The industry developed

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

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The industrial revolution started in England in the last decades of the XVIIIth century, and it spread ou to other European countries very soon. It had huge consequences on production, society, towns, ideologies…

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THE INDUSTRY DEVELOPED IN XIX CENTURYIN POLAND

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In XIX century Poland was divided into three parts between Russia, Austria

and Prusy, so the industrial revolution

was not as strong as in other parts of Europe.

The industry developed the best in German part then in Russian and finally in

Austrian land.

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- Śląsk – mining and steel industry (mines of iron,

stone coal and zinc ores)- Łódź and Żyrardów –

textile industry- Dąbrowa Górnicza –

heavy industryThere were used modern methods and equipment.

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In this time many great Polish scientists left the country, because of difficult political

situation, so a lot of inventions were originated abroad.

–he built Trans-Andean Railways; it is the second highest in the world.

Ernest Malinowski

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Kazimierz Gzowski – he built the bridge between Canada and USA

above Niagara Falls.

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Gabriel Narutowicz – he built hydroelectric power station in

Switzerland and other countries.

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Ignacy Mościcki – he invented a method of getting synthetic fertilizer.

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Michał Doliwo-Dobrowolski – he worked on electricity and he invented many

useful things

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In Poland it is worth to mention:- Zygmunt Wróblewski and Karol Olszewski – they condensed oxygen and nitrogen in low temperature.- Ignacy Łukasiewicz – he founded first oil mine in the world and created oil lamp.

Wróblewski and OlszewskiIgnacy Łukasiewicz

INDUSTRY IN FRANCE

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Coal mineIron and steel industry

Cloth industry

Industrial areaMain industrial town

Financial place

The main French industrial areas are located in - Northen France - Paris - Lyon

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Cloth industry in Roubaix, Northern France ( Motte-Bossut firm)

Iron and steel industry in Uckange, Lorraine

Coal pit on Northern France

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Working conditions were very hard:-children from 6 years old worked in the mines and cloth industries.- women and childre were very poorly paid, half of what men got- 15 hours work a day- no safe working conditions-- hard rules in the firm

By the end of the XIXth century, after many strikes, laws had improved the working condition

• 1813 :  employing children under 10 in the pits is forbidden

• 1841 :  rules about childre working time•  1874 : creation of Labour inspectors;

children’s work forbidden under 12.• 1893 :  law about safety and healthyness at

work; workday for children mustn’t excess 10 hours

• 1914:  some jobs are forbidden for women and children

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FRENCH RAILWAY

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1831: first locomotive between Lyon and Saint-Etienne

1831 First locomotive between Lyon and Saint-Etienne

1837: first train for passengers between Paris and Saint-Germain-en-Laye

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Towns change: they grow, they are more modern: underground, electricity, large avenues…48% of French inhabitants live in towns

Industrialisation in Norway

Development in the 19th and beginning of the 20th century

Norway in the beginning of the 19th century

• Norway was a peasant society.• There were about 883 000 Norwegians and about 80%

of these lived on agriculture.• Other important sections of the economy were

fisheries and forestry.• Industry consisted of small businesses manufacturing

soap, bricks, glass, iron furnaces and beer.• Production was small and the majority of operations

performed by hand.

Farm from the 19th century

First development of industry from the mid 19th century

• New, manufacturing industries arrived in Norway from Great Britain in the 1840s.

• Knowledge and machines imported from England.

• The first textile mills built in Christiania (later called Oslo) and near Trondheim and Bergen.

• Engineering workshops came around the same date.

• Cellulose factories came in the 1860s and 1870s.

Textile industry was dominated by women

Several new industries• Development in iron and metal industry.• Norway started producing its own machines.• Companies that used Norwegian ingredients (fish and

timber) in production for a foreign market appeared in the 1870s.

• Canning and pulp industry date from this period.• The power of waterfalls harnessed, factories began

using electricity.• The exploitation of hydroelectric power lead to

construction of electrochemical factories producing e.g. aluminium, zinc, nitrate, carbide.

Development of new industrial towns

Høyanger 1917, one year after the work on establishing industry began

Høyanger 1934

The aluminium factory today

Development in infrastructure and migration

• New roads built.• New railways made it much easier to travel and send mail and

packages.• The steamer, the postal and telegraphic services linked the

different parts of the country.• The urban population increased from 15% to 30% of the total

population between 1865 and 1900.

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Authors:

Alicja PazderOlga ZiębaAntonello SacchiEnrico LanzilottiCosimo LoparcoYanis JoachimLouis HecqKristin Søreide, Basema Abujayyab, Eirin Eldevik