The Limb Injury Frequency of Former High School Male Athletes A study of the correlation between the frequency of limb injuries of male high school graduates.

The Limb Injury The Limb Injury Frequency of Former Frequency of Former

High School Male High School Male Athletes Athletes

A study of the correlation between the frequency of limb A study of the correlation between the frequency of limb injuries of male high school graduates and their participation injuries of male high school graduates and their participation

in high school sport.in high school sport.

Myckenzie Bottomly, Kinsey Grant, Brienna Lund, and Parker HaycockMyckenzie Bottomly, Kinsey Grant, Brienna Lund, and Parker Haycock

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bIiZoRBwWq8&feature=player_detailpagehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bIiZoRBwWq8&feature=player_detailpage

Old AgeOld AgePicture Yourself in 50 years from Picture Yourself in 50 years from nownow

Will you be able to do the things you Will you be able to do the things you want?want?

Running, going to the grocery store, Running, going to the grocery store, getting the mail?getting the mail?

More than 800,000 hip and knee More than 800,000 hip and knee replacement surgeries were replacement surgeries were performed in 2003 in the United performed in 2003 in the United States (Surgery.com, 2009).States (Surgery.com, 2009).

Up 90% from 1994Up 90% from 1994

Also an increase in high school sport Also an increase in high school sport participation (Stevenson, 2007).participation (Stevenson, 2007).

50% of males in high school in 50% of males in high school in 19701970’’s to 67% in 2006.s to 67% in 2006.

PurposePurpose

To examine the correlation between participation in organized high school sports and the frequency of injuries in adults.

To discover if sport participation in high school puts adults at risk for a higher frequency of injury.

Research QuestionsResearch Questions

Does participation in organized high school sports increase injuries later on as an adult?

Are the injuries generally acute or chronic?

Are the amounts of injuries sustained by high school athletes enough to further explore the prevention of chronic adult injuries?

HypothesisHypothesis

Adults that did not participate in organized high school sports will result in fewer injuries compared to those who did participate.

The strain of sports on the body causes more reoccurring injuries for athletes as they age versus an individual that did not play sports.

SurveySurvey

40 male adults who went to high school, 40 male adults who went to high school, interviewed about their limb injury history. The age interviewed about their limb injury history. The age range was 45-55.range was 45-55.

We designed a survey that differentiated between We designed a survey that differentiated between subjects that played sports in high school and subjects that played sports in high school and those who did not.those who did not.

We also captured information about unrecovered We also captured information about unrecovered injuries.injuries.

ProceduresProcedures

With our questionnaire we only surveyed male With our questionnaire we only surveyed male subjects about their limb injury history since high subjects about their limb injury history since high school.school.

We also asked them about their high school sport We also asked them about their high school sport participation in order to see any correlation participation in order to see any correlation between long-term limb injuries and high school between long-term limb injuries and high school sport participation.sport participation.

Once capturing the data we compared the Once capturing the data we compared the correlations of frequent injuries between those who correlations of frequent injuries between those who participated in high school sport and those who did participated in high school sport and those who did not.not.

Data AnalysisData Analysis

We separated our survey from those who played We separated our survey from those who played sports in high school from those who did not.sports in high school from those who did not.

N=29 (Those who participated in high school sport)N=29 (Those who participated in high school sport)

N=11 (Those who did not participate)N=11 (Those who did not participate)

Then we compared the frequency of limb injuries of Then we compared the frequency of limb injuries of those who played sports in high school to those those who played sports in high school to those who did not.who did not.

ResultsResults

Those participating in high school sports reported a lower average for the frequency of injury after graduating.

ResultsResults

~61% of injuries for those not participating were unrecovered. They averaged 1 unrecovered injury per subject.

~54% of injuries for those participating were unrecovered. They averaged 0.76 unrecovered injuries per subject.

DiscussionDiscussion

On average, individuals that did not play sports in On average, individuals that did not play sports in high school sustained more injuries later on, than high school sustained more injuries later on, than those that played.those that played.

This does not support our original hypothesis. This does not support our original hypothesis.

However, our research reflects a previous study on However, our research reflects a previous study on musculoskeletal injuries:musculoskeletal injuries:

This research suggests that an athletes This research suggests that an athletes ““good muscle good muscle function related to a high physical activity level seems function related to a high physical activity level seems to compensate the effects of degenerative changesto compensate the effects of degenerative changes”” (Kujala, Orava, Parkkari, Kaprio & Sarna, 2003)(Kujala, Orava, Parkkari, Kaprio & Sarna, 2003)

LimitationsLimitations

Sample size was small.Sample size was small.

Questions could have been misinterpreted.Questions could have been misinterpreted.

Time restraint for data collection.Time restraint for data collection.

Geographical limitation.Geographical limitation.

Sample was not completely randomized.Sample was not completely randomized.

ConclusionConclusion

The individuals who did not participate in high school The individuals who did not participate in high school sport have a higher average of injuries than those sport have a higher average of injuries than those individuals who did participate in high school sport, individuals who did participate in high school sport, proving our hypotheses wrong. (Bottomly, Grant, proving our hypotheses wrong. (Bottomly, Grant, Haycock, & Lund, 2011) Haycock, & Lund, 2011)

The percentage of unrecovered injuries is also higher The percentage of unrecovered injuries is also higher in individuals who did not participate in high school in individuals who did not participate in high school sport than those who did and most of the injuries sport than those who did and most of the injuries were about the same severity. (Bottomly, Grant, were about the same severity. (Bottomly, Grant, Haycock, & Lund, 2011)Haycock, & Lund, 2011)

The majority of sports can help strengthen your The majority of sports can help strengthen your bones, muscles, and ligaments resulting in less bones, muscles, and ligaments resulting in less injuries than those who do not participate in high injuries than those who do not participate in high school sport. (Kaprio, Kujala, Orava, Parkkari & school sport. (Kaprio, Kujala, Orava, Parkkari & Sarna, 2003) Sarna, 2003)

Future ResearchFuture Research

Our research has shown that those who did not Our research has shown that those who did not participate in high school sports have been more participate in high school sports have been more likely to experience frequent injuries. likely to experience frequent injuries.

Future research needs to be more comprehensive Future research needs to be more comprehensive of all bodily injuries and include a larger research of all bodily injuries and include a larger research spectrum.spectrum.

ReferencesReferences

Friery, K. (2008). Incidence of injury and disease among former athletes: A review. Friery, K. (2008). Incidence of injury and disease among former athletes: A review. Journal of Journal of Exercise Exercise Physiology OnlinePhysiology Online, , 1111, 26-45. Retrieved from , 26-45. Retrieved from

http://www.sirc.ca/newsletters/march09/documents/31804760.pdhttp://www.sirc.ca/newsletters/march09/documents/31804760.pd

Kellmann, M. M. (2010). Preventing overtraining in athletes in high-intensity sports and Kellmann, M. M. (2010). Preventing overtraining in athletes in high-intensity sports and stress/recovery stress/recovery monitoring. monitoring. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in SportsScandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, , 2095-102. doi: 10.1111/j.2095-102. doi: 10.1111/j. 1600-0838.2010.01192.x1600-0838.2010.01192.x

Kujala, U. M., Orava, S., Parkkari, J., Kaprio, J., & Sarna, S. (2003). Sports career-related Kujala, U. M., Orava, S., Parkkari, J., Kaprio, J., & Sarna, S. (2003). Sports career-related musculoskeletal musculoskeletal injuries. injuries. Sports Medicine, 33Sports Medicine, 33, 869-875. Retreived from , 869-875. Retreived from

http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=3f18ea89-sid=3f18ea89- f775-412a-8ec9-863230333519%40sessionmgr113&vid=9&hid=108f775-412a-8ec9-863230333519%40sessionmgr113&vid=9&hid=108

Nelson, A. J., Collins, C. L., Yard, E. E., Fields, S. K., & Comstock, R.D. (2007). Ankle injuries Nelson, A. J., Collins, C. L., Yard, E. E., Fields, S. K., & Comstock, R.D. (2007). Ankle injuries among united among united states high school sports athletes, 2005–2006. states high school sports athletes, 2005–2006. Journal of Athletic Journal of Athletic Training, 42, Training, 42, 381-387381-387.. Retrieved from Retrieved fromhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1978459/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1978459/

L. Kjonniksen, N. Anderssen, B. Wold. 2009. Organized sport as a predictor of physical activity L. Kjonniksen, N. Anderssen, B. Wold. 2009. Organized sport as a predictor of physical activity in in adulthood. adulthood. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 646-654.Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 646-654. doi: doi: 10.1111/j.10.1111/j. 1600-0838.2008.00850.x1600-0838.2008.00850.x

Jonasson, P., Halldin, K., Karlsson, J., Thoreson, O., Hvannberg, J., Swärd, L., & Baranto, A. Jonasson, P., Halldin, K., Karlsson, J., Thoreson, O., Hvannberg, J., Swärd, L., & Baranto, A. (2011). (2011). Prevalence of joint-related pain in the extremities and spine in five groups of top Prevalence of joint-related pain in the extremities and spine in five groups of top athletes. athletes. Knee Surgery, Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, ArthroscopySports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, , 1919 (9), 1540-1546. (9), 1540-1546. doi:10.1007/s00167-011-1539-4doi:10.1007/s00167-011-1539-4 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1077574htmlhttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1077574html

http://www.cartoonstock.com/directory/a/aches_and_pains.asphttp://www.cartoonstock.com/directory/a/aches_and_pains.asp

Stevenson, B. (2007). Title IX and the evolution of high school sports. Stevenson, B. (2007). Title IX and the evolution of high school sports. Contemporary Economic Contemporary Economic Policy, 25Policy, 25, , 486-505. doi: 10.1111/j.1465-7287.2007.00080.x486-505. doi: 10.1111/j.1465-7287.2007.00080.x

Surgery.com (2009). Surgery.com (2009). Knee replacement.Knee replacement. Retrieved from http://www.surgery.com/procedure/ Retrieved from http://www.surgery.com/procedure/knee-replacement/demographicsknee-replacement/demographics

Bottomly, M., Grant, K., Haycock, P., Lund, B. (2011). Bottomly, M., Grant, K., Haycock, P., Lund, B. (2011). The Limb Injury Frequency of Former The Limb Injury Frequency of Former High School High School Male Athletes. Male Athletes.