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The Global Positioning The Global Positioning System System A Global Information Utility A Global Information Utility November 2001 November 2001
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The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

Dec 14, 2015

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Page 1: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

The Global Positioning The Global Positioning SystemSystem

A Global Information UtilityA Global Information Utility

The Global Positioning The Global Positioning SystemSystem

A Global Information UtilityA Global Information Utility

November 2001November 2001

Page 2: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

Agriculture

Commerce State

Interior

NASA

Justice

Joint Chiefs of Staff

Defense Transportation

The Interagency GPS Executive The Interagency GPS Executive BoardBoard

Page 3: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

Modernization ProgramModernization ProgramModernization ProgramModernization Program

Page 4: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

Goals of GPS Modernization ProgramGoals of GPS Modernization Program

• MilitaryMilitary– ProtectionProtection of service for US/Allied forces of service for US/Allied forces

• Add new signals and increased signal power to improve Add new signals and increased signal power to improve Navwar capabilityNavwar capability

• Modify select platforms to detect and locate GPS Modify select platforms to detect and locate GPS jammingjamming

• Develop and field improved anti-jam and security Develop and field improved anti-jam and security technologies technologies

– PreventionPrevention of adversary exploitation of adversary exploitation • Spectrally separate new military signals from civil Spectrally separate new military signals from civil

signals signals

• CivilCivil– PreservationPreservation of civil use while providing enhancements of civil use while providing enhancements

• Add new signals to improve accuracy and signal Add new signals to improve accuracy and signal redundancyredundancy

The Termination of Selective Availability was the first step in the GPS Modernization Process

Page 5: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

Block IIRs (12 SV’s)• Adds Civil Code

to L2• Adds new military

M-Code• Increases signal

power

GPS Space Segment GPS Space Segment ModernizationModernization

• Adds civil L5 to all Block IIFs

GPS Modernization migrates to a system with spectrally separated military services while adding new civil services

P(Y)P(Y)C/AC/A

P(Y)P(Y) C codeC codeM-codeM-code M-codeM-code

Signals in Space

L2 L1

P(Y)P(Y)C/AC/A

P(Y)P(Y) C codeC codeM-codeM-code M-codeM-code

Signals in Space

L21227.6MHz

L11575.42MHz

L51176.45MHz

Page 6: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

• Advantages of a New SignalAdvantages of a New Signal– Improved cross-correlation properties Improved cross-correlation properties – Improved tracking capability -- 3dB higher Improved tracking capability -- 3dB higher

power than Coarse Acquisition (C/A) on L2power than Coarse Acquisition (C/A) on L2

• Signal CharacteristicsSignal Characteristics– Two codes - one with data (medium code); Two codes - one with data (medium code);

one without (long code)one without (long code)– Codes longer than C/A code to minimize Codes longer than C/A code to minimize

cross correlationcross correlation– Separated by time - Time Division Separated by time - Time Division

Multiplexed (TDM)Multiplexed (TDM)– Overcome some limitations of current C/A Overcome some limitations of current C/A

coded signalscoded signals

GPS Space and ControlGPS Space and Control

New Civil Code on L2New Civil Code on L2

Page 7: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

GPS Space and ControlGPS Space and Control

Block IIR ModernizationBlock IIR Modernization

Pre-Pre-ModernizatioModernizatio

nn

• Heritage Heritage SignalsSignals– L1 C/AL1 C/A– L1, L2 P(Y)L1, L2 P(Y)

• Design LifeDesign Life– 10 Years10 Years

Post Post ModernizationModernization

• Modernized Modernized SignalsSignals– Higher PowerHigher Power– L1 C/A, L2 Second L1 C/A, L2 Second

CivilCivil– L1, L2 P(Y)L1, L2 P(Y)– L1, L2 M-CodeL1, L2 M-Code

• Design LifeDesign Life– 10 Years10 Years

Page 8: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

GPS Space and ControlGPS Space and Control

Block IIF ModernizationBlock IIF Modernization

Pre-Pre-ModernizatioModernizatio

nn

• Heritage Heritage SignalsSignals– L1, L2 C/AL1, L2 C/A– L1, L2 P(Y)L1, L2 P(Y)

• Design LifeDesign Life– 15 Years15 Years

• 33 Satellite 33 Satellite Production Production RunRun

Post ModernizationPost Modernization

• Modernized Signals Modernized Signals – Similar PowerSimilar Power– L1 C/A, L2L1 C/A, L2

Civil SignalCivil Signal– L1, L2 P(Y)L1, L2 P(Y)– L1, L2 M-Code L1, L2 M-Code – L5 New Civil L5 New Civil

SignalSignal

• Design LifeDesign Life– 12 Years12 Years– 10 Year MMD10 Year MMD

• 2 Rubidium Clocks 2 Rubidium Clocks and 1 Cesiumand 1 Cesium

• 12 Satellite 12 Satellite Production RunProduction Run

Page 9: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

Second Civil Signal

Maintain Space UserService

Third Civil Signal

1 ON 3menu

2

Rockwell

4 5 6

7 WPT

8 POS

9 NAV

CLRMARK

0 OFF

NUM LOCK

FIX FOM 1N 42* 01” 46.12”W 091* 38’ 54.36”EL + 00862 ft

ZEROIZE

The GPS IIISystem

• Review entire GPS Architecture to:– Achieve long term GPS performance goals– Reduce long term total ownership costs

• Ensure GPS system properly assessesand is synergized with

– Military and Civil Needs/Systems– Possible augmentation opportunities

• Ensure best GPS system for the nation for the next 30 years

• Review entire GPS Architecture to:– Achieve long term GPS performance goals– Reduce long term total ownership costs

• Ensure GPS system properly assessesand is synergized with

– Military and Civil Needs/Systems– Possible augmentation opportunities

• Ensure best GPS system for the nation for the next 30 years

GPS IIIGPS III

Mission and System Mission and System DescriptionDescription

Page 10: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

• Contractor Studies – Nearing completion (Nov 01)Contractor Studies – Nearing completion (Nov 01)• Alternative System Reviews completedAlternative System Reviews completed

– Baseline architectures identifiedBaseline architectures identified– Contractors Recommended Performance based Contractors Recommended Performance based

requirementsrequirements

• Significant parallelSignificant parallel conclusionsconclusions– Mid-Earth Orbit (MEO) is the bestMid-Earth Orbit (MEO) is the best– Crosslinks are key to accuracy and reduced Age of Data Crosslinks are key to accuracy and reduced Age of Data

(AOD)(AOD)– No major UE impacts for Operational Requirements No major UE impacts for Operational Requirements

Document threshold Document threshold

• Government activity – “On Schedule”Government activity – “On Schedule”

– Draft acquisition strategy in-reviewDraft acquisition strategy in-review– Draft System Specification will be ready for early Draft System Specification will be ready for early

December RFPDecember RFP– Draft Test and Evaluation Master Plan in workDraft Test and Evaluation Master Plan in work

System System Architecture/RequirementsArchitecture/RequirementsDevelopment (SARD) StatusDevelopment (SARD) Status

GPS IIIGPS III

Page 11: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

• GPS III is entering the pre-acquisition phase.GPS III is entering the pre-acquisition phase.

• Although civil requirements are currently contained Although civil requirements are currently contained within the Operational Requirements Document, within the Operational Requirements Document, the possibility for altering the ORD does exist, the possibility for altering the ORD does exist, should there be validated civil requirements.should there be validated civil requirements.

• In approximately March of 2002, the contract award In approximately March of 2002, the contract award for the pre-acquisition phase will be released.for the pre-acquisition phase will be released.

• The downselect to one contractor will occur in The downselect to one contractor will occur in 2004.2004.

• The schedule calls for launch of the first GPS III The schedule calls for launch of the first GPS III satellite in 2009, with Initial Operating Capability of satellite in 2009, with Initial Operating Capability of the GPS III constellation in approximately 2016.the GPS III constellation in approximately 2016.

Schedule Going ForwardSchedule Going Forward GPS IIIGPS III

Page 12: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

Modernization SummaryModernization Summary

– Modernization will increase capability Modernization will increase capability for civil and military usersfor civil and military users

– Second civil signal and new military Second civil signal and new military signals beginning in 2003signals beginning in 2003

– Third civil signal (L5) beginning in 2005Third civil signal (L5) beginning in 2005– GPS III addressing future dual-use GPS III addressing future dual-use

requirementsrequirements– Performance will dramatically improve Performance will dramatically improve

as a result of modernizationas a result of modernization– U.S. continuing international outreach U.S. continuing international outreach

to be responsive to global user needsto be responsive to global user needs

Page 13: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

Interagency ProcessesInteragency ProcessesInteragency ProcessesInteragency Processes

Page 14: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

Civil Involvement and InterfaceCivil Involvement and Interface

• DoD and civilian government agencies DoD and civilian government agencies working together in various venues on working together in various venues on modernization and GPS IIImodernization and GPS III– Policy and PlanningPolicy and Planning

• IGEBIGEB• Independent Assessment TeamIndependent Assessment Team

– AcquisitionAcquisition– RequirementsRequirements

• Interagency Forum on RequirementsInteragency Forum on Requirements

Page 15: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

Civil Involvement in Plans and Civil Involvement in Plans and Policy ProcessPolicy Process

• Structure to Structure to support Plans and support Plans and Policy already in Policy already in placeplace

• Draws from existing Draws from existing Pos/Nav policy Pos/Nav policy structures within structures within DoD and DOTDoD and DOT

• Consolidates at the Consolidates at the IGEB IGEB

IGEB

SSG

DOT Extended Pos/Nav

DoD Pos/Nav

Underlying Agency Staff Structures

IGEB Independent Assessment Team

(IAT)

Page 16: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

Overarching

Integrated Product

Team(OIPT)

Integrating IPT (IIPT)

Working-level IPT (WIPT)

JPO Lead

IGEB

Civil Involvement in Civil Involvement in Acquisition ProcessAcquisition Process

• IPT StructureIPT Structure– Provide strategic guidance, Provide strategic guidance,

and program and program status/assessment status/assessment

– Identify and resolve issues Identify and resolve issues at appropriate levelat appropriate level

– Seeks opportunities for Seeks opportunities for acquisition reformacquisition reform

– ““Inter-disciplinary” Inter-disciplinary” participationparticipation

• Civil representation at each IPT Civil representation at each IPT levellevel– 3 -5 civil representatives3 -5 civil representatives– Full civil participation Full civil participation

through Extended DOT through Extended DOT Pos/Nav structurePos/Nav structure

• IGEB IGEB – Fulfills role defined in PDDFulfills role defined in PDD– Provides advisory role to Provides advisory role to

DABDAB– Structure currently existsStructure currently exists

Execution Level IPTs

DOT Extended Pos/Nav EXCOM

To gain broad civil consensus on GPS issues

DOT Extended Pos/Nav Working Group

To work elements involving civil issues

Milestone Decision Authority (MDA):USD(AT&L)

DAB

Page 17: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

Civil Involvement in Civil Involvement in Requirements ProcessRequirements Process

• NPOESS ModelNPOESS Model– Provides forum to address Provides forum to address

requirements and solution requirements and solution trades which cross trades which cross military/civil boundariesmilitary/civil boundaries

• Independent process from Independent process from program developmentprogram development

– Each agency’s Each agency’s requirements are requirements are accountable and traceableaccountable and traceable

– Focused “user Focused “user community” participation community” participation in fieldin field

• Civil representation at Civil representation at each leveleach level

– Not identical to IPT Not identical to IPT representationrepresentation

– Broad representation Broad representation through Extended DOT through Extended DOT Pos/Nav structurePos/Nav structure

• IGEB IGEB – Fulfills role defined in PDDFulfills role defined in PDD– Provides advisory role to Provides advisory role to

DABDAB– Structure currently existsStructure currently exists

AFSPC lead --- parallel level to execution IPTs to participate

in and provided guidance for development activities

Milestone Decision Authority (MDA):USD(AT&L)

DAB

DOT Extended Pos/Nav EXCOM

To gain broad civil consensus on GPS

issues

DOT Extended Pos/Nav

Working Group To work elements

involving civil issues

JROC- Approve Mil Requirement

JRB- Coord & Adjudicate Mil Requirement

JRP- Coord & Adjudicate Military Requirement

Inter-Agency Requirements Council (IRC)

Interagency Requirements

Board (IRB)•Flag Level

•JROC Equivalent

O-6 and Flag Field Review

Users Forum

Co

ord

inate an

d A

dju

dicate In

teragen

cy Req

uirem

ents

IGEB

Services’ Requirements

Process

Operating Agencies’

Requirements Processes

Inter-Agency Requirements Council (IRC)

Interagency Requirements

Board (IRB)•Flag Level

•JROC Equivalent

O-6 and Flag Field Review

Users Forum

Page 18: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

Aviation AugmentationsAviation AugmentationsAviation AugmentationsAviation Augmentations

Page 19: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

FAA Satellite Navigation FAA Satellite Navigation Programs Programs

WAAS and LAASWAAS and LAAS

•Improved Aviation System Improved Aviation System SafetySafety•Fewer DisruptionsFewer Disruptions• Increased Capacity Increased Capacity

• Increased Fuel Savings• Low Operations Costs• Low Avionics Cost

Why Satellite-Based Navigation?

Page 20: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

Satellite Navigation Capabilities

Page 21: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

• WAAS CapabilitiesWAAS Capabilities

– Enroute GuidanceEnroute Guidance

– Non-Precision Approach Non-Precision Approach

– Category I Precision Approach at All Category I Precision Approach at All

Runway Ends in Service VolumeRunway Ends in Service Volume• CONUSCONUS• Portions of AlaskaPortions of Alaska• HawaiiHawaii• Portions of CaribbeanPortions of Caribbean

• WAAS Approach Capabilities Implemented in IncrementsWAAS Approach Capabilities Implemented in Increments– Non-PrecisionNon-Precision

– LNAV/VNAV (Lateral Navigation/Vertical Navigation)LNAV/VNAV (Lateral Navigation/Vertical Navigation)• Initial Operational Capability Level of Service - December 2003Initial Operational Capability Level of Service - December 2003

Wide Area Augmentation Wide Area Augmentation SystemSystem

Page 22: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

WAAS Fielding StatusWAAS Fielding Status

KeyPhase 1 WRS

Phase 1 WMS/WRS

Phase 1 GES

WMS= Wide-area Master Station

WRS= Wide-area Reference Station

GES= Ground Earth Station

San Juan

(ZSU)

Jacksonville (ZJX)

Aurora(ZAU)

Memphis(ZME)

Olathe(ZKC)

Fort Worth(ZFW)

Longmont(ZDV)

Salt Lake City(ZLC)

Anchorage(ZAN)

Honolulu(HNL)

Communication Satellite

GPS Satellite

Leesburg(ZDC)

Hampton(ZTL)

Miami(ZMA)

Houston(ZHU)

Farmington(ZMP)

Albuquerque(ZAB)

Billings (BIL)

Brewster GES

Santa PaulaGES (2)

Palmdale(ZLA)

Oberlin(ZOB)

Nashua (ZBW)

Auburn (ZSE)

Ronkonkoma (ZNY)

Fremont (ZOA)

Cold Bay(CDB)

Juneau(JNU)

Clarksburg GES

System Available for Non-Aviation Safety Uses Since Aug 2000

Page 23: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

WAAS Integrity IssueWAAS Integrity Issue• WAAS IOC Slipped From Sept 00 to Dec 03 WAAS IOC Slipped From Sept 00 to Dec 03

– System Integrity Problem Identified in Jan 00System Integrity Problem Identified in Jan 00

• Analysis of System Architecture Could Not Prove Analysis of System Architecture Could Not Prove That Stringent System Integrity Requirement Was That Stringent System Integrity Requirement Was MetMet– Integrity Is the System’s Ability to Provide Timely Integrity Is the System’s Ability to Provide Timely

Warnings to Users When It Should Not Be Used for Warnings to Users When It Should Not Be Used for NavigationNavigation

• FAA Formed Panel of Experts To Develop Solution FAA Formed Panel of Experts To Develop Solution – Resulted in Improvements for 8 System MonitorsResulted in Improvements for 8 System Monitors– Improvements On TrackImprovements On Track

• Three Monitor Improvements Now On WAAS SignalThree Monitor Improvements Now On WAAS Signal– Panel ContinuesPanel Continues

• LNAV/VNAV Implementation OversightLNAV/VNAV Implementation Oversight

Page 24: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

• Goal Goal – Provide Extremely High Accuracy, Availability, and Integrity Provide Extremely High Accuracy, Availability, and Integrity

RequiredRequired for Category II and Category III Precision Approachesfor Category II and Category III Precision Approaches

– Category I Approach in Areas Not Served by WAAS or Requiring Category I Approach in Areas Not Served by WAAS or Requiring Higher Availability Than Provided by WAASHigher Availability Than Provided by WAAS

– Surface NavigationSurface Navigation

• LAAS Full DeploymentLAAS Full Deployment– 46 Category I Systems46 Category I Systems– 114 Category II/III System114 Category II/III System

• Initial Operational Capability Expected in 2003Initial Operational Capability Expected in 2003

Local Area Augmentation SystemLocal Area Augmentation System

Page 25: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

LAAS DevelopmentLAAS Development

• Phased: Partnership / Federal Phased Acquisition Phased: Partnership / Federal Phased Acquisition

• Government Industry Partnership (GIP) Cost Government Industry Partnership (GIP) Cost Sharing Agreements in PlaceSharing Agreements in Place– Develop LAAS to FAA CAT I Specification RequirementsDevelop LAAS to FAA CAT I Specification Requirements

– GIP Agreements Period of Performance Through December 15, GIP Agreements Period of Performance Through December 15, 20012001

• LAAS Category I Contract Award Planned Summer LAAS Category I Contract Award Planned Summer 0202– Leverages GIP Development but Incorporates Added RequirementsLeverages GIP Development but Incorporates Added Requirements

– Initial CAT I LAAS Operational by 4Initial CAT I LAAS Operational by 4thth Quarter of 2003 Quarter of 2003

• LAAS Category II/III Acquisition Beginning in 2003LAAS Category II/III Acquisition Beginning in 2003– Operational in 2006Operational in 2006

Page 26: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.
Page 27: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

International ConsultationsInternational ConsultationsInternational ConsultationsInternational Consultations

Page 28: The Global Positioning System A Global Information Utility November 2001.

Principles for CooperationPrinciples for Cooperation– No direct user feesNo direct user fees for civil and public safety services for civil and public safety services– Ensure Ensure open marketopen market driven competition for user driven competition for user

equipment and applicationsequipment and applications– Open signal structureOpen signal structure for all civil services to promote for all civil services to promote

equal access for applications development and value equal access for applications development and value added servicesadded services

– Protection of the current radionavigation Protection of the current radionavigation spectrumspectrum from disruption and interferencefrom disruption and interference

– Use of GPS time, geodesy, and signal structure Use of GPS time, geodesy, and signal structure standardsstandards

– Seamless, globalSeamless, global interoperabilityinteroperability of future systems of future systems with GPSwith GPS

– Recognition of national and international Recognition of national and international securitysecurity issues and protecting against misuseissues and protecting against misuse