The Global Positioning The Global Positioning System System A Global Information Utility A Global Information Utility November 2001 November 2001
Dec 14, 2015
The Global Positioning The Global Positioning SystemSystem
A Global Information UtilityA Global Information Utility
The Global Positioning The Global Positioning SystemSystem
A Global Information UtilityA Global Information Utility
November 2001November 2001
Agriculture
Commerce State
Interior
NASA
Justice
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Defense Transportation
The Interagency GPS Executive The Interagency GPS Executive BoardBoard
Goals of GPS Modernization ProgramGoals of GPS Modernization Program
• MilitaryMilitary– ProtectionProtection of service for US/Allied forces of service for US/Allied forces
• Add new signals and increased signal power to improve Add new signals and increased signal power to improve Navwar capabilityNavwar capability
• Modify select platforms to detect and locate GPS Modify select platforms to detect and locate GPS jammingjamming
• Develop and field improved anti-jam and security Develop and field improved anti-jam and security technologies technologies
– PreventionPrevention of adversary exploitation of adversary exploitation • Spectrally separate new military signals from civil Spectrally separate new military signals from civil
signals signals
• CivilCivil– PreservationPreservation of civil use while providing enhancements of civil use while providing enhancements
• Add new signals to improve accuracy and signal Add new signals to improve accuracy and signal redundancyredundancy
The Termination of Selective Availability was the first step in the GPS Modernization Process
Block IIRs (12 SV’s)• Adds Civil Code
to L2• Adds new military
M-Code• Increases signal
power
GPS Space Segment GPS Space Segment ModernizationModernization
• Adds civil L5 to all Block IIFs
GPS Modernization migrates to a system with spectrally separated military services while adding new civil services
P(Y)P(Y)C/AC/A
P(Y)P(Y) C codeC codeM-codeM-code M-codeM-code
Signals in Space
L2 L1
P(Y)P(Y)C/AC/A
P(Y)P(Y) C codeC codeM-codeM-code M-codeM-code
Signals in Space
L21227.6MHz
L11575.42MHz
L51176.45MHz
• Advantages of a New SignalAdvantages of a New Signal– Improved cross-correlation properties Improved cross-correlation properties – Improved tracking capability -- 3dB higher Improved tracking capability -- 3dB higher
power than Coarse Acquisition (C/A) on L2power than Coarse Acquisition (C/A) on L2
• Signal CharacteristicsSignal Characteristics– Two codes - one with data (medium code); Two codes - one with data (medium code);
one without (long code)one without (long code)– Codes longer than C/A code to minimize Codes longer than C/A code to minimize
cross correlationcross correlation– Separated by time - Time Division Separated by time - Time Division
Multiplexed (TDM)Multiplexed (TDM)– Overcome some limitations of current C/A Overcome some limitations of current C/A
coded signalscoded signals
GPS Space and ControlGPS Space and Control
New Civil Code on L2New Civil Code on L2
GPS Space and ControlGPS Space and Control
Block IIR ModernizationBlock IIR Modernization
Pre-Pre-ModernizatioModernizatio
nn
• Heritage Heritage SignalsSignals– L1 C/AL1 C/A– L1, L2 P(Y)L1, L2 P(Y)
• Design LifeDesign Life– 10 Years10 Years
Post Post ModernizationModernization
• Modernized Modernized SignalsSignals– Higher PowerHigher Power– L1 C/A, L2 Second L1 C/A, L2 Second
CivilCivil– L1, L2 P(Y)L1, L2 P(Y)– L1, L2 M-CodeL1, L2 M-Code
• Design LifeDesign Life– 10 Years10 Years
GPS Space and ControlGPS Space and Control
Block IIF ModernizationBlock IIF Modernization
Pre-Pre-ModernizatioModernizatio
nn
• Heritage Heritage SignalsSignals– L1, L2 C/AL1, L2 C/A– L1, L2 P(Y)L1, L2 P(Y)
• Design LifeDesign Life– 15 Years15 Years
• 33 Satellite 33 Satellite Production Production RunRun
Post ModernizationPost Modernization
• Modernized Signals Modernized Signals – Similar PowerSimilar Power– L1 C/A, L2L1 C/A, L2
Civil SignalCivil Signal– L1, L2 P(Y)L1, L2 P(Y)– L1, L2 M-Code L1, L2 M-Code – L5 New Civil L5 New Civil
SignalSignal
• Design LifeDesign Life– 12 Years12 Years– 10 Year MMD10 Year MMD
• 2 Rubidium Clocks 2 Rubidium Clocks and 1 Cesiumand 1 Cesium
• 12 Satellite 12 Satellite Production RunProduction Run
Second Civil Signal
Maintain Space UserService
Third Civil Signal
1 ON 3menu
2
Rockwell
4 5 6
7 WPT
8 POS
9 NAV
CLRMARK
0 OFF
NUM LOCK
FIX FOM 1N 42* 01” 46.12”W 091* 38’ 54.36”EL + 00862 ft
ZEROIZE
The GPS IIISystem
• Review entire GPS Architecture to:– Achieve long term GPS performance goals– Reduce long term total ownership costs
• Ensure GPS system properly assessesand is synergized with
– Military and Civil Needs/Systems– Possible augmentation opportunities
• Ensure best GPS system for the nation for the next 30 years
• Review entire GPS Architecture to:– Achieve long term GPS performance goals– Reduce long term total ownership costs
• Ensure GPS system properly assessesand is synergized with
– Military and Civil Needs/Systems– Possible augmentation opportunities
• Ensure best GPS system for the nation for the next 30 years
GPS IIIGPS III
Mission and System Mission and System DescriptionDescription
• Contractor Studies – Nearing completion (Nov 01)Contractor Studies – Nearing completion (Nov 01)• Alternative System Reviews completedAlternative System Reviews completed
– Baseline architectures identifiedBaseline architectures identified– Contractors Recommended Performance based Contractors Recommended Performance based
requirementsrequirements
• Significant parallelSignificant parallel conclusionsconclusions– Mid-Earth Orbit (MEO) is the bestMid-Earth Orbit (MEO) is the best– Crosslinks are key to accuracy and reduced Age of Data Crosslinks are key to accuracy and reduced Age of Data
(AOD)(AOD)– No major UE impacts for Operational Requirements No major UE impacts for Operational Requirements
Document threshold Document threshold
• Government activity – “On Schedule”Government activity – “On Schedule”
– Draft acquisition strategy in-reviewDraft acquisition strategy in-review– Draft System Specification will be ready for early Draft System Specification will be ready for early
December RFPDecember RFP– Draft Test and Evaluation Master Plan in workDraft Test and Evaluation Master Plan in work
System System Architecture/RequirementsArchitecture/RequirementsDevelopment (SARD) StatusDevelopment (SARD) Status
GPS IIIGPS III
• GPS III is entering the pre-acquisition phase.GPS III is entering the pre-acquisition phase.
• Although civil requirements are currently contained Although civil requirements are currently contained within the Operational Requirements Document, within the Operational Requirements Document, the possibility for altering the ORD does exist, the possibility for altering the ORD does exist, should there be validated civil requirements.should there be validated civil requirements.
• In approximately March of 2002, the contract award In approximately March of 2002, the contract award for the pre-acquisition phase will be released.for the pre-acquisition phase will be released.
• The downselect to one contractor will occur in The downselect to one contractor will occur in 2004.2004.
• The schedule calls for launch of the first GPS III The schedule calls for launch of the first GPS III satellite in 2009, with Initial Operating Capability of satellite in 2009, with Initial Operating Capability of the GPS III constellation in approximately 2016.the GPS III constellation in approximately 2016.
Schedule Going ForwardSchedule Going Forward GPS IIIGPS III
Modernization SummaryModernization Summary
– Modernization will increase capability Modernization will increase capability for civil and military usersfor civil and military users
– Second civil signal and new military Second civil signal and new military signals beginning in 2003signals beginning in 2003
– Third civil signal (L5) beginning in 2005Third civil signal (L5) beginning in 2005– GPS III addressing future dual-use GPS III addressing future dual-use
requirementsrequirements– Performance will dramatically improve Performance will dramatically improve
as a result of modernizationas a result of modernization– U.S. continuing international outreach U.S. continuing international outreach
to be responsive to global user needsto be responsive to global user needs
Civil Involvement and InterfaceCivil Involvement and Interface
• DoD and civilian government agencies DoD and civilian government agencies working together in various venues on working together in various venues on modernization and GPS IIImodernization and GPS III– Policy and PlanningPolicy and Planning
• IGEBIGEB• Independent Assessment TeamIndependent Assessment Team
– AcquisitionAcquisition– RequirementsRequirements
• Interagency Forum on RequirementsInteragency Forum on Requirements
Civil Involvement in Plans and Civil Involvement in Plans and Policy ProcessPolicy Process
• Structure to Structure to support Plans and support Plans and Policy already in Policy already in placeplace
• Draws from existing Draws from existing Pos/Nav policy Pos/Nav policy structures within structures within DoD and DOTDoD and DOT
• Consolidates at the Consolidates at the IGEB IGEB
IGEB
SSG
DOT Extended Pos/Nav
DoD Pos/Nav
Underlying Agency Staff Structures
IGEB Independent Assessment Team
(IAT)
Overarching
Integrated Product
Team(OIPT)
Integrating IPT (IIPT)
Working-level IPT (WIPT)
JPO Lead
IGEB
Civil Involvement in Civil Involvement in Acquisition ProcessAcquisition Process
• IPT StructureIPT Structure– Provide strategic guidance, Provide strategic guidance,
and program and program status/assessment status/assessment
– Identify and resolve issues Identify and resolve issues at appropriate levelat appropriate level
– Seeks opportunities for Seeks opportunities for acquisition reformacquisition reform
– ““Inter-disciplinary” Inter-disciplinary” participationparticipation
• Civil representation at each IPT Civil representation at each IPT levellevel– 3 -5 civil representatives3 -5 civil representatives– Full civil participation Full civil participation
through Extended DOT through Extended DOT Pos/Nav structurePos/Nav structure
• IGEB IGEB – Fulfills role defined in PDDFulfills role defined in PDD– Provides advisory role to Provides advisory role to
DABDAB– Structure currently existsStructure currently exists
Execution Level IPTs
DOT Extended Pos/Nav EXCOM
To gain broad civil consensus on GPS issues
DOT Extended Pos/Nav Working Group
To work elements involving civil issues
Milestone Decision Authority (MDA):USD(AT&L)
DAB
Civil Involvement in Civil Involvement in Requirements ProcessRequirements Process
• NPOESS ModelNPOESS Model– Provides forum to address Provides forum to address
requirements and solution requirements and solution trades which cross trades which cross military/civil boundariesmilitary/civil boundaries
• Independent process from Independent process from program developmentprogram development
– Each agency’s Each agency’s requirements are requirements are accountable and traceableaccountable and traceable
– Focused “user Focused “user community” participation community” participation in fieldin field
• Civil representation at Civil representation at each leveleach level
– Not identical to IPT Not identical to IPT representationrepresentation
– Broad representation Broad representation through Extended DOT through Extended DOT Pos/Nav structurePos/Nav structure
• IGEB IGEB – Fulfills role defined in PDDFulfills role defined in PDD– Provides advisory role to Provides advisory role to
DABDAB– Structure currently existsStructure currently exists
AFSPC lead --- parallel level to execution IPTs to participate
in and provided guidance for development activities
Milestone Decision Authority (MDA):USD(AT&L)
DAB
DOT Extended Pos/Nav EXCOM
To gain broad civil consensus on GPS
issues
DOT Extended Pos/Nav
Working Group To work elements
involving civil issues
JROC- Approve Mil Requirement
JRB- Coord & Adjudicate Mil Requirement
JRP- Coord & Adjudicate Military Requirement
Inter-Agency Requirements Council (IRC)
Interagency Requirements
Board (IRB)•Flag Level
•JROC Equivalent
O-6 and Flag Field Review
Users Forum
Co
ord
inate an
d A
dju
dicate In
teragen
cy Req
uirem
ents
IGEB
Services’ Requirements
Process
Operating Agencies’
Requirements Processes
Inter-Agency Requirements Council (IRC)
Interagency Requirements
Board (IRB)•Flag Level
•JROC Equivalent
O-6 and Flag Field Review
Users Forum
FAA Satellite Navigation FAA Satellite Navigation Programs Programs
WAAS and LAASWAAS and LAAS
•Improved Aviation System Improved Aviation System SafetySafety•Fewer DisruptionsFewer Disruptions• Increased Capacity Increased Capacity
• Increased Fuel Savings• Low Operations Costs• Low Avionics Cost
Why Satellite-Based Navigation?
• WAAS CapabilitiesWAAS Capabilities
– Enroute GuidanceEnroute Guidance
– Non-Precision Approach Non-Precision Approach
– Category I Precision Approach at All Category I Precision Approach at All
Runway Ends in Service VolumeRunway Ends in Service Volume• CONUSCONUS• Portions of AlaskaPortions of Alaska• HawaiiHawaii• Portions of CaribbeanPortions of Caribbean
• WAAS Approach Capabilities Implemented in IncrementsWAAS Approach Capabilities Implemented in Increments– Non-PrecisionNon-Precision
– LNAV/VNAV (Lateral Navigation/Vertical Navigation)LNAV/VNAV (Lateral Navigation/Vertical Navigation)• Initial Operational Capability Level of Service - December 2003Initial Operational Capability Level of Service - December 2003
Wide Area Augmentation Wide Area Augmentation SystemSystem
WAAS Fielding StatusWAAS Fielding Status
KeyPhase 1 WRS
Phase 1 WMS/WRS
Phase 1 GES
WMS= Wide-area Master Station
WRS= Wide-area Reference Station
GES= Ground Earth Station
San Juan
(ZSU)
Jacksonville (ZJX)
Aurora(ZAU)
Memphis(ZME)
Olathe(ZKC)
Fort Worth(ZFW)
Longmont(ZDV)
Salt Lake City(ZLC)
Anchorage(ZAN)
Honolulu(HNL)
Communication Satellite
GPS Satellite
Leesburg(ZDC)
Hampton(ZTL)
Miami(ZMA)
Houston(ZHU)
Farmington(ZMP)
Albuquerque(ZAB)
Billings (BIL)
Brewster GES
Santa PaulaGES (2)
Palmdale(ZLA)
Oberlin(ZOB)
Nashua (ZBW)
Auburn (ZSE)
Ronkonkoma (ZNY)
Fremont (ZOA)
Cold Bay(CDB)
Juneau(JNU)
Clarksburg GES
System Available for Non-Aviation Safety Uses Since Aug 2000
WAAS Integrity IssueWAAS Integrity Issue• WAAS IOC Slipped From Sept 00 to Dec 03 WAAS IOC Slipped From Sept 00 to Dec 03
– System Integrity Problem Identified in Jan 00System Integrity Problem Identified in Jan 00
• Analysis of System Architecture Could Not Prove Analysis of System Architecture Could Not Prove That Stringent System Integrity Requirement Was That Stringent System Integrity Requirement Was MetMet– Integrity Is the System’s Ability to Provide Timely Integrity Is the System’s Ability to Provide Timely
Warnings to Users When It Should Not Be Used for Warnings to Users When It Should Not Be Used for NavigationNavigation
• FAA Formed Panel of Experts To Develop Solution FAA Formed Panel of Experts To Develop Solution – Resulted in Improvements for 8 System MonitorsResulted in Improvements for 8 System Monitors– Improvements On TrackImprovements On Track
• Three Monitor Improvements Now On WAAS SignalThree Monitor Improvements Now On WAAS Signal– Panel ContinuesPanel Continues
• LNAV/VNAV Implementation OversightLNAV/VNAV Implementation Oversight
• Goal Goal – Provide Extremely High Accuracy, Availability, and Integrity Provide Extremely High Accuracy, Availability, and Integrity
RequiredRequired for Category II and Category III Precision Approachesfor Category II and Category III Precision Approaches
– Category I Approach in Areas Not Served by WAAS or Requiring Category I Approach in Areas Not Served by WAAS or Requiring Higher Availability Than Provided by WAASHigher Availability Than Provided by WAAS
– Surface NavigationSurface Navigation
• LAAS Full DeploymentLAAS Full Deployment– 46 Category I Systems46 Category I Systems– 114 Category II/III System114 Category II/III System
• Initial Operational Capability Expected in 2003Initial Operational Capability Expected in 2003
Local Area Augmentation SystemLocal Area Augmentation System
LAAS DevelopmentLAAS Development
• Phased: Partnership / Federal Phased Acquisition Phased: Partnership / Federal Phased Acquisition
• Government Industry Partnership (GIP) Cost Government Industry Partnership (GIP) Cost Sharing Agreements in PlaceSharing Agreements in Place– Develop LAAS to FAA CAT I Specification RequirementsDevelop LAAS to FAA CAT I Specification Requirements
– GIP Agreements Period of Performance Through December 15, GIP Agreements Period of Performance Through December 15, 20012001
• LAAS Category I Contract Award Planned Summer LAAS Category I Contract Award Planned Summer 0202– Leverages GIP Development but Incorporates Added RequirementsLeverages GIP Development but Incorporates Added Requirements
– Initial CAT I LAAS Operational by 4Initial CAT I LAAS Operational by 4thth Quarter of 2003 Quarter of 2003
• LAAS Category II/III Acquisition Beginning in 2003LAAS Category II/III Acquisition Beginning in 2003– Operational in 2006Operational in 2006
International ConsultationsInternational ConsultationsInternational ConsultationsInternational Consultations
Principles for CooperationPrinciples for Cooperation– No direct user feesNo direct user fees for civil and public safety services for civil and public safety services– Ensure Ensure open marketopen market driven competition for user driven competition for user
equipment and applicationsequipment and applications– Open signal structureOpen signal structure for all civil services to promote for all civil services to promote
equal access for applications development and value equal access for applications development and value added servicesadded services
– Protection of the current radionavigation Protection of the current radionavigation spectrumspectrum from disruption and interferencefrom disruption and interference
– Use of GPS time, geodesy, and signal structure Use of GPS time, geodesy, and signal structure standardsstandards
– Seamless, globalSeamless, global interoperabilityinteroperability of future systems of future systems with GPSwith GPS
– Recognition of national and international Recognition of national and international securitysecurity issues and protecting against misuseissues and protecting against misuse