The Metagenomics RAST server: Annotation, Analysis, and Comparisons Perfect for Pyrosequencing Rob Edwards Department of Computer Science, San Diego State University Mathematics and Computer Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory Roche Life Sciences Workshop, Sept 2008 www.nmpdr.org www.theseed.org
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The Metagenomics RAST server: Annotation, Analysis, and Comparisons Perfect for Pyrosequencing
Roche Life Sciences Workshop, Sept 2008. The Metagenomics RAST server: Annotation, Analysis, and Comparisons Perfect for Pyrosequencing. Rob Edwards Department of Computer Science, San Diego State University Mathematics and Computer Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Metagenomics RAST server: Annotation, Analysis, and
ComparisonsPerfect for Pyrosequencing
Rob Edwards
Department of Computer Science, San Diego State University
Mathematics and Computer Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory
Roche Life Sciences Workshop, Sept 2008
www.nmpdr.org www.theseed.org
Outline
• Metagenomics
• Tools for analyzing sequences
• Computational Challenges
• Does it work?
www.nmpdr.org www.theseed.org
Firstbacterial genome
100bacterial genomes
1,000bacterial genomes
Num
ber
of
know
n s
equence
s
Year
How much has been sequenced?
Environmentalsequencing
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Everybody inSan Diego
Everybody inUSA
AllculturedBacteria
100people
How much will be sequenced?
One genome fromevery species
Most majormicrobial environments
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Metagenomics(Just sequence it)
200 liters water 5-500 g fresh fecal matter50 g soil
Sequence
Epifluorescent Microscopy
Concentrate and purify bacteria, viruses, etc
Extract nucleic acids
Publish papers
Marine Near-shore water (~100 samples) Off-shore water (~50 samples) Near- and off-shore sediments
Metazoanassociated Corals Fish Human blood Human stool
ModernMetagenomics
Terrestrial/Soil Terragenomics Amazon rainforest Konza prairie Joshua Tree desert Air
Freshwater Aquifer Glacial lake
ExtremeHot springs (84oC; 78oC)Soda lake (pH 13)Solar saltern (>35% salt)
The Problem
How do you generate consistent and accurate annotations for metagenomes?
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The SEED Family
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Annotations using subsystemsFIG developed the notion of Subsystem – a generalization of “pathway” as a collection of functional roles jointly involved in a biological process or complex
Extended subsystems into FIGfams – protein families that perform the same functions.
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Annotation of Complete Genomes
• Automated user originated processing
• Takes 1-7 hours depending on size and complexity of the genome
• ~2,000 external submissions, including hundreds of genomes not yet publicly released.
• Reannotation of >500 genomes complete
• 1,000 users, 200 organizations, 25 countries.
http://rast.nmpdr.org/
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The metagenomics RAST server
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Automated Processing
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Summary View
Metagenomics ToolsAnnotation & Subsystems
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Metagenomics ToolsAnnotation & KEGG maps
Metagenomics ToolsRecruitment Plots
Metagenomics ToolsPhylogenetic Reconstruction
Metagenomics ToolsComparative Tools
Hours
of
Com
pute
Tim
e
Input size (MB)
Computational Requirements~19 hours of compute per input megabyte