel Mytilus edulis L. (Bivalvia: Mollusca) in mixtures of silt and algal cells at low concentrations. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 111(1), 1-22.

Claessens, M., Van Cauwenberghe, L., Vandegehuchte, M. B., & Janssen, C. R. 2013. New techniques for the detection of microplastics in sediments and field collected organisms. Marine pollution bulletin, 70(1), 227-233.

Cole, M., Lindeque, P., Halsband, C., & Galloway, T. S. 2011. Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: a review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(12), 2588-2597.

Cole, M., Lindeque, P., Fileman, E., Halsband, C., Goodhead, R., Moger, J., & Galloway, T. S. 2013. Microplastic ingestion by zooplankton. Environmental science & technology, 47(12), 6646-6655.

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Van Cauwenberghe, L., Claessens, M., Vandegehuchte, M. B., & Janssen, C. R. 2015. Microplastics are taken up by mussels (Mytilus edulis) and lugworms (Arenicola marina) living in natural habitats. Environmental Pollution, 199, 10-17.

Wegner, A., Besseling, E., Foekema, E. M., Kamermans, P., & Koelmans, A. A. 2012. Effects of nanopolystyrene on the feeding behavior of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis L.). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(11), 2490-2497.

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