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THE HUMAN PERSON Kristine Dulnuan Juana Sophiya Ariza Garcia Lyka Lalu Aldrin Ergs Nabong Christabel Rolle Prince Christian Jeric Soliman Micah Tolibas
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Page 1: The Human Person

THE HUMAN PERSON

Kristine DulnuanJuana Sophiya Ariza Garcia

Lyka LaluAldrin Ergs Nabong

Christabel RollePrince Christian Jeric Soliman

Micah Tolibas

Page 2: The Human Person
Page 3: The Human Person

Objectives:1. Explain the nature of the human

person.2. Differentiate the needs and values

based from different persons’ point of view.

3. Define terms related to conscience.

Page 4: The Human Person

The Notion of a Person

Page 5: The Human Person

The Notion of a PersonHistory

In ancient Rome… “persona” in Latin

“prosopon” ( ) in Greekπρόσωπον

“the face” or the masks worn by actors on stage

The masks represent the different “persona”.

Page 6: The Human Person

The Notion of a PersonWhat is a person?

“The person is seen as more than an isolated individual body, but as a dynamically interior person able to grow deeply in oneself through the others with whom he or she communicates, therefore seeing the person in terms of relation to other persons.”

- Maritain

Page 7: The Human Person

The Notion of a PersonWhat is a person?• “any entity that has the moral right of self-determination.”• the kind of being that has the moral right to make its own life-choices and to live its life without being provoked interfered by others

Page 8: The Human Person

The Notion of a PersonWhat is a person?• the individual’s uniqueness which cannot be interchanged and therefore cannot be counted• a being that has certain capacities or attributes constituting personhood, which in turn is defined differently by different authors in different disciplines and by different cultures in different times and places

Page 9: The Human Person

The Notion of a PersonLAW:A person is a human being or a corporation recognized in law as having certain rights and obligations.

PHILOSOPHY:A person is a being characterized by consciousness, rationality, and a moral sense, and traditionally thought of as consisting of both a body and a mind or soul.

Page 10: The Human Person

The Notion of a Person

Personhood-the status of being a person-a controversial topic in philosophy and law- closely tied to legal and political concepts of citizenship, equality, and liberty

Page 11: The Human Person

Needs and Values of Human Persons

Needs: Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs

Page 12: The Human Person

Needs and Values of Human Persons

Needs: Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs

1. Human beings initially set their priorities according to their existential needs such as food, clothes and sleep. If the existential needs are not met survival is threatened and life itself is in danger.

2. If the existential needs are satisfied the need for safety is awakened: The desire for protection from the risks to life such as war, sickness, accident, environmental catastrophes etc. take centre ground.

Page 13: The Human Person

Needs and Values of Human Persons

Needs: Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs

3. The next level in the priority pyramid according to Maslow concerns the social needs: The human being wants to be with like-minded people, he wants to be accepted and loved.

4. The following level is concerned with self-regard and the esteem of other people: The human being wants to strengthen his self-confidence and for this purpose seeks regard and recognition from other people.

Page 14: The Human Person

Needs and Values of Human Persons

Needs: Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs

5. The top objective is the need for self-realization: The human being wants to be able to be himself and to permanently be able to experience inner peace, happiness and harmony.

Page 15: The Human Person

Needs and Values of Human Persons

Page 16: The Human Person

The Human Act:Its

Characteristics

Page 17: The Human Person

The Human Act: Its Characteristics

• Knowledge• Freedom• Willfulness

Page 18: The Human Person

Knowledge

• a familiarity with someone or something, which can include facts, information, descriptions, or skills acquired through experience or education

• theoretical or practical understanding of a subject• can be implicit (as with practical skill or expertise)

or explicit (as with the theoretical understanding of a subject)

• can be more or less formal or systematic

Page 19: The Human Person

Knowledge

• In philosophy, the study of knowledge is called epistemology.

• The philosopher Plato famously defined knowledge as "justified true belief." However, no single agreed upon definition of knowledge exists, though there are numerous theories to explain it.

• Knowledge acquisition involves complex cognitive processes: perception, communication, association and reasoning; while knowledge is also said to be related to the capacity of acknowledgment in human beings

Page 20: The Human Person

Freedom

•  the state of being free at liberty rather than in confinement or under physical restraint

• exception from external control, interference, regulation, etc.

• the power to determine action without restraint• political or national independence• personal liberty, as opposed to bondage or slavery

Page 21: The Human Person

Willfulness

• said or done on purpose; deliberate• obstinately bent on having one's own way.

Page 22: The Human Person

Conscience

Page 23: The Human Person

Definition of Conscience

Latin words:

cum (with) and scientia (knowledge)

thus meaning “with knowledge”

Page 24: The Human Person

Definition of Conscience

• an aptitude, faculty, intuition or judgment of the intellect that distinguishes right from wrong

• tends to be defined as the feeling that may make a person believe that certain actions, or failures of actions, are inherently wrong

• Philosophers, religious leaders, psychologists and a variety of others have tried to determine the source of such emotions, and many arrive at different answers.

Page 25: The Human Person

Definition of Conscience

• In many religions that worship the Judeo/Christian/Islamic god, conscience is a God-given facility; something that people have with us from birth.

• In psychological terms conscience is often described as leading to feelings of remorse when a human commits actions that go against his/her moral values and to feelings of rectitude or integrity when actions conform to such norms.

Page 26: The Human Person

Definition of Conscience

 “Conscience is a man's compass”.

- Vincent van Gogh

Page 27: The Human Person

Conscience as a “Practical Judgment”

• A practical judgment means an operative, efficacious, active judgment. But a truly efficacious, active judgment must be the root and starting point of our action. In a word, such a judgment must necessarily result in action, unless impeded by a contrary, practical judgment. We must note carefully that the operation of an intelligent being is always physically begun and determined by a judgment.

Page 28: The Human Person

Conscience as a “Practical Judgment”

• Conscience is entirely separate from action, and that we can act even against the dictate of conscience. Conscience, therefore, does not necessarily lead to action; it is not a judgment on which action depends, or to which action is physically joined. Conscience is not an operative judgment, and properly speaking cannot be called a practical judgment.

•  It has been called a practical judgment because the word practical has been taken in a broad sense. Instead of being understood solely of something active or pertaining to action (its true meaning), practical now indicates something referring to, or ordered to, action.

Page 29: The Human Person

Conscience as a “Practical Judgment”

• As a practical moral judgment, conscience takes the form: “I ought to do X.” Aquinas points out that when I make such a judgment, I should follow it. But acting on my conscience is not enough. Like any other kind of judgment—business, artistic, scientific or athletic—we base our moral judgments not only on principles but on evidence, data and information. A judgment made without data, evidence or information is a foolish one indeed. Thus, Aquinas thought it is as important to inform one’s conscience properly as it is to follow it. If I refuse to look at evidence or information in forming my moral judgment, I am actually refusing to act morally.

Page 30: The Human Person

Different Kinds of Conscience:Antecedent and Consequent

Conscience

Judgment is passed before an action is performed or only after the action is done.

Page 31: The Human Person

Different Kinds of Conscience:Right and Erroneous Conscience

Right - judge what is really good as good and evil what is really evil.

Erroneous - judges what is bad as good and vice versa.

Page 32: The Human Person

Different Kinds of Conscience:Certain Conscience

Subjective assurance of

the lawfulness or

unlawfulness of certain

actions to be done or to

be admitted.

Page 33: The Human Person

Different Kinds of Conscience:Doubtful Conscience

Suspends judgment on

the lawfulness of an

action and therefore( it

is possible) the action

should be omitted.

Page 34: The Human Person

Different Kinds of Conscience:Scrupulous Conscience

Constantly afraid of

committing evil.

This conscience is a

result of a stubborn

character.

Page 35: The Human Person

Different Kinds of Conscience:Lax Conscience

Conscience that tends to follow the easy way and to find excuses for mistakes.

Page 36: The Human Person

Different Kinds of Conscience:Scrupulous Conscience

Disturbed conscience

trying to restore

good relations with

God by means of

sorrow and

repentance.