The Kingdom Animalia : Unifying Characteristics and Major Divisions

The Kingdom Animalia:Unifying Characteristics

and Major Divisions

I edited this power point from Eric Kessler

Unifying Characteristics• Multicellular• Can generate movement• Haploid Gametes• Diploid Somatic Cells • Embryonic Development• Mitochondrial Eukaryotes• Heterotrophic• Aerobic Respiring

Haploid Gametes• In animals the

adults produce haploid (having half the number of chromosomes) gametes through meiosis

Diploid Somatic Cells• As the zygote

develops the resulting body or somatic cells are diploid

The Embryonic Blastula• After fertilization of

an egg by sperm, the resulting diploid (having two pairs of chromosomes) zygote rapidly goes through mitosis

• All animals become a hollow sphere of cells called a blastula

Gastrulation & The Gut• After the blastula

stage, in some animals cells migrate to the interior forming the primitive gut

• In Protostomes the initial pore forms the mouth, while in the Deuterostomes this pore forms the anus

Mitochondrial Eukaryotes• Cells contain

Mitochondria inside that carry on Cellular Respiration

• O2 + Glucose CO2 + H2O + ATP

Heterotrophic and Aerobic Respiring

• In order to acquire the Glucose necessary for cellular respiration animals must be consumers and eat organisms already containing glucose

• In order to acquire the Oxygen gas necessary for cellular respiration animals must have mechanisms of obtaining oxygen

The Body Planes

Types of symmetry

Photo. http://images.tutorvista.com/content/animal-kingdom/animal-symmetry-types.jpeg accessed 8/21/2012 11:32 EST.

Spherical Symmetry

Radial Symmetry• Body plan in

which the body parts are arranged regularly around a central axis (multiple planes cut into mirror halves)

Bilateral Symmetry• Body plan in

which body parts are arranged into a left and right around a central plane (one plane cuts into mirror images)

• Cephalization results from this plan

Cephalization• This describes the collection of

neural cells into one common location to form a brain or ganglion.

• Usually in bilateral animals.• Is associated with a mouth since

mouths require so much information processing.

Left: brain of child with Microcephaly Right normal child’s brain size

Cephalopod head

foot

Segmentation• Segmented

organisms have a repeating series of body units that may or may not be similar to one another

Major Divisions• Symmetry, Movement, &

Cephalization• Gastrulation & Gut Formation• Dermal Tissues & Coelome

Development• Segmentation

Coelome Development:Acoelomate

• The coelome is a fluid filled cavity surrounded by mesodermal tissue

• Acoelomate animals lack a fluid filled cavity and are Triploblastic

Pseudocoelomate• Pseudocoelomate

animals have a fluid filled cavity but it is not contained within mesoderm tissue. Instead it lies between the mesoderm and endoderm

• Pseudocoelomates are Triploblastic (having an Ectoderm, Endoderm, and Mesoderm)

Eucoelomate• Eucoelomate

animals have a true fluid filled cavity contained with in the mesoderm

• Eucoelomates are also Triploblastic